<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Synchrotron X-ray facilities have the capability for numerous microanalytical methods with spatial resolutions in the micron to submicron range and sensitivities as low as ppm to ppb. These capabilities are the result of a high X-ray brilliance (many orders of magnitude greater than standard tube and rotating anode sources); a continuous, or white, spectrum through the hard X-ray region; high degrees of X-ray columniation and polarization; and new developments in X-ray focusing methods. The high photon flux and pulsed nature of the source also allow for rapid data collection and high temporal resolution in certain experiments. Of particular interest to geoscientists are X-ray fluorescence microprobes which allow for numerous analytical techniques including X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of trace element concentrations and distributions; X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for chemical speciation, structural and oxidation state information; X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification; and fluorescence microtomography (CMT) for mapping the internal structure of porous or composite materials as well as elemental distributions (Newville et al. 1999; Sutton et al. 2002; Sutton et al. 2004).We have employed several synchrotron based microanalytical methods including XRF, microEXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure), microXANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) and CMT for the study of minor and trace elements in apatite (and other minerals). We have also been conducting time resolved X-ray diffraction to study nucleation of and phase transformations among precursor phases in the formation of apatite from solution at earth surface conditions. Summaries of these studies are given to exemplify the capabilities of synchrotron microanalytical techniques.</abstract>

Synchrotron microanalytical methods in the study of trace and minor elements in apatite

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Monazite (LREEPO4) is a radiogenic, rare-earth bearing mineral commonly used for geochronology. Here we examine the control of major element chemistry in influencing the crystallization of monazite in granites (Salihli and Turgutlu bodies) and garnet-bearing metamorphic assemblages (Bozdag and Bayindir nappes) from the Menderes Massif, western Turkey. In S-type granites from the massif, the presence of monazite correlates to the CaO and Al2O3 content of the whole rock. Granites with monazite only are low Ca (0.6-1.8 wt% CaO). As CaO increases (from 2.1-4.6 wt%), allanite [(Ce, Ca, Y)2(Al, Fe3+)3(SiO4)3 (OH)] is present. Higher Al2O3 (>15 wt%) rocks contain allanite and/or monazite, whereas those with lower Al2O3 contain monazite only. However, examining data reported elsewhere for A-type granites, the correlation between major element chemistry and presence of monazite is likely restricted to S-type lithologies. Pelitic schists of the Menderes Massif show no correlation between major element chemistry and presence of monazite. One Bayindir nappe sample contains both prograde garnets and those affected significantly by diffusion. These rocks have likely experienced a complicated multi-stage tectonic history, which influenced their current mineral assemblages. The presence of monazite in a metamorphic rock can be influenced by the number, duration, and nature of events that were experienced and the degree to which fluids were involved. The source of monazite in the Bayindir and Bozdag samples was likely reactions that involved allanite. These reactions may not have significantly changed the bulk composition of the rock.</abstract>

Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1100, Austin, TX 78712-0254, USA

School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, 105 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA

GAMA Qatar, Almana Building 6th Floor, Airport Road, P. O. Box 22825, Doha, Qatar

Whole rock major element influences on monazite growth: examples from igneous and metamorphic rocks in the Menderes Massif, western Turkey

Editorial

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The formation of accessory phosphates in granites reflects many chemical and physical factors, including magma composition, oxidation state, concentrations of volatiles and degree of differentiation. The geotectonic setting of granites can be judged from the distribution and character of their phosphates. Robust apatite crystallization is typical of the early magmatic crystallization of I-type granitoids, and of late magmatic stages when increased Ca activity may occur due to the release of anorthite from plagioclase. Although S-type granites also accumulate apatite in the early stages, increasing phosphorus in late differentiates is common due to their high ASI. The apatite from the S-types is enriched in Mn compared to that in I-type granites. A-type granites characteristically contain minor amounts of apatite due to low P concentrations in their magmas. Monazite is typical of S-type granites but it can also become stable in late I-type differentiates. Huttonite contents in monazite correlate roughly positively with temperature. The cheralite molecule seems to be highest in monazite from the most evolved granites enriched in B and F. Magmatic xenotime is common mainly in the S-type granites, but crystallization of secondary xenotime is not uncommon. The formation of the berlinite molecule in feldspars in peraluminous melts may suppress phosphate precipitation and lead to distributional inhomogeneities. Phosphate mobility commonly leads to the formation of phosphate veinlets in and outside granite bodies. The stability of phosphates in the superimposed, metamorphic processes is restricted. Both monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) are unstable during fluid-activated overprinting. REE accessories, especially monazite and allanite, show complex replacement patterns culminating in late allanite and epidote formation.</abstract>

Genesis and stability of accessory phosphates in silicic magmatic rocks: a Western Carpathian case study

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In this contribution, monazite (LREEPO4) solubility is addressed in a chemical system involving REE-bearing hydroxylapatite, (Ca, LREE)10(PO4,SiO4)6(OH)2. For this purpose, a synthetic (La)- and (OH)-analogous of britholite, Ca4La6(SiO4)6(OH)2, was synthesised and its thermodynamic properties were measured. Formation enthalpy of -14,618.4±31.0 kJ·mol-1 was obtained by high-temperature drop-solution calorimetry using a Tian-calvet twin calorimeter (Bochum, Germany) at 975 K using lead borate as solvent. Heat capacities (Cp) were measured in the 143-323 K and 341-623 K ranges with an automated Perkin-Elmer DSC 7. For calculations of solubility diagrams at 298 K, the GEMS program was used because it takes into account solid solutions. In conditions representative of those expected in nuclear waste disposal, calculations show that La-monazite is stable from pH = 4 to 9 with a minimum of solubility at pH = 7. La-bearing hydroxylapatite precipitates at pH > 7 with a nearly constant composition of 99% hydroxylapatite and 1% La-britholite. Each mineral buffers solution at extremely low lanthanum concentrations (log{La} = 10-10-10-15 mol·kg-1 for pH = 4 to 13). In terms of chemical durability, both La-monazite and La-rich apatite present low solubility, a requisite property for nuclear-waste forms.</abstract>

Institut für Geologie, University of Bern, Switzerland

Institut für Mineralogie, WWU Münster, Germany

Laboratoire de Géologie, CNRS UMR8538, Paris, France

Mineralogisches Institut, Universität-Heidelberg, Germany

Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Kiel, Germany

Thermochemical characterization of Ca4La6(SiO4)6(OH)2 a synthetic La- and OH-analogous of britholite: implication for monazite and LREE apatites stability

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Mineralogia

 Mineralogia (ISSN: 1899-8291, e-ISSN: 1899-8526), a free open access journal, publishes original research and review papers from broad fields of geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology, technical, experimental and applied mineralogy, and environmental sciences. Mineralogia (formerly Mineralogia Polonica) is an English language journal with 50 years long tradition. The journal’s subtitle, Geochemical, Mineralogical and Petrological Research, indicates the open character of the journal. The regular series Mineralogia is accompanied by the irregular series, including Mineralogia - Special Papers (containing conference abstracts) and Thematic Collections.    Publications in the scope of widely understood mineralogical sciences (mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, environmental sciences, applied mineralogy, etc.)   Original research and review papers, letters (a short research paper), short notes (a brief communication), book reviews, and letters to editors with comments on papers published in Mineralogia    First issue of Mineralogia Polonica, the official Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Poland, was published in 1970 soon after foundation of the Society in 1969. Mineralogia Polonica, publishing in English from its beginning, has been very important for development of mineralogical sciences in Poland, exchange of scientific journals and international collaboration. Based on a long discussion with our colleagues from abroad we have noticed that the title suggests that the journal is focused on local mineralogical problems from Poland. To avoid this misunderstanding we have decided to modify the title and accordingly the journal cover. The new and simple title Mineralogia (with subtitle Geochemical, Mineralogical and Petrological Research) indicates an open character of the journal. We intend to publish original papers, review papers and short notes from broad fields of geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology, technical, experimental and applied mineralogy, environmental geochemistry and mineralogy. We have also decided to introduce changes in the organization of our Editorial Board to ensure high scientific level of journal and relatively short time-span between paper submission and publication.   The journal facilitates communication and promotes scientific research in the scope of:    descriptive mineralogy   experimental mineralogy   igneous petrology   metamorphic petrology   sedimentary petrology   hard rock geochemistry   geochronology and petrochronology   environmental mineralogy and geochemistry    Why subscribe and read    excellent source of outstanding interdisciplinary research papers in mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry and related disciplines;   over fifty years of publishing;   offers high-quality electronic publications (eISSN 1899-8526);   special issues publishing reviewed abstracts from conferences co-organized by the Mineralogical Society of Poland;    Why submit    fast, fair, and constructive single-blind peer review and editing;   no processing and no publication charges;   language-correction services for authors from non-English speaking regions;      Archiving   Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.   Plagiarism Policy   The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.   Funding   Authors should list all funding sources in the Acknowledgments section.   ORCID   Mineralogia journal requires ORCID.   Ethical considerations   This journal follows the basic principles of the publishing process as documented by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The COPE’s guidelines focus mainly on issues related to publication in the medical literature; thus, not all the points are relevant to the Mineralogia journal. Although the essential ethical concerns considered while publishing in Mineralogia align with the COPE guidelines, Mineralogia is not bound by their defined processes.   Mineralogia otrzymała dofinansowanie z MNiE na lata 2022-2024 w ramach programu Rozwój czasopism naukowych (RCN/SN/0190/2021/1).   Ministry of Science and Higher Education co-financed Mineralogia in 2022-2024 as part of the Development of Scientific Journals call (Rozwój czasopism naukowych; RCN/SN/0190/2021/1). 

Mineralogia

Volume 39 (2008): Issue 1-2 (June 2008)

Synchrotron microanalytical methods in the study of trace and minor elements in apatite

Whole rock major element influences on monazite growth: examples from igneous and metamorphic rocks in the Menderes Massif, western Turkey

Editorial

Genesis and stability of accessory phosphates in silicic magmatic rocks: a Western Carpathian case study

Thermochemical characterization of Ca₄La₆(SiO₄)₆(OH)₂ a synthetic La- and OH-analogous of britholite: implication for monazite and LREE apatites stability

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