Mycelium-Based Leather: A Review on Post-Processing Treatments and Material Enhancements

Textile and fashion industry is one of the most polluting industrial sectors in the world, responsible for high greenhouse gas emissions and water contamination. Leather tanning is a non-eco-friendly process, which consumes large amounts of water and energy while potentially releasing heavy metals and toxic compounds into the environment. Although synthetic leather offers simplified production processes, it is derived from fossil fuels and is non-biodegradable, raising further environmental concerns. Filamentous fungi, with their ability to form leather-like biomaterials through controlled fermentation, represent a promising and sustainable alternative. Critical parameters like fungi species selection, nutrient composition, growth conditions and treatment techniques are analysed. Distinct types of post-processing treatments that can enhance mechanical performance, durability, and water resistance are discussed highlighting the potential of mycelium-based materials as a sustainable alternative to conventional leather.