<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Purpose</h3>
<p>The article proposes a taxonomy of knowledge-based and information and communication technology (ICT) networks based on a systematic literature review. The specific objectives focus on (1) presenting knowledge-based and ICT network models, indicating their theoretical context (trends); (2) identifying proposals for knowledge-based network models in the literature (based on SLR); (3) developing a taxonomy of knowledge-based network models; and (4) indicating the directions of their development.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>
<p>The systematic literature review (SLR) methodology was used, which allows not only for a formalized and objectified synthesis of the existing scientific achievements or for the evaluation of previous research. In addition, the “snowball” method was used, and its application was supported by the use of the ResearchRabbit tool. In addition, the taxonomy method (typological analysis, typological approach) was used.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Findings</h3>
<p>The results of SLR were presented: a list of selected types of knowledge-based and ICT networks along with a discussion of the results, and the author’s proposals for a taxonomy of knowledge-based and ICT networks were presented along with a synthetic description of the leading models. The directions of their development were also indicated.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Practical implications</h3>
<p>(*if any, optional). The practical usefulness of the proposal contained in the study is related to the possibility of using the proposed concept to evaluate various types of network models, which will enable the formulation of diagnostic findings and conducting comparative and dynamic research in the field of analysis and evaluation of knowledge-based and ICT-based network models.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Originality/value</h3>
<p>The added value of the article is related to the development of a proprietary taxonomy of knowledge- and ICT-based networks and, consequently, to the organization and systematization of models of these networks. This taxonomy is a valuable tool for organizing and categorizing information systematically. When it comes to knowledge and ICT-based networks, a taxonomy can help classify and understand the different types and components involved in starting point division into network models that were created as a result of the virtualization process and models that were created as a result of exchange processes and the flow of intangible assets. The added value is also related to the practical usefulness of the developed taxonomy.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Knowledge and ICT based networks: towards a taxonomy

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Purpose</h3>
<p>The 21st century is an era of rapidly expanding digitization in which cyber security is a key global challenge. Digitization creates cyber security risks. One of the problems of cyber security are issues related to accessibility of an organization's systems. The subject of this article is the management of an enterprise in the digital age. Digital amenities simultaneously generate new development opportunities and dynamic progress for enterprises, which are also susceptible to the threats occurring in cyberspace. The analytical goal was to identify the determinants of enterprise management in the context of their operation in cyberspace, which is characterized by a lack of borders, dynamism, and anonymity, and represents one of the most expanding areas of threats in the modern world.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>
<p>In achieving the goal, the starting point was to present the cyber security of the business entity as an area that has a decisive impact on the management of the company in the digital age. Then, in order to analyse the actual market situation, part of the survey research on cyber security in the business unit was presented. In May 2022, survey research using a questionnaire method by the author of this article with the use of a telephone interview was conducted on behalf of the IPC Research Institute Ltd. based in Wroclaw. The survey was conducted on a sample of 100 enterprises from various industries operating on the territory of the Republic of Poland. The following research methods and techniques were used in the article: survey methods, induction methods as a form of going from the particular to the general, analytical methods, deduction method as a form of generalization and inference, literature analysis.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Findings</h3>
<p>Research has confirmed that the cyber security of the business unit is a key determinant in the digital age. The publication indicates the need to conduct and develop research on the determination, analysis, and presentation of mechanisms for managing the business unit in the area of cyber security as a security protection in the digital age.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Originality/value</h3>
<p>The value of the article is the analysis of the author's survey conducted on a sample of 100 companies from various industries operating in the Republic of Poland, and the identification of cyber security as one of the main challenges in the digital age. The article is addressed to executives in order to make them aware of the need to conduct an ongoing analysis of the company's performance in cyberspace in order to locate weak areas of operations and adjust the strategy accordingly to the company's capabilities and goals.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Determinants of business management in the digital age

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Purpose</h3>
<p>The main aim of the article was to examine Polish students’ awareness about MOOCs. For this purpose, the following issues were examined: the percentage of students aware of the existence of free courses, the percentage of students who have used the courses, the most popular educational platforms among Polish students, the percentage of people who did not complete a course, and the reasons for failure. Students who had completed any MOOC were also asked about their experiences and the usefulness of the course.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Methodology</h3>
<p>The study was conducted in October/November 2022 in the form of an online survey. The generated link to the survey was sent by e-mail to students of the Jagiellonian University, the College of Engineering and Health in Warsaw and the Gdańsk College of Health, with a request to complete.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Findings</h3>
<p>The results obtained may be surprising, especially after looking at the situation of MOOCs in other parts of the world. The knowledge about the availability of MOOC courses among Polish students is very low. Only 61 people of all respondents knew beforehand that MOOC learning was a possibility.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Originality</h3>
<p>The added value of the article is examination of the motivation of students to take a MOOC course, as well as the reasons for not completing the course or not participating in it. The conclusions of the survey may be useful for designers of MOOCs. They set out some good practices in remote education and ways to keep young people interested.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

MOOC awareness and utilization among students of selected Polish universities

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The Smart World is a specific operational environment that encompasses, with its sophisticated techno-technological, ecological, social, and organizational requirements, various entities, systems, and things, including socially and environmentally aware people and their cognitive thinking. This dynamic technological, social, and cultural development and the solutions implemented in the companies that it drives are resulting in changing management paradigms, new business models, and the development of new types of organizations. One of these is the SMART organization, which can provide a real benchmark for the development processes of other organizations. The basis of its effective functioning is relational intelligence, which contributes to building and utilizing the right relational capital of the organization. Given the above, the aim of the study was to identify the essence of the areas and forms of impact of relational intelligence (RI) on selected elements of relational capital (RC), as well as to attempt to assess the maturity of the application of RI in the practice of enterprises using the example of the SMART organization.</p>
<p>In order to realize the set objectives, a survey was conducted among smart enterprises operating in Poland (N=327). The research revealed the types of relationships established by smart organizations, assessed their relational capital, and looked at the role of relational intelligence in the process of building RC.</p>
<p>The author's model of relational intelligence is proposed; it explores how relational intelligence (based on emotional and ethical capacities) can guide leadership behavior in interactions, helping leaders deal with complex ethical and cultural dilemmas and make balanced and responsible decisions.</p>
<p>The authors conclude that relational intelligence can support global leaders in addressing leadership challenges, leading them to interact appropriately across boundaries and build sustainable and trusting relationships with different stakeholders. The research findings collected have helped to take a first step towards a better understanding of the importance and maturity of the RI of smart organizations in their relationships with different types of stakeholders in this group of companies. The visualization of this data on the Relational Intelligence Maturity Map indicates, on the one hand, the basis for the success of the studied group of companies (relationships with high and fairly high levels of IRI activation) and, on the other hand, serves as an inspiration for other organizations in terms of what kind of relationships to develop, as well as why, where, and how to activate their RI more strongly in order to strengthen their RC.</p>
</abstract>

The maturity of using the organization’s relational intelligence in the processes of building relational capital: a smart organization example

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Purpose</h3>
<p>The human influence on the environment and its protection are subjects of marketing communication, and numerous regulations were issued to control the “green” messages. The popularity of such practices makes it essential to compare the reactions to green marketing and greenwashing in two European societies and to check how “green” awareness of European consumers translates into behavior.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Design/method/approach</h3>
<p>The review of literature and decisions regulating green marketing is followed by a CAWI study of the French and Polish young consumers ecological attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. ANOVA and linear regression methods were used to analyze data.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Findings</h3>
<p>The French young consumers are more pro-environmentally focused than Poles and display more robust skepticism toward sustainable claims. The Poles, more than the French, focus on the products' primary functions. Both groups show higher levels of spontaneous awareness of greenwashing than average consumers in those two countries. Our hypotheses about relationships of ecological attitudes with purchase intentions and behavior were supported. Surprisingly, there was a negative relation between French nationality and environmental behaviors.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Originality/Value</h3>
<p>There is a regional market segment of European consumers from Generation Z who react similarly to green marketing claims and reject the greenwashing actions. They are highly environmentally aware, but the relationships between their eco-attitudes and behaviors, albeit significant, are weak.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Practical implications</h3>
<p>The marketers aiming their activity at the young customer segment should not expect an immediate influence of ecological attitudes on behaviors. This market segment can instead become a powerful influencing group among their societies.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Green Marketing and Greenwashing in Poland and France, a Comparison of Consumer Reactions

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The study attempts to estimate the causal relationship between foreign company ownership and wages that is driven by ownership per se, and not by observable or unobservable worker and firm characteristics. We employ proprietary data from surveys conducted by Sedlak &amp; Sedlak, a major Polish HR consulting firm, with our pooled cross-section data set comprising over 300,000 men and 250,000 women working in the Polish labor market between 2013 and 2017. The foreign-firm wage premium is estimated by several techniques, ranging from ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares to a recently developed frequentist RX-2SLS econometric procedure that relaxes IV assumptions via the exclusion restriction. Our major findings are: (1) regardless of gender, Polish workers employed by majority foreign capital firms earn a significant wage premium; and (2) the foreign-firm wage premium is substantially larger for women, suggesting that the wage policies used by foreign-owned firms in Poland have an equalizing effect on the gender wage gap.</p>
</abstract>

Foreign ownership and gender differences in pay: causal evidence from a sample of Polish workers

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Purpose</h3>
<p>The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we present links between organizational climate and open strategy, integrating existing scholarship to show that a specific type of climate supports open strategy. Second, we offer the initial conceptualization of an “open climate” and define a ground for future research on the topic.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>
<p>To collect more comprehensive, valuable, and diversified data, we applied a combination of individual in-depth interviews (IDI), dyad and FGI with technological startup managers.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Findings</h3>
<p>Based on the pilot study, we obtained insights into both the initial conceptualization of an open climate and research design suggestions for future substantive studies on open climate in organizations that can facilitate further advancements.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Originality/value</h3>
<p>The main theoretical contributions and originality of our work are twofold. First, we offer an initial conceptualization of an open climate and its dimensions. Second, we provide several methodological insights for further open climate studies.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Open climate in organizations – insights from a pilot study

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Purpose</h3>
<p>Training is an important element of human resource management (HRM) at co-operative financial institutions (CFIs), affecting their performance and their implementation of co-operative principles. Nevertheless, this topic has been fairly unexplored in the literature. In particular, we do not know how training affects turnover intention and how this influence is moderated by employee characteristics like membership (i.e., holding employer shares) and age. Thus, the aim of this article is to examine the impact of training on turnover intention, taking into account employee membership and age.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>
<p>The research hypotheses were formulated using the framework of social exchange (SET) theory and were verified using a sample of more than 1,500 employees sourced from 42 Polish co-operative banks in 2017. The analysis involved two-level linear regression models with two- and three-way moderation.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Findings</h3>
<p>The results indicate that training decreases turnover intention in CFIs. Moreover, this effect appears to be stronger for employee-members than for non-members. Furthermore, moderation through membership only applies to older employees, whereas, among younger employees, there is no difference between members and non-members.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Originality/value</h3>
<p>By investigating the effects of training within CFIs specifically, this article responds to calls to take context into greater account in HRM studies, and also helps find moderators to explain the ambiguity of existing studies about the impact of training on turnover. Moreover, the article makes an important contribution to the co-operative literature by analysing the role of membership in shaping employee turnover intention.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

The influence of training, membership and employee age on turnover intention in co-operative financial institutions

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 60 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

Volume 59 (2023): Issue 4 (December 2023)

Volume 59 (2023): Issue 3 (September 2023)

Volume 59 (2023): Issue 2 (June 2023)

Volume 59 (2023): Issue 1 (March 2023)

Volume 58 (2022): Issue 4 (December 2022)

Volume 58 (2022): Issue 3 (September 2022)

Volume 58 (2022): Issue 2 (June 2022)

Volume 58 (2022): Issue 1 (March 2022)

Volume 57 (2021): Issue 4 (December 2021)

Volume 57 (2021): Issue 3 (September 2021)

Volume 57 (2021): Issue 2 (June 2021)

Volume 57 (2021): Issue 1 (March 2021)

International Journal of Contemporary Management

 The International Journal of Contemporary Management (IJCM) aims to contribute to the development of research, new insights and the challenges to current thinking around the field of contemporary management. IJCM publishes empirical research, conceptual and thought pieces from both researchers and practitioners that focus on the subject of contemporary management across national boundaries and diverse cultures. The aim of IJCM is to provide up-to-date information on new developments and trends within contemporary management, and to enable a community of researchers and practitioners to exchange their diversity and inclusion ideas, develop and contribute to current research agendas and to progress the development of both the theoretically and practical notions of contemporary management within various emerging, and non-maintained contexts. This is an open, multidisciplinary forum welcoming articles that cross discipline boundaries and/or address contemporary management.　  IJCM invites conceptual papers alongside empirical research irrespective of whether a qualitative or quantitative approach is used. However, it is key to the ethos of the journal that all manuscripts include some organizational aspect to "management". 　  Subject areas include, but are not limited to:　   management: managers, leadership, and managing　  values, attitudes, emotions, the culture of the contemporary manager　  the environment of contemporary management　  ethics of contemporary management　  managing in the global environment　  decision making, planning, strategy, learning, creativity, entrepreneurship　  organizational control, change, motivation performance 　  managing critical organizational processes　  promoting effective communication　  advanced information technology within contemporary management.   Publication of a paper is free for authors. The journal has been published continuously since 2002. Archival issues available here: www.ejournals.eu/ijcm.   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 