<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Present work has studied potential barrier of Phenosafranin dye based organic device and has observed influence of different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on this parameter. We have made different devices by taking different weight ratios of the dye – nanoparticles blend which are 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4. These organic devices have been formed by varying the concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles keeping same dye content. One device is also formed without any nanoparticle to compare influence of nanoparticle on potential barrier of the device. These devices are formed by sandwiching the dye – nanoparticle blend in between the Indium Tin Oxide coated glass and Aluminium coated mylar sheet. The potential barrier is measured from device’s I-V plot and also by Norde function. These two methods remain in good agreement showing that potential barrier is mostly decreased when the concentration of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles is highest in the blend of Phenosafranin dye and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The ratio of dye –nanoparticle blend of 1:4 shows lowest potential barrier and it is highest when Phenosafranin dye based organic device is made without any nanoparticle. The reduced potential barrier in the presence of higher concentration of nanoparticles can be ascribed to improved filling of traps. Lowered potential barrier at metal – organic contact will improve the charge flow resulting in better performance of the device.
</abstract>

Effect of Different Concentrations of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Potential Barrier of Organic Device

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The study was aimed at providing a device to estimate the range of values of the <italic>u-</italic> and <italic>d-</italic>quark masses through the elastic <italic>ep</italic>-scattering form factors at the low energy regime. ROOT generated <italic>dcsep</italic> data sets, from theoretical and experimental form factors, were compared to modified <italic>dcseq</italic> and their intersections were determined from the average of a total of 3000 events for each <italic>dcs</italic> at various scattering angles selected randomly from 0° to 180°. The proton mass was required as a parameter used in the relativistic recoil factor of <italic>dcseq</italic> to shift its distribution closer to <italic>dcsep</italic> thereby attaining the critical intersections. For quarks carrying effective masses, the extrapolated energy intersection of <italic>dcsep</italic> generated from the average of all form factors with the modified <italic>dcseu</italic> is 226.00013<italic>MeV</italic>2 and this is lesser than that of the modified <italic>dcsed</italic> at 1093.00004<italic>MeV</italic>2 with bin size of 1<italic>MeV</italic>2 and their respective <italic>dcs</italic> intersections are 10.07049x10-4 and 0.36976x10-4, in barns. Summary of results are also given for quark masses derived from MS scheme and Lattice QCD. By considering all possible scattering angles at fixed transfer momentum, the relativistic recoil factor was treated as a constant that shifted the distribution and gave rise to a tool in estimating quark mass range.
</abstract>

Department of Physics Mindanao State University

Low-Energy Quark Mass Test for <italic>U</italic> and <italic>D</italic> via Elastic Form Factors

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The article studies the properties of interior color schemes and finishing materials in order to find optimal combination for improving indoor conditions in higher education study room and to contribute to better educational process. Optical, physical, physiological and emotional properties of colors and materials are compared to living and study requirements in the context of their complexity. Recommendations for appropriate combinations of finishing materials and colors are given.
</abstract>

Doctor of Art Sciences, Department of Architecture

Doctor of constructional Sciences, Department of Architecture

Interior Materials and Colors for Study Room Comfort

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A great deal of researchers elaborated on the importance of the urban spaces and human life. Urban spaces are necessary types of spaces for a city and they have a timeless value. This research is focused on people’s perception about urban spaces in Larisa, Greece, a medium-sized city selected as case study. An electronic questionnaire survey was conducted and conclusions are drawn on how adequate are the urban spaces in Larisa. Moreover, people are asked to propose ideas on how other spaces, function more as urban gaps, can be integrated on the urban grid. In that way, it is easy to study what people believe about the city’s life and how the existing urban spaces function. Some conclusions derived from this research can be also useful in succeeding a combined traffic and urban planning in other Greek, in the context of the implementation of a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP).
</abstract>

An Evaluation of Urban Open Spaces in Larisa, Greece

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This quantitative research, has the objective of measuring the impact on the users of Interactive multimedia services, in the systems engineering career of the Instituto Tecnológico de Mexicali. The method is a survey applied to a sample of students of the Systems Engineering degree at the Instituto Tecnológico de Mexicali. The results of a survey applied about Interactive multimedia services is Interactive multimedia services, is a new tool of the Acrobat DC professional suite, which allows the user to generate PDF documents which contain various multimedia elements, such as MP3 audios, Videos, Photos, which are intended to be a valuable tool in the student teaching process and is used successful for the 402 students enrolled in systems engineering career of the Instituto Tecnológico de Mexicali. Based on the results obtained from this research, it can be seen that the students of the systems engineering career of the Technological Institute of Mexicali, consider themselves to be enthusiastic about information and communication technologies, such as interactive multimedia services, and they wish to use these technologies, as an area of opportunity we discovered that this technology is not currently used in the systems engineering career of the Technological Institute of Mexicali, nor in other academic departments, the students surveyed show that they know these technologies and that they would recommend them as a means to improve the learning, besides that they consider these technologies reliable.
</abstract>

Interactive Multimedia Services Research, used in the Systems Engineering Career of the Technological Institute of Mexicali

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The urban space is characterized by specific qualities that may contribute to, or mitigate the social life. These qualities were described by James Gibson as “environmental affordances”. But beyond social life, such environmental affordances can affect other human behaviors, such as driving behavior. Such an approach can be particularly useful, since the objective in most European cities is to regain the social character of roads and streets and thus to reduce the speeds on the roads and the number of cars. Through this research, conclusions can be drawn related to road elements that contribute to the development of high traffic speeds to prevent their use during urban planning while encouraging the use of other qualities that will support the maintenance of low speeds of cars. In the light of the above, the specific research focuses on a neighborhood of the southern suburbs of Athens, Ilioupolsi. Through observations and an electronic survey, conclusions are drawn on the behavior of drivers in Ilioupolis. Finally, an attempt is made to generalize the effects of the specific physical characteristics in order to optimize the design of cities where the roads will be social spaces in addition to vehicle traffic channels.
</abstract>

Study of Driving Behavior in Ilioupolis, Athens According to the Environmental Affordances Theory

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The use of information is inextricably linked with its security. The presence of vulnerabilities enables a third party to breach the security of information. Threat modeling helps to identify those infrastructures, which would be most likely exposed to cyberattacks. In some cases, however, threat modeling can not be classified as sufficient method of protection. This paper entitled “Determining the probability of cyberattacks” presents an analysis of different techniques with an attempt to identify the most informative parameters and cyberattack prediction markers, which would lay the foundation for the development of cyberattack probability functions. Next, it would be relevant to design such cyberattack probability functions, which would be used upon the initial identification of a cyberattack. The findings of this research could be applied during the future assessment of risk levels of information systems to ensure more effective information security management.
</abstract>

Determining the Probability of Cyberattacks

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This research reveals the change that occurs in a university course when using narratives, which allows facing monumentalism in the classrooms, considering that, in most of them, classes are still being held in a traditional way without taking into account what the students think about the topics covered in the courses. The research is within the qualitative method. The results obtained allow to establish the influence of the course on the learning strategies used by the students, as stable learning indicators, two networks are presented: one corresponding to the use of narratives, and the second, incorporation of the question. Students are motivated to work collaboratively and have a favorable opinion of implementation.
</abstract>

Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción

Engineering Students’ Perceptions when Working with Narratives in a Humanities Course

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The importance of cities and their populations grow more and more, as well as the need to apply ICT in their management to reduce their environmental impact and improve the services they offer to their citizens. Hence the concept of smart city arises, a transformation of urban spaces that the European Union is strongly promoting which is largely based on the use of data and its treatment using Big data and Artificial Intelligence techniques based in algorithms. For the development of smart cities it is basic, from a legal point of view, EU rules about open data and the reuse of data and the reconciliation of the massive processing of citizens’ data with the right to privacy, non-discrimination and protection of personal data. The use of Big data and AI needed for the development of smart city projects requires a particular respect to data protection regulations. In this sense, the research explores in depth the specific hazards of vulnerating this fundamental right in the framework of smart cities due to the use of Big Data and AI.
</abstract>

Smart Cities, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Respect for the European Union Data Protection Rules

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Simulated laboratories are an effective tool to complement teaching and learning processes, in this case, in the area of nuclear physics and related sciences. They can be used in universities, schools, and research centers for personnel ramp up and training. This work presents the development of a simulator of a nuclear radiation counter and the elements used in experiments alongside it, such as simulated radioactive sources, absorbing materials and dispersing materials of radiation. This simulator allows us to verify the scientific laws that are involved in the interaction of radiation with matter, in a safe and reproducible way. The simulated laboratory experiments include determining the plateau curve of a Geiger-Müller tube, beta particle absorption and backscattering, and radioactive background. The data obtained from the simulations is based on the real experiments, eliminating the inherent risks of the manipulation of radioactive materials. This also allows to verify theoretical concepts in practice, strengthening the learning process and incentivizing research, interpretation, integration and communication of the obtained results. By incorporating this simulator in the multidisciplinary teaching and learning processes in STEM fields, it is possible to run these laboratories in a simple manner using non-radioactive materials.
</abstract>

Teaching and Learning through Laboratory Experiments in the Area of Nuclear Technology

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 6 (2023): Issue 2 (October 2023)

Volume 6 (2023): Issue 1 (April 2023)

Volume 5 (2022): Issue 2 (October 2022)

Volume 5 (2022): Issue 1 (April 2022)

Volume 4 (2021): Issue 2 (October 2021)

Volume 4 (2021): Issue 1 (April 2021)

European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering

Print ISSN 2601-8683  European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering (EJFE) is a multidisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed research journal. EJFE welcomes and acknowledges high-quality, original theoretical and empirical research papers in the field of Engineering and Formal Sciences, case studies, review articles, literature reviews, book reviews, conceptual frameworks, analytical and simulation models, and technical notes from researchers, academicians, professional and practitioners from all over the world.  Engineering, as a scientific field, is closely associated with other formal sciences, especially mathematics, physics, and chemistry.  Sharing research findings in these areas is expected to significantly contribute into the development of engineering fields.  The topics include but are not limited to the following:   Chemical Engineering: biomolecular, materials, molecular, process, and corrosion  Civil Engineering: environmental, geotechnical, structural, mining, transport, water resource  Electrical Engineering: power system, optical  Mechanical Engineering: energy, vehicle  Software Engineering: computer-aided, web  System Engineering  Mathematics: analysis, combinatorics, probability and statistics, computational science  Physics: nuclear and particle, atomic, molecular, and optical, condensed matter, applied, modern  Chemistry: analytical, biochemistry, inorganic, materials, neuro, organic  Other Engineering Areas: aerospace, agricultural, applied, railway, industrial, artificial intelligence, electronics, communication, image processing, neural networks, plastic.  All submitted manuscripts undergo an in-depth double-blind peer review.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 