<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Background</h3>
<p>Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are associated with serious health problems and a higher risk of obesity in adults.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Objectives</h3>
<p>This study aimed to determine how often pediatricians identify the condition of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents based on anthropometric measurements. The researchers also wanted to obtain information on counseling provided by pediatricians regarding diet and physical activity in patients.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>In 2022, an observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 55 pediatricians working in primary health care sector in the city of Lodz. An anonymous questionnaire consisted of sections regarding the characteristics of the treated patient population, barriers and improvements in the process of patient assessment, control, and management, as well as the health status and health behaviors of pediatricians.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3>
<p>About 90.9% of the pediatricians declared that they measured body weight on a scale. Similarly, 89.1% of them measured body height. Among the surveyed doctors, 67.3% calculated waist circumference or the ratio of waist-to-hip ratio. All the pediatricians provided advice on diet/eating habits and physical activity to both healthy and overweight/obese patients. In most cases, the study participants indicated that this counseling was provided „often” (83.6%). Only every tenth pediatrician provided detailed dietary advice and every sixth detailed advice on physical activity at each patient visit. A higher chance of providing dietary advice to children and adolescents was observed among pediatricians providing ≤ 100 patient visits during a routine work week (OR = 5.13; p &lt; 0.05). Normal BMI (OR = 12.35; p &lt; 0.05) and having ≤ 100 patient visits per week during a routine work week (OR = 8.28; p &lt; 0.05) were significant correlates of physical activity advice.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>Pediatricians should perform accurate anthropometric measurements to prevent obesity in children and adolescents. During each patient visit, the pediatrician should give advice on diet and physical activity.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion

Pediatricians’ Interventions Aimed to Reduce Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in Primary Healthcare in Poland. A Cross-sectional Study

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The article delves into the potential of probiotics and synbiotics as alternative approaches to preventing and treating dental caries. Probiotics are live, non­­pathogenic microorganisms combined with non ­living substances (prebiotics) that support their growth and activity. Probiotics, including strains of Lactobacilli, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, secrete various compounds, such as antimicrobial substances, bacteriocins, and enzymes, which help combat cariogenic bacteria. Research suggests that early administration of probiotics can establish a stable oral ecosystem and decrease the risk of dental caries.</p>
<p>Synbiotics, a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, offer a synergistic approach to promoting oral health. Prebiotics like glucomannan hydrolysate, arabinose, xylose, and xylitol support the growth of beneficial bacteria while hindering the proliferation of cariogenic strains. The use of synbiotics, particularly in children, has shown promise in reducing the incidence of dental caries.</p>
<p>Overall, this review highlights the growing interest in probiotics and synbiotics as potential solutions to addressing the complex issue of dental caries. These alternative methods offer the potential to rebalance the oral microbiota and reduce the prevalence of this widespread oral health problem. Nonetheless, further research is needed to confirm their efficacy and long ­term effects in preventing and treating dental caries.</p>
</abstract>

Student Scientific Circle, Department of Oral Pathology

The Use of Probiotic Preparations in Caries Prevention and Treatment

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Background</h3>
<p> The application of business intelligence (BI) tools in hospitals can enhance the quality and efficiency of care by providing insights into diagnostic, therapeutic, and business processes. BI tools aid in infection monitoring, clinical decision -making, and analysis of hospitalisation durations within Diagnostic-Related Groups (DRGs), identifying inefficiencies and optimizing resource use.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Objectives</h3>
<p> This study aims to analyse hospital length of stay and identify the DRGs with the most inefficient hospitalization times using the BI -driven Smart Hospital application.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Materials and methods</h3>
<p> The Smart Hospital application, developed on the Qlik Sense BI platform, analysed data from the National Health Fund (NFZ), Statistics Poland, e -health Centre (CEZ), and hospitalisations billed by DRG sections. The dataset included 20,376,405 hospitalisations from 2017–2019.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3>
<p> The average length of stay (ALOS) was 6.2 days, with an effective length of stay (ELOS) of 4.33 days. Ineffective hospitalisation days totalled 30,307,086, accounting for 28.99% of all hospitalizations. The most inefficient DRGs were E53G (Cardiovascular failure), A48 (Complex stroke treatment), N01 (Childbirth), T07 (Trauma conservative treatment), and D28 (Respiratory and thoracic malignancies), contributing to about 14% of all ineffective hospital days.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p> Understanding the factors influencing hospitalisation durations in DRGs can improve patient flow management. Future research should compare treatment effectiveness concerning hospitalisation duration to develop optimal strategies for specific patient groups.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Analysis of Hospital Length of Stay in Each Diagnostic -Related Groups (DRGs) Carried Out Using the Smart Hospital Research Application

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Pulp cavity perforation is defined as pathological connection between root canal system and external surface of the tooth. This iatrogenic pulp chamber injury may have serious implications on the success of root canal treatment. The sealing of perforation is crucial for good prognosis of the treated tooth. The ideal material for sealing perforations in the pulp cavity should be characterized by a good adhesion, lack of sensitivity to tissue fluids, volume stability, radiopacity on radiographs and excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. To date the most well -known bioceramic material to is mineral trioxide aggregate. Due to over thirty years of its application in endodontics, it is called the „gold standard” for perforation repair. Recently, many new bioceramic materials have been developed and introduced to dentistry and endodontics, showing promising clinical results. One of the materials successfully used for pulp chamber floor perforation repair is Biodentine. According to the manufacturers, Biodentine has a much shorter setting time compared to other bioceramic cements, and also has better mechanical properties and is easier to use. The aim of the article is to analyse the available research and compare the properties of those bioceramic materials in a perforation sealing procedure. Based on the analysis of the current literature, it can be concluded that mineral trioxide aggregate is still the most proven and tested material among bioceramic materials, but Biodentine is a good alternative as it is relatively easy to manipulate but also has predictable clinical results.</p>
</abstract>

The Use of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine in Furcal Perforations Sealing – A Review Article

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Journal of Health Study and Medicine

The Journal of Health Study and Medicine (JHSM) is dedicated to publish original scientific articles about all aspects of medicine, covering significant developments in the field of medical sciences, as well as a wide range of issues concerning health study and related research areas. By extending the primary scope, it is an interdisciplinary journal that bridges computer science and medicine. This allows to present the latest scientific achievements together with engineering innovations that drive the progress of medicine, such as healthcare robots, smart wearable devices, intelligent diagnostic systems, telemedicine, and medical applications focusing on artificial intelligence (AI). The AI applications may concern medical image recognition, diagnostics, individually adapted therapies, health risk assessment, virtual nursing assistants, healthcare administration, healthcare analytics, and much more. In addition, the journal covers full spectrum of medical sciences and applied AI methods such as expert systems, artificial neural networks, including deep learning, fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy systems, hybrid intelligent systems, and others. Other relevant fields such as bioinformatics, biocybernetics, and biomedical engineering, are also relevant to the scope of this journal.  Moreover, the journal is open to presenting issues at the intersection of medicine and social sciences, such as psychology, sociology, and management. In particular, we expect articles that will show the current situation of health care in individual countries (such topics as patient satisfaction with the quality of medical services and the work of medical staff, training of professional managers specialising in health care) or selected public health problems (e.g., quality of life with selected diseases, knowledge in the areas of prevention of selected diseases, etc.).   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 