Volume 3 (2018): Issue 1 (June 2018)

Very recently, Liao has invented a Directly Defining Inverse Mapping Method (MDDiM) for nonlinear differential equations. Liao’s method is novel and can be used for solving several problems arising in science and engineering, if we can extend it to nonlinear systems. Hence, in this paper, we extend Liao’s method to nonlinear-coupled systems of three differential equations. Our extension is not limited to single, double or triple equations, but can be applied to systems of any number of equations.

In the literature, it has been proved the existence of a pullback global attractor for reaction-diffusion equation on a bounded domain and under some conditions, a uniform bound on the dimension of its sections. Using those results and putting a bound on the diameter of the domain, we proved that the pullback global attractor consists only of one global solution. As an application to this result, a bounded perturbation of Chafee-Infante equation has been studied.

A perfect phase sequence is a finite and ordered set of constant-amplitude complex numbers whose periodic autocorrelation vanishes at any non-zero time shift. They find multiple applications in science an engineering as phase-coded waveforms, where the sequence defines the relative phases within a burst of electromagnetic or acoustic pulses. We show how a physical propagation effect, the so-called fractional Talbot phenomenon, can be used to generate pulse trains coded according to these sequences. The mathematical description of this effect is first reviewed and extended, showing its close relationship with Gauss perfect phase sequences. It is subsequently shown how it leads to a construction of Popović’s Generalized Chirp-Like (GCL) sequences. Essentially, a set of seed pulses with prescribed amplitude and phase levels, cyclically feeds a linear and dispersive medium. At particular values of the propagation length, multiple pulse-to-pulse interference induced by dispersion passively creates the sought-for pulse trains composed of GCL sequences, with the additional property that its repetition rate has been increased with respect to the seed pulses. This observation constitutes a novel representation of GCL sequences as the result of dispersive propagation of a seed sequence, and a new route for the practical implementation of perfect phase-coded pulse waveforms using Talbot effect.

Let G be a connected graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). Recently, the Revan vertex degree concept is defined in Chemical Graph Theory. The first and second Revan indices of G are defined as R₁(G) = ∑uv∈E$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \sum\limits_{uv\in E} \end{array}$[r_G(u) + r_G(v)] and R₂(G) = ∑uv∈E$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \sum\limits_{uv\in E} \end{array}$[r_G(u)r_G(v)], where uv means that the vertex u and edge v are adjacent in G. The first and second hyper-Revan indices of G are defined as HR₁(G) = ∑uv∈E$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \sum\limits_{uv\in E} \end{array}$[r_G(u) + r_G(v)]² and HR₂(G) = ∑uv∈E$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \sum\limits_{uv\in E} \end{array}$[r_G(u)r_G(v)]². In this paper, we compute the first and second kind of Revan and hyper-Revan indices for the octahedral and icosahedral networks.

The present study deals with simultaneous effects of Joule heating and slip on peristaltic flow of a Bingham fluid in an inclined tapered porous channel with elastic walls. The closed form solutions for the stream function, the velocity and the temperature fields are obtained. The effects of the physical parameters on the flow characteristics are presented through graphs for both slip and no-slip cases. In addition, the performance of the temperature is studied with and without Joule heating effects. Moreover, the trapping phenomenon is analysed. The size of the trapped bolus increases with increasing values of the slip parameter and decreasing values of the magnetic, the permeability and the yield stress parameters. The present results are compared with the available results in the literature and our results agree well with the available results for some special cases.

We consider the problem of waves propagating in a viscoelastic solid. For the material properties of the solid we consider both classical and fractional differentiation in time versions of the Zener, Maxwell, and Voigt models, where the coupling of different models within the same solid are covered as well. Stability of each model is investigated in the Laplace domain, and these are then translated to time-domain estimates. With the use of semigroup theory, some time-domain results are also given which avoid using the Laplace transform and give sharper estimates. We take the time to develop and explain the theory necessary to understand the relation between the equations we solve in the Laplace domain and those in the time-domain which are written using the language of causal tempered distributions. Finally we offer some numerical experiments that highlight some of the differences between the models and how different parameters effect the results.

Two complex matrix pairs (A, B) and (A′, B′) are contragrediently equivalent if there are nonsingular S and R such that (A′, B′) = (S⁻¹AR, R⁻¹BS). M.I. García-Planas and V.V. Sergeichuk (1999) constructed a miniversal deformation of a canonical pair (A, B) for contragredient equivalence; that is, a simple normal form to which all matrix pairs (A + A͠, B + B͠) close to (A, B) can be reduced by contragredient equivalence transformations that smoothly depend on the entries of A͠ and B͠. Each perturbation (A͠, B͠) of (A, B) defines the first order induced perturbation AB͠ + A͠B of the matrix AB, which is the first order summand in the product (A + A͠)(B + B͠) = AB + AB͠ + A͠B + A͠B͠. We find all canonical matrix pairs (A, B), for which the first order induced perturbations AB͠ + A͠B are nonzero for all nonzero perturbations in the normal form of García-Planas and Sergeichuk. This problem arises in the theory of matrix differential equations ẋ = Cx, whose product of two matrices: C = AB; using the substitution x = Sy, one can reduce C by similarity transformations S⁻¹CS and (A, B) by contragredient equivalence transformations (S⁻¹AR, R⁻¹BS).

In recent years, with the rapid growth of Chinese economy, the domestic tourism industry has gradually formed. Many scholars on the relationship between the tourism income and economic growth has carried on the empirical research and the most found that tourism income promote economic growth. The study uses the method of meta-analysis to study the relationship between tourism income and economic growth in major cities, and then analyzes the relationship between domestic tourism income and economic growth. Through literature retrieval, extract contains 409 sample sizes 21 valid documents, it is found that the tourism income and economic growth significantly correlated, analyzing the relation between the two different methods and no significant influence on the relation between regional differences. This study provides a way to promote economic growth.

Resources and the environment have always been the two important natural factors that affect people’s lives. In recent years, the problem of resources and the environment has increasingly become an important issue that people are concerned about. This study discusses the use and consumption of energy and the impact of environmental pollution on economic development under sustainable economic development. This paper takes Panzhihua as an example to analyze the impact of energy and environment on the economy, and proposes solutions to improve economic development, which is of strategic significance for the future development of Panzhihua City. In this paper, the system dynamics method is used to decompose the Panzhihua large-scale system into three parts and carry out modeling and simulation to explore the connection between them. Based on the data from 2007 to 2015 in Panzhihua City, simulations have been carried out to obtain qualitative and quantitative analysis of certain simulation curves of the energy-environment-economy 3E system (hereinafter referred to as 3E system) from 2007 to 2030 to ascertain the future development pattern of Panzhihua City. The results show that when the 3E system is a coordinated development model, economic development and environmental protection have a good development trend at the same time, which is applicable to the future development of Panzhihua City. This model has good reference suggestions and application prospects for urban development. We want to give Panzhihua City the following suggestions: (1) Continue to focus on the secondary industry and increase competitiveness. (2) Increase the investment funds in environmental protection and achieve sustainable economic development.

In this paper, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a non-autonomous reaction-diffusion equation with delay, after we prove the existence of a pullback 𝒟-asymptotically compact process. By a priori estimates, we show that it has a pullback 𝒟-absorbing set that allow us to prove the existence of a pullback 𝒟-attractor for the associated process to the problem.

The goal of this paper is to find a combination of conical trajectories, using gravitational assisted maneuvers (swing-by), which perform the transfer from a nearby of the departure planet (Earth) to the vicinity of the arrival planet (Jupiter), making a closest approaches with Mars (flyby) to reduce the fuel consumption for the journey. A detailed description of the mission from Earth— Mars—Jupiter, that used this technique is presented. The table of flyby dates, altitudes of closest approaches is also included. A methodology known as the Patched Conics was used, where the trajectory is divided into three parts:

Departure phase, inside of the sphere of influence of the departure planet,

We make some considerations about Relativistic Positioning Systems (RPS). Four satellites are needed to position a user. First of all we define the main concepts. Errors should be taken into account. Errors depend on the Jacobian transformation matrix. Its Jacobian is proportional to the tetrahedron volume whose vertexes are the four tips of the receiver-satellite unit vectors. If the four satellites are seen by the user on a circumference in the sky, then, the Jacobian and the tetrahedron volume vanish. The users we consider are spacecraft. Spacecraft to be positioned cannot be close to a null Jacobian satellites-user configuration. These regions have to be avoided choosing an appropriate set of four satellites which are not seen too close to the same circumference in the sky. Errors also increase as the user spacecraft separates from the emission satellite region, since the tetrahedron volume decreases.We propose a method to autonomously potion a user-spacecraft which can test our method. This positioning should be compared with those obtained by current methods. Finally, a proposal to position a user-spacecraft moving far from Earth, with suitable devices (autonomous), is presented.

In this article, we propose a new computational method for second order initial value problems in ordinary differential equations. The algorithm developed is based on a local representation of theoretical solution of the second order initial value problem by a non-linear interpolating function. Numerical examples are solved to ensure the computational performance of the algorithm for both linear and non-linear initial value problems. From the results we obtained, the algorithm can be said computationally efficient and effective.

In term of the global random attractors theory, global dynamics of nonlinear stochastic heat conduction driven by multiplicative white noise with a variable coefficient are investigated numerically. It is shown that global 𝒟-bifurcation, secondary global 𝒟-bifurcation and complex dynamical behavior occur in motion of the system with increasing the intensity of linear component in the heat source. Furthermore, the results obtained here indicate that Hasudorff dimension which is relevant to global Lyapunov exponent can be used to describe global dynamics of the associated system qualitatively.

We study the roto-orbital dynamics of a uniform sphere and a triaxial body by means of a radial intermediary, which defines a 2-DOF Hamiltonian system. Our analysis is carried out by using variables referred to the total angular momentum. Its validity and applicability is assessed numerically by experiments comprising three different scenarios; analysis of the triaxiality, eccentricity and altitude. They show that there is a range of parameters and initial conditions for which the radial distance and the slow angles are estimated accurately, even after one orbital period. On the contrary, fast angles deteriorates as the triaxiality grows. We also include the study of the relative equilibria, finding constant radius solutions filling 4-D and lower dimensional tori. These families of relative equilibria include some of the classical ones reported in the literature and some new types. For a number of scenarios the relation between the triaxiality and the inclination connected with relative equilibria are given.

The eccentricity ε_u of vertex u in a connected graph G, is the distance between u and a vertex farthermost from u. The aim of the present paper is to introduce new eccentricity based index and eccentricity based polynomial, namely modified augmented eccentric connectivity index and modified augmented eccentric connectivity polynomial respectively. As an application we compute these new indices for octagonal grid Onm$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle O_n^m \end{array}$ and we compare the results obtained with the ones obtained by other indices like Ediz eccentric connectivity index, modified eccentric connectivity index and modified eccentric connectivity polynomial ECP(G, x).

This paper deals with the Noether’s theory for variable mass system on time scales. The calculus on time scales unifies and extends variable mass system continuous model and discrete model into a single theory. Firstly, Hamilton’s principle of the variable mass system on time scales is given. Secondly, based on the quasi-invariance of the Hamilton’s action under a group of infinitesimal transformations, Noether’s theorem and its inverse theorem of the variable mass system on time scales are presented. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the applications of the results.

In this paper we study a (2+1)-dimensional coupling system with the Korteweg-de Vries equation, which is associated with non-semisimple matrix Lie algebras. Its Lax-pair and bi-Hamiltonian formulation were obtained and presented in the literature. We utilize Lie symmetry analysis along with the (G′/G)–expansion method to obtain travelling wave solutions of this system. Furthermore, conservation laws are constructed using the multiplier method.

In this paper, we use a time splitting method with higher-order accuracy for the solutions (in space variables) of a class of two-dimensional semi-linear parabolic equations. Galerkin-Chebyshev pseudo spectral method is used for discretization of the spatial derivatives, and implicit Euler method is used for temporal discretization. In addition, we use this novel method to solve the well-known semi-linear Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) model equation and obtain solutions with higher-order accuracy. Furthermore, we compare the results obtained by our method for the semi-linear parabolic equation with the available analytical results in the literature for some special cases, and found excellent agreement. Furthermore, our new technique is also applicable for three-dimensional problems.

The molecular topological indices as validly demonstrated its high performance in the discovery and design of new drugs. The goal of this paper is to study the structurally constructed a graph model of human Liver using graph operator. After the construction, nurtured the model using various topological indices. Also, established a diagnosis defect in the human Liver. Basically, considered structure of Liver can divide into healthy Liver and affected Liver. In this case study the topological indices are used in describe the structure of Liver using graph operator. Constructed model can be useful further in the medical field for any diagnosis with special care.

In this paper, the peristaltic wave propagation of a Non-Newtonian Casson liquid in a non-uniform (flexible)channel with wall properties and heat transfer is analyzed. Long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations are considered. Analytical solution for velocity, stream function and temperature in terms of various physical parameters is obtained. The impact of yield stress, elasticity, slip and non-uniformity parameters on the peristaltic flow of Casson liquidare observed through graphs and discussed. The important outcome is that an increase in rigidity, stiffness and viscous damping force of the wall results in the enhancement of the size and number of bolus formed in the flow pattern.

In this paper, boundary layer flow over a moving flat plate with second-order velocity slip, injection and applied magnetic field is analyzed. The governing partial differential equations are converted in to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation through an appropriate similarity transformation. The resulting nonlinear equation is solved via homotopy analysis method (HAM). Errors ranging from 10^–7 to 10^–10 are reported for a relatively few terms. The effects of the pertinent parameters on the velocity and the shear stress are presented graphically and discussed. In the absence of magnetic field and the two slip parameters, the results are found to be in excellent agreement with the available results in the literature. It is expected that the results obtained will not only provide useful information for industrial applications but also complement the earlier works.

The present paper is aimed to the exploration of acousto-optic (AO) modulational amplification in ion implanted semiconductors. The AO modulational process has been treated as a four wave parametric mixing process and the effective third-order acousto-optic susceptibility characterizing the instability process has been deduced. By considering that the origin of modulational interaction lies in the third order AO susceptibility arising from the nonlinear induced current density and using the coupled mode theory, an analytical investigation of an intense laser beam in a strain dependent dielectric constant (SDDC) semiconductor crystal is presented. We found a significant change in threshold and gain characteristics with changes in charge imbalance parameter. The presence of colloidal grains (CGs) plays an effective role in changing the threshold intensity and effective gain constant.

In this article, we have considered for numerical solution of a Poisson and Laplace equation in a domain. we have presented a novel finite difference method for solving the system of the boundary value problems subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. We have derived the solution of the Poisson and Laplace equations in a two-dimensional finite region. We present numerical experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of the method.

In this paper we introduce the walk polynomial to find the number of walks of different lengths in a simple connected graph. We also give the walk polynomial of the bipartite, star, wheel, and gear graphs in closed forms.