Analysis of the Class 1 Integrons, Carbapenemase Genes and Biofilm Formation Genes Occurrence in Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Primers used in this study_

Primer	Primer sequence (5’–3’)	Target gene	References
intF	CCAAGCTCTCGGGTAACATC	intI1	Wang et al. 2023
P2R	CCCGAGGCATAGACTGTA
5CS	GGCATCCAAGCAGCAAG	variable region	Wang et al. 2023
3CS	AAGCAGACTTGACCTGA
AACF	ATCTCATATCGTCGAGTGG	aac(6’)-Ib	Wang et al. 2023
AACR	TGCGTGTTCGCTCGAATGC
AADAF	GCAGCGCAATGACATTCTTG	aadA1	Wang et al. 2023
AADAR	ATCCTTCGGCGCGATTTTG
CATF	TTACTCTGGCTACTATCAC	catB8	Wang et al. 2023
CATR	TGATGGCATAAGGCTCTAC
KPC-F	CGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTG	blaKPC	Wang et al. 2023
KPC-R	CTTGTCATCCTTGTTAGGCG
VIM-F	GATGGTGTTTGGTCGCATA	blaVIM	Wang et al.2023
VIM-R	CGAATGCGCAGCACCAG
NDM-F	GGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTC	blaNDM	Wang et al. 2023
NDM-R	CGGAATGGCTCATCACGATC
OXA-23-like-F	CCGTCGTTTACGACATTCA	blaOXA-23-like	Wang et al.2023
OXA-23-like-R	AAAGAGCGCATTGCTTTGAT
IMP-F	GGAATAGAGTGGCTTAAYTCTC	blaIMP	Wang et al.2023
IMP-R	GGTTTAAYAAAACAACCACC
bfmS-F	ATATATGCGGGGCTGGTAATTC	bfms	Cai et al. 2017
bfmS-R	ATGCAGGTGCTTTTTTATTGGT
cusE-F	ATGCATGTTCTCTGGACTGATGTTGAC	cusE	Cai et al. 2017
cusE-R	CGACTTGTACCGTGACCGTATCTTGATAAG
bap-F	CGTTTCCTGGGTCTGATGTATT	bap	Cai et al. 2017
bap-R	GTTATTGAAGGCTTCTTTAGTG
abal-F	GTGGCTCAAGACAGAGAATC	abal	Wang and Ye 2021
abal-R	TCAATCATCATTGGTGGACC		This study

Virulence- and resistance-gene-carrying status of CRAB and CSAB_

Genes	CRAB (n = 219)	CSAB (n = 50)	p
abal +	204	19	0*
–	15	31
bfmS +	140	31	0.798
–	79	19
bap +	193	5	0*
–	26	45
cusE +	170	24	0*
–	49	26
blaOXA-23-like +	218	0	0*
–	1	50

Resistance rates of CRAB and CSAB isolates to commonly used antibiotics_

Antibiotics	CRAB (n = 219)		CSAB (n = 50)		p
	No.	Rate (%)	No.	Rate (%)
CAZ	218	99.54	6	12.00	0.000*
CIP	217	99.09	6	12.00	0.000*
TOB	206	94.06	6	12.00	0.000*
DOX	216	98.63	6	12.00	0.000*
SXT	166	75.80	8	16.00	0.000*
LVX	175	79.91	5	10.00	0.000*
AMK	131	59.82	6	12.00	1.000
FEP	169	77.17	6	12.00	0.384
MNO	78	35.62	2	4.00	0.000*
TGC	11	5.02	0	0.00	0.226
COL	3	1.37	0	0.00	1.000

Correlation between class 1 integron and antibiotic resistant rates in 219 CRAB isolates_

Antibiotics	intI1(+) (n = 75)		intI1(−) (n = 144)		p
	No.	Rate (%)	No.	Rate (%)
CAZ	75	100	143	99.31	1.000
CIP	75	100	142	98.61	0.548
TOB	75	100	132	91.67	0.009*
DOX	74	98.67	142	98.61	1.000
SXT	73	97.33	93	64.58	0.000*
LVX	62	82.67	113	78.47	0.462
AMK	58	77.33	78	54.17	0.001*
FEP	44	58.67	125	86.81	0.000*
MNO	36	48	42	29.17	0.006*
TGC	1	1.33	10	6.94	0.103
COL	1	1.33	2	1.39	1.000

Correlation between class 1 integron and virulence and resistance genes in 219 CRAB isolates_

Genes	intI1(+) (n = 75)	intI1(–) (n = 144)	p
abal +	75	129	0.003*
–	0	15
bfmS +	53	87	0.134
–	22	57
bap +	72	121	0.009*
–	3	23
cusE +	53	116	0.088
–	22	28
blaOXA-23-like +	75	143	1.000
–	0	1

Correlations between virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in 219 CRAB isolates_

Antibiotics	abal			bfmS			cusE			bap
	+ (n = 204)	– (n = 15)	p	+ (n = 140)	– (n = 79)	p	+ (n = 170)	– (n = 49)	p	+ (n = 193)	– (n = 26)	p
MNO	72	6	0.782	47	31	0.4	59	19	0.6	68	10	0.747
DOX	201	15	1	139	77	0.296	168	48	0.534	191	25	0.317
SXT	154	12	1	98	68	0.008*	124	42	0.066	145	21	0.528
CIP	202	15	1	139	78	1	168	49	1	192	25	0.224
LVX	163	12	1	109	66	0.313	141	34	0.037*	152	23	0.246
TOB	191	15	0.607	129	77	0.142	161	45	0.494	185	21	0.011*
AMK	125	6	0.105	79	52	0.173	96	35	0.06	119	12	0.13
TGC	11	0	1	9	2	0.335	9	2	1	11	0	0.369
CAZ	203	15	1	139	79	1	169	49	1	192	26	1
FEP	156	13	0.74	112	57	0.184	141	28	0*	148	21	0.641
COL	3	0	1	2	1	1	2	1	0.534	2	1	0.317

Results of multilocus sequence typing (MLST)_

Oxford	ST	gltA	gyrB	gdhB	recA	cpn60	gpi	rpoD
	3272	1	12	56	1	1	385	26
Pasteur	ST	cpn60	fusA	gltA	pyrG	recA	rplB	rpoB
	2520	3	2	2	2	3	4	95