<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Diversion refers to the measures used for children in conflict with law without resorting to criminal prosecution or trial. Therefore, a child or a youth committing a criminal offense may be subjected to specific measures or programs other than the criminal prosecution and trial. Of course, different jurisdictions provide different legal requirements and conditions to be complied with when deciding to apply a diversion measure instead of prosecuting the child or the youth in conflict with law.
In general, children in conflict with law who are under the age of 18 do usually benefit from the diversion measures when all the required conditions are fulfilled in accordance with the national Juvenile Justice Code. From the point of international law, the imposition of diversion measures for children in conflict with law may be considered as a legal obligation deriving from the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Beijing Rules.
In Albania, the diversion measures tend to divert children away from the formal proceedings and give priority to the restorative justice or other rehabilitation programs. This paper aims to provide a general overview of the diversion measures and their importance for the well-being of the children involved in criminal activities.
The scope of the paper is focused on the diversion measures provided by the new Albanian Criminal Justice for Children Code with the aim to repair the harm caused by the offence and rehabilitate the children in conflict with law. In conclusion, the paper highlights the benefits of the diversion measures compared to punitive measures and traditional justice by providing such alternatives as the best way to promote the well-being of children in conflict with law and their inclusion in society.
</abstract>

A comprehensive review of the diversion of children in conflict with law from judicial proceedings in Albania: Assessing alternatives to traditional justice

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The discourse on transitional justice and coming to terms with the past following 32 years of regime change in post-communist Albania continues to cause further polarization within society. The timeline of nearly thirty years has been fueled by extreme debates and harsh statements which have resulted in the division of society in two camps of public judgment-the communists and the anti-communists. The number of studies conducted on the impact of transitional justice on democratic backsliding is quite limited, and similarly, there is a paucity of research on the correlation between transitional justice and polarization within the country. Albania’s transitional justice dynamic can be better understood by contextualizing it in terms of regime change and consolidation, which would bring significant insights. The primary objective of this paper is to concentrate on the theoretical and conceptual framework of transitional justice, and to discuss its primary differences in how it deals with the past. In the second part of the paper, a detailed analysis of the discourse of the elite will be presented, aimed at addressing the fundamental question posed in this paper, which is “to what extent has the political domain utilized TJ to polarize society”?
</abstract>

Transitional Justice as a tool for polarization in Albania

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The 2008 financial crisis has required new methods for portfolios diversification. In the same year, Maillard, Roncalli and Teiletche (2008) suggested a method that maximizes the diversification which is called Risk Parity or Equally weighted Risk Contribution strategy. The most common method to use the Risk Parity approach is to use the standard deviation as risk measure. In this paper, we describe a method to apply Risk Parity to the Expected shortfall or also known as Conditional Value at Risk using a numerical approximation from discrete historical observation. The expected shortfall can use the advantage of being a coherent measure, not to forget that it is also a convex measure, which is very useful in the optimization. Another advantage is that the Risk Parity approach doesn’t need the estimation of the expected return as an input. Usually, the models that require the expected returns, such as the Markowitz, model have higher concentration in a smaller number of assets. This will bring a very high turnover and drawdown of the performance. The performance analysis in this paper is applied in mixed portfolios composed by stock, bonds and commodities. They show also how better this model performs in case of the crisis. We also identify not only the strong points but also the week points of these models.
</abstract>

Numerical approximation in the application of Risk Parity with Conditional Value at Risk in case of mixed portfolios

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The increased awareness of the key role of effective management for the success of modern organizations in conditions of globalization has led to numerous questions about the mechanisms that determine the variability of this significant phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors that influence the process of effective management, with a focus on communication skills. This paper investigated the influence of communication skills among managers on effective management in organizations in the Republic of North Macedonia. The paper has a theoretical and empirical character, and the research is oriented towards determining the connection between the communication competencies of managers and management styles. The findings confirm that communication competences are a prerequisite for effective management that includes leadership, and that managers with different levels of communication competence will prefer different management styles. The findings suggest significant links between the three-dimensional integrated management model that is theoretically and operationally defined as a combination of transformational, transactional and liberal management styles with the communication model. These findings speak about the importance of communication skills, which increase with the level of a managerial position where transformational management styles dominate and confirmed the assumption that good and creative communication plays an important role in effective management and becomes crucial in today’s world at all organizational levels.
</abstract>

Communication and creativity of managers in the context of effective management in organizations in the Republic of North Macedonia

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Child sexual abuse represents a complex product of many factors, such as social, cultural, economic and biological amounting to long-term consequences for the victim due to the child’s psychological immaturity during its developmental stage. One of the most important measures applied towards the prevention of such criminal offense is the registration of persons convicted of child sexual abuse and paedophilia in a special register. Despite being widespread, their implementation is not universal. The first part of this paper identifies the origin of such registers by analysing separate cases of the US and the UK. The second part manifests an international comparative approach toward the legislation and modality of selected countries which have successfully established and regulated sexual offender registries within their national legal systems. For that matter, five countries originating from different continents throughout the globe are analysed: the Balkan Peninsula (Macedonia and Albania), Europe (France), North America (Canada) and Africa (Kenya).
</abstract>

Registration of child sexual abusers and paedophiles as a preventive measure – A comparative analysis

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Role playing in German as a foreign language is very important in understanding its context. This manuscript consists of the following sections:
<list list-type="custom">
<list-item><label>-</label> Definition of role play;</list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> How does it help students of German language?</list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> What does role play offer to students?</list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> Do we find role play exercises in books?</list-item>
</list>
Regarding these issues a google form survey was distributed to students of German language. In this context main purpose of this survey is to check whether the role play exercises are part of the lesson, unit and therefore the learning process.
</abstract>

The use of role-playing in German as a foreign language class in Albania

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European Journal of Economics, Law and Social Sciences

European Journal of Economics, Law and Social Sciences is an international journal published in Austria focused on interdisciplinary research. The need for interdisciplinary approaches as a key to reinvigorating and integrating both theory and practice is increasingly recognized in the academy. EJELS Journal aims to promote rapid communication and exchange between the World as well as other Research Scholars, Universities and academic institutions. It mainly reflects the latest advances being made in many disciplines of scientific research in universities and academic institutions. It addresses both theoretical and empirical issues in the fields of business and management, law, public administration, sociology, anthropology, economics, social work, history, education, psychology, political science etc. Acceptance for publication is subject to a double-blind peer-reviewing process. The journal expects authors to write clearly and accessibly for an international audience. No particular theories are favoured. We invite researchers to submit their original papers via email at: ejels.journal@gmail.com  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 