Validation of the Slovenian Version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire for Children (MIQ-C): A Measurement Tool to Assess the Imagery Ability of Motor Tasks in Children

Figure 1.

Descriptive statistics for the motor imagery scores: kinaesthetic and visual (internal and external) scales at Day 1 and Day 8_

Dimensions	n	Mean	Standard deviation
Day 1 (test)
KI	100	4.67	1.28
IVI	100	5.32	1.09
EVI	100	5.26	1.32
VI-comb	100	5.29	1.08
Day 8 (re-test)
KI	100	4.59	1.24
IVI	100	5.26	1.10
EVI	100	5.15	1.16
VI-comb	100	5.21	0.95

Results of exploratory factor analysis for the Slovenian version of the MIQ-C_

Component	Initial Eigenvalues			Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings
	Total	% of Variance	Cumulative %	CV (%)	% of Variance	Cumulative %
1	4.928	41.068	41.068	4.928	41.068	41.068
2	1.487	12.392	53.461	1.487	12.392	53.461
3	1.029	8.578	62.039	1.029	8.578	62.039
4	0.975	8.128	70.167
5	0.693	5.772	75.938
6	0.642	5.350	81.289
7	0.560	4.665	85.954
8	0.460	3.830	89.784
9	0.405	3.375	93.159
10	0.370	3.083	96.242
11	0.260	2.163	98.405
12	0.191	1.595	100.000

Between Day 1 and Day 8 reliability analysis of the kinaesthetic and visual (internal and external) motor imagery scales_

Variable	Day 1	Day 8	PANOVA	CV (%)	MDC	SEM	ICC (95% CI)
KI	4.67±1.28	4.59±1.24	0.296	10.5	0.56 points	0.40	0.90 (0.86–0.94)
IVI	5.32±1.09*	5.26±1.10*	0.308	7.0	0.44 points	0.31	0.92 (0.87–0.94)
EVI	5.26±1.32*	5.15±1.16*	0.132	6.4	0.55 points	0.39	0.90 (0.85–0.93)

Differences in imagery ability scores for kinaesthetic and visual (internal and external) scales considering participants’ gender and athletic status_ Data were presented as Means ± Standard Deviations (SD) for all participants assessed in Day 1 (n=100)_

Dimensions	Category	Number of subjects	Mean±SD	P value between groups
KI	Gender
	females	50	4.49±1.35
	males	50	4.84±1.21	0.970
	Athlete or non-athlete
	athlete	39	4.91±1.31
	non-athlete	61	4.50±1.24	0.083
IVI	Gender
	females	50	5.36±1.07
	males	50	5.28±1.13	0.388
	Athlete or non-athlete
	athlete	39	5.34±1.02
	non-athlete	61	5.25±1.13	0.661
EVI	Gender
	females	50	5.16±1.34
	males	50	5.38±1.32	0.890
	Athlete or non-athlete
	athlete	39	5.23±1.21
	non-athlete	61	5.21±1.37	0.964

MIQ-C confirmatory factor analysis goodness-of-fit indices for the models with a proper solution_

Model	Chi2	df	p	CFI	TLI	RMR/SRMR	RMSEA
Present Study
MODEL 1 (EVI vs. IVI vs. KI)	94.924	51	<0.001	0.90	0.87	0.114	0.09
MODEL 2 (EVI and IVI vs. KI)	115.028	53	<0.001	0.86	0.82	0.130	0.11
MODEL 3 (IVI and KI vs. EVI)	135.022	53	<0.001	0.81	0.77	0.162	0.12
Previous Study (25)
MODEL 1 (EVI vs. IVI vs. KI)	75.403	51	0.015	0.94	0.93	0.108	0.07
MODEL 2 (EVI and IVI vs. KI)	91.36	53	0.001	0.91	0.89	0.120	0.09
MODEL 3 (IVI and KI vs. EVI)	191.10	53	<0.001	0.67	0.59	0.332	0.18

Analysis of the means, standard deviations, minimum and maximum scores for each item at Day 1 (n=100 subjects)_

Items	Scale	Mean score	Standard deviation	Minimum score	Maximum score
1	KI	4.50	1.62	1	7
2	IV	5.04	1.59	1	7
3	EVI	5.30	1.62	1	7
4	KI	4.75	1.55	1	7
5	IV	4.95	1.70	1	7
6	EVI	5.33	1.55	1	7
7	KI	4.76	1.66	1	7
8	IV	5.60	1.36	1	7
9	EVI	5.13	1.70	1	7
10	KI	4.67	1.62	1	7
11	IV	5.70	1.27	1	7
12	EVI	5.30	1.67	1	7