Accès libre

Air Pollution and Migration in European Cities

,  et   
08 sept. 2025
À propos de cet article

Citez
Télécharger la couverture

Ajzen, I. 1991. The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 (2), 179–211. DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T. Ajzen I. 1991 . The Theory of Planned Behavior . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 50 ( 2 ), 179 211 . 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Alscher, S. 2011. Environmental Degradation and Migration on Hispaniola Island. International Migration, 49 (s1), 164–188. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2010.00664.x. Alscher S. 2011 . Environmental Degradation and Migration on Hispaniola Island . International Migration , 49 ( s1 ), 164 188 . 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2010.00664.x . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Balcar, J. and Šulák, J. 2020. Urban Environmental Quality and Out-Migration Intentions. The Annals of Regional Science, 66, 579–607. DOI: 10.1007/s00168-020-01030-1. Balcar J. Šulák J. 2020 . Urban Environmental Quality and Out-Migration Intentions . The Annals of Regional Science , 66 , 579 607 . 10.1007/s00168-020-01030-1 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Bansak, C., Simpson, N. and Zavodny, M. 2021. The Economics of Immigration. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 449 pp. ISBN 978-0-367-43442-7. Bansak C. Simpson N. Zavodny M. 2021 . The Economics of Immigration . 2nd ed. London : Routledge , 449 pp. ISBN 978-0-367-43442-7. Search in Google Scholar

Barro, R. J. 2001. Human Capital and Growth. American Economic Review, 91 (2), 12–17. DOI: 10.1257/aer.91.2.12. Barro R. J. 2001 . Human Capital and Growth . American Economic Review , 91 ( 2 ), 12 17 . 10.1257/aer.91.2.12 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Bozzo, S. R., Novak, K. M., Galdos, F., Hakoopian, R. and Hamilton, L. D. 1979. Mortality, Migration, Income and Air Pollution: A Comparative Study. Social Science & Medicine. Part D: Medical Geography, 13 (2), 95–109. DOI: 10.1016/0160-8002(79)90056-X. Bozzo S. R. Novak K. M. Galdos F. Hakoopian R. Hamilton L. D. 1979 . Mortality, Migration, Income and Air Pollution: A Comparative Study . Social Science & Medicine. Part D: Medical Geography , 13 ( 2 ), 95 109 . 10.1016/0160-8002(79)90056-X . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cai, R., Feng, S., Oppenheimer, M. and Pytliková, M. 2016. Climate Variability and International Migration: The Importance of the Agricultural Linkage. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 79, 135–151. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2016.06.005. Cai R. Feng S. Oppenheimer M. Pytliková M. 2016 . Climate Variability and International Migration: The Importance of the Agricultural Linkage . Journal of Environmental Economics and Management , 79 , 135 151 . 10.1016/j.jeem.2016.06.005 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cebula, R. J. and Vedder, R. K. 1973. A Note on Migration, Economic Opportunity, and the Quality of Life. Journal of Regional Science, 13 (2), 205–211. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9787.1973.tb00395.x. Cebula R. J. Vedder R. K. 1973 . A Note on Migration, Economic Opportunity, and the Quality of Life . Journal of Regional Science , 13 ( 2 ), 205 211 . 10.1111/j.1467-9787.1973.tb00395.x . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Chen, S., Oliva, P. and Zhang, P. 2022. The Effect of Pollution on Migration: Evidence from China. Journal of Development Economics, 156, 102833. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.102833. Chen S. Oliva P. Zhang P. 2022 . The Effect of Pollution on Migration: Evidence from China . Journal of Development Economics , 156 , 102833 . 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.102833 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Chu, Y., Liu, Y., Lu, Y., Yu, L., Lu, H., Guo, Y., Liu, F., Wu, Y., Mao, Z., Ren, M., Li, N., Chen, X. and Xiang, H. 2017. Propensity to Migrate and Willingness to Pay Related to Air Pollution among Different Populations in Wuhan, China. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17, 752–760. DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2016.05.0178. Chu Y. Liu Y. Lu Y. Yu L. Lu H. Guo Y. Liu F. Wu Y. Mao Z. Ren M. Li N. Chen X. Xiang H. 2017 . Propensity to Migrate and Willingness to Pay Related to Air Pollution among Different Populations in Wuhan, China . Aerosol and Air Quality Research , 17 , 752 760 . 10.4209/aaqr.2016.05.0178 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cui, C., Wang, Z., He, P., Yuan, S., Niu, B., Kang, P. and Kang, C. 2019. Escaping from Pollution: The Effect of Air Quality on Inter-city Population Mobility in China. Environmental Research Letters, 14 (12), 124025. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab5039. Cui C. Wang Z. He P. Yuan S. Niu B. Kang P. Kang C. 2019 . Escaping from Pollution: The Effect of Air Quality on Inter-city Population Mobility in China . Environmental Research Letters , 14 ( 12 ), 124025 . 10.1088/1748-9326/ab5039 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

DeGolyer, M. E. 2008. Hong Kong’s Silent Epidemic: Public Opinion Survey on Air Pollution, Environment & Public Health – 2008 [online]. Research report. Hong Kong: Civic Exchange. Available at: https://civic-exchange.org/report/hong-kongs-silent-epidemic-public-opinion-survey-on-air-pollution-environment-and-public-health-2008/ DeGolyer M. E. 2008 . Hong Kong’s Silent Epidemic: Public Opinion Survey on Air Pollution, Environment & Public Health – 2008 [online]. Research report. Hong Kong : Civic Exchange . Available at: https://civic-exchange.org/report/hong-kongs-silent-epidemic-public-opinion-survey-on-air-pollution-environment-and-public-health-2008/ Search in Google Scholar

de Vaus, D. 2014. Surveys in Social Research. 6th ed. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-53015-6. de Vaus D. 2014 . Surveys in Social Research . 6th ed. New York : Routledge . ISBN 978-0-415-53015-6 . Search in Google Scholar

European Commission (EC). 2007. Survey on Perceptions of Quality of Life in 75 European Cities [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/policy/themes/urban-development/audit_en European Commission (EC) . 2007 . Survey on Perceptions of Quality of Life in 75 European Cities [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/policy/themes/urban-development/audit_en Search in Google Scholar

European Commission (EC). 2010. Survey on Perceptions of Quality of Life in 75 European Cities [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/policy/themes/urban-development/audit_en European Commission (EC) . 2010 . Survey on Perceptions of Quality of Life in 75 European Cities [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/policy/themes/urban-development/audit_en Search in Google Scholar

European Commission (EC). 2013. Quality of Life in Cities: Perception Survey in 79 European Cities [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/policy/themes/urban-development/audit_en European Commission (EC) . 2013 . Quality of Life in Cities: Perception Survey in 79 European Cities [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/policy/themes/urban-development/audit_en Search in Google Scholar

European Commission (EC). 2016. Quality of Life in European Cities [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/policy/themes/urban-development/audit_en European Commission (EC) . 2016 . Quality of Life in European Cities [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/policy/themes/urban-development/audit_en Search in Google Scholar

European Commission (EC). 2020. Report on the Quality of Life in European Cities [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/information-sources/maps/quality-of-life_en European Commission (EC) . 2020 . Report on the Quality of Life in European Cities [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/information-sources/maps/quality-of-life_en Search in Google Scholar

European Environmental Agency (EEA). 2019a. Healthy Environment, Healthy Lives: How the Environment Influences Health and Well-being in Europe [online]. Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/healthy-environment-healthy-lives European Environmental Agency (EEA) . 2019a . Healthy Environment, Healthy Lives: How the Environment Influences Health and Well-being in Europe [online]. Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/healthy-environment-healthy-lives Search in Google Scholar

European Environmental Agency (EEA). 2019b. Air Quality in Europe – 2019 Report [online]. Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2019 European Environmental Agency (EEA) . 2019b . Air Quality in Europe – 2019 Report [online]. Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2019 Search in Google Scholar

European Environmental Agency (EEA). 2021. Air Quality Statistics – Expert Viewer [online]. Available at: https://www.eea. europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/air-quality-statistics-expert-viewer European Environmental Agency (EEA) . 2021 . Air Quality Statistics – Expert Viewer [online]. Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/air-quality-statistics-expert-viewer Search in Google Scholar

Eurostat. 2021a. Database: General and Regional Statistics: Perception Survey Results [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/urb_percep Eurostat . 2021a . Database: General and Regional Statistics: Perception Survey Results [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/urb_percep Search in Google Scholar

Eurostat. 2021b. Database: General and Regional Statistics: City Statistics: Cities and Greater Cities [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa. eu/eurostat/web/main/data/database Eurostat . 2021b . Database: General and Regional Statistics: City Statistics: Cities and Greater Cities [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/data/database Search in Google Scholar

Farzanegan, M. R., Gholipour, H. F. and Javadian, M. 2023. Air Pollution and Internal Migration: Evidence from Iranian Household Survey. Empirical Economics, 64, 223–247. DOI: 10.1007/s00181-022-02253-1. Farzanegan M. R. Gholipour H. F. Javadian M. 2023 . Air Pollution and Internal Migration: Evidence from Iranian Household Survey . Empirical Economics , 64 , 223 247 . 10.1007/s00181-022-02253-1 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Feng, S., Oppenheimer, M. and Schlenker, W. 2012. Climate Change, Crop Yields and Internal Migration in the United States [online]. NBER Working Paper No. 17734. Available at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17734. DOI: 10.3386/w17734. Feng S. Oppenheimer M. Schlenker W. 2012 . Climate Change, Crop Yields and Internal Migration in the United States [online]. NBER Working Paper No. 17734. Available at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17734 . 10.3386/w17734 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fidrmuc, J. and Huber, P. 2007. The Willingness to Migrate in the CEECs Evidence from the Czech Republic [online]. WIFO Working Papers No. 286. Available at: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/128822/1/wp_286.pdf Fidrmuc J. Huber P. 2007 . The Willingness to Migrate in the CEECs Evidence from the Czech Republic [online]. WIFO Working Papers No. 286. Available at: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/128822/1/wp_286.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Germani, A. R., Scaramozzino, P., Castaldo, A. and Talamo, G. 2021. Does Air Pollution Influence Internal Migration? An Empirical Investigation on Italian Provinces. Environmental Science & Policy, 120, 11–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.02.005. Germani A. R. Scaramozzino P. Castaldo A. Talamo G. 2021 . Does Air Pollution Influence Internal Migration? An Empirical Investigation on Italian Provinces . Environmental Science & Policy , 120 , 11 20 . 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.02.005 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Gödri, I. and Feleki, G. A. 2017. Selection of Migrants and Realization of Migration Intentions: Lessons from a Panel Study. Demográfia, 60 (5), 63–110. DOI: 10.21543/Dee.2017.3. Gödri I. Feleki G. A. 2017 . Selection of Migrants and Realization of Migration Intentions: Lessons from a Panel Study . Demográfia , 60 ( 5 ), 63 110 . 10.21543/Dee.2017.3 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Gray, C. L. 2011. Soil Quality and Human Migration in Kenya and Uganda. Global Environmental Change, 21 (2), 421–430. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.02.004. Gray C. L. 2011 . Soil Quality and Human Migration in Kenya and Uganda . Global Environmental Change , 21 ( 2 ), 421 430 . 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.02.004 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Gray, C. L. and Mueller, V. 2012. Natural Disasters and Population Mobility in Bangladesh. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109 (16), 6000–6005. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1115944109. Gray C. L. Mueller V. 2012 . Natural Disasters and Population Mobility in Bangladesh . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 109 ( 16 ), 6000 6005 . 10.1073/pnas.1115944109 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Guo, Q., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Yi, M. and Zhang, T. 2022. Environmental Migration Effects of Air Pollution: Micro-level Evidence from China. Environmental Pollution, 292 (A), 118263. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118263. Guo Q. Wang Y. Zhang Y. Yi M. Zhang T. 2022 . Environmental Migration Effects of Air Pollution: Micro-level Evidence from China . Environmental Pollution , 292 ( A ), 118263 . 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118263 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Harris, J. R. and Todaro, M. P. 1970. Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two-Sector Analysis. The American Economic Review, 60 (1), 126–142. Harris J. R. Todaro M. P. 1970 . Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two-Sector Analysis . The American Economic Review , 60 ( 1 ), 126 142 . Search in Google Scholar

Hsieh, C.-T. and Liu, B.-C. 1983. The Pursuance of Better Quality of Life: In the Long Run, Better Quality of Social Life Is the Most Important Factor in Migration. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 42 (4), 431–440. DOI: 10.1111/j.1536-7150.1983.tb01730.x. Hsieh C.-T. Liu B.-C. 1983 . The Pursuance of Better Quality of Life: In the Long Run, Better Quality of Social Life Is the Most Important Factor in Migration . American Journal of Economics and Sociology , 42 ( 4 ), 431 440 . 10.1111/j.1536-7150.1983.tb01730.x . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Isaifan, R. J. and Baldauf, R. W. 2020. Estimating Economic and Environmental Benefits of Urban Trees in Desert Regions. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 16. DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00016. Isaifan R. J. Baldauf R. W. 2020 . Estimating Economic and Environmental Benefits of Urban Trees in Desert Regions . Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution , 8 , 16 . 10.3389/fevo.2020.00016 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kim, B. 2019. Do Air Quality Alerts Affect Household Migration? Southern Economic Journal, 85 (3), 766–795. DOI: 10.1002/soej.12310. Kim B. 2019 . Do Air Quality Alerts Affect Household Migration? Southern Economic Journal , 85 ( 3 ), 766 795 . 10.1002/soej.12310 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Koubi, V., Spilker, G., Schaffer, L. and Bernauer, T. 2016. Environmental Stressors and Migration: Evidence from Vietnam. World Development, 79, 197–210. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.016. Koubi V. Spilker G. Schaffer L. Bernauer T. 2016 . Environmental Stressors and Migration: Evidence from Vietnam . World Development , 79 , 197 210 . 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.016 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lelieveld, J., Evans, J. S., Fnais, M., Giannadaki, D. and Pozzer, A. 2015. The Contribution of Outdoor Air Pollution Sources to Premature Mortality on a Global Scale. Nature, 525, 367–371. DOI: 10.1038/nature15371. Lelieveld J. Evans J. S. Fnais M. Giannadaki D. Pozzer A. 2015 . The Contribution of Outdoor Air Pollution Sources to Premature Mortality on a Global Scale . Nature , 525 , 367 371 . 10.1038/nature15371 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Levine, R., Lin, C. and Wang, Z. 2020. Pollution and Human Capital Migration: Evidence from Corporate Executives [online]. NBER Working Paper No. 24389. Available at: https://www.nber.org/papers/w24389. DOI: 10.3386/w24389. Levine R. Lin C. Wang Z. 2020 . Pollution and Human Capital Migration: Evidence from Corporate Executives [online]. NBER Working Paper No. 24389. Available at: https://www.nber.org/papers/w24389 . 10.3386/w24389 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Li, X., Chen, H. and Li, Y. 2020. The Effect of Air Pollution on Children’s Migration with Parents: Evidence from China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 12499–12513. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07831-3. Li X. Chen H. Li Y. 2020 . The Effect of Air Pollution on Children’s Migration with Parents: Evidence from China . Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 27 , 12499 12513 . 10.1007/s11356-020-07831-3 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Liu, Z. and Yu, L. 2020. Stay or Leave? The Role of Air Pollution in Urban Migration Choices. Ecological Economics, 177, 106780. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106780. Liu Z. Yu L. 2020 . Stay or Leave? The Role of Air Pollution in Urban Migration Choices . Ecological Economics , 177 , 106780 . 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106780 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Liu, X., Dong, X., Li, S., Ding, Y. and Zhang, M. 2021. Air Pollution and High Human Capital Population Migration: An Empirical Study Based on 35 Major Cities in China. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 643–652. DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2021.01.032. Liu X. Dong X. Li S. Ding Y. Zhang M. 2021 . Air Pollution and High Human Capital Population Migration: An Empirical Study Based on 35 Major Cities in China . Sustainable Production and Consumption , 27 , 643 652 . 10.1016/j.spc.2021.01.032 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lu, H., Yue, A., Chen, H. and Long, R. 2018. Could Smog Pollution Lead to the Migration of Local Skilled Workers? Evidence from the Jing-Jin-Ji Region in China. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 130, 177–187. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.11.024. Lu H. Yue A. Chen H. Long R. 2018 . Could Smog Pollution Lead to the Migration of Local Skilled Workers? Evidence from the Jing-Jin-Ji Region in China . Resources, Conservation & Recycling , 130 , 177 187 . 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.11.024 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Massey, D. S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A. and Taylor, J. E. 1993. Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal. Population and Development Review, 19 (3), 431–466. DOI: 10.2307/2938462. Massey D. S. Arango J. Hugo G. Kouaouci A. Pellegrino A. Taylor J. E. 1993 . Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal . Population and Development Review , 19 ( 3 ), 431 466 . 10.2307/2938462 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Mayda, A. M. 2010. International Migration: A Panel Data Analysis of the Determinants of Bilateral Flows. Journal of Population Economics, 23, 1249–1274. DOI: 10.1007/s00148-009-0251-x. Mayda A. M. 2010 . International Migration: A Panel Data Analysis of the Determinants of Bilateral Flows . Journal of Population Economics , 23 , 1249 1274 . 10.1007/s00148-009-0251-x . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Mikula, Š. and Pytliková, M. 2020. Air Pollution & Migration: Exploiting a Natural Experiment from the Czech Republic [online]. EconPol Working Paper No. 43. Available at: https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/EconPol_Working_ Paper_43_Air_Pollution_Migration.pdf Mikula Š. Pytliková M. 2020 . Air Pollution & Migration: Exploiting a Natural Experiment from the Czech Republic [online]. EconPol Working Paper No. 43. Available at: https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/EconPol_Working_Paper_43_Air_Pollution_Migration.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Pytliková, M. 2006. Where Did Central and Eastern European Emigrants Go and Why? [online]. Aarhus School of Business. Available at: https://pure.au. dk/portal/files/482/6_phdchap4_MP.pdf Pytliková M. 2006 . Where Did Central and Eastern European Emigrants Go and Why? [online]. Aarhus School of Business . Available at: https://pure.au.dk/portal/files/482/6_phdchap4_MP.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Qin, Y. and Zhu, H. 2018. Run Away? Air Pollution and Emigration Interests in China. Journal of Population Economics, 31, 235–266. DOI: 10.1007/s00148-017-0653-0. Qin Y. Zhu H. 2018 . Run Away? Air Pollution and Emigration Interests in China . Journal of Population Economics , 31 , 235 266 . 10.1007/s00148-017-0653-0 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Rizzo, E. 2018. Assessing the Impact of Air Pollution on Students’ Interest in Migration to the European Union: A Study on Students at the University of Macau [online]. Council for European Studies. Available at: https://www.europenowjournal.org/2018/10/01/assessing-the-impact-of-air-pollution-on-students-interest-in-migration-to-the-european-union-a-study-on-students-at-the-university-of-macau/ Rizzo E. 2018 . Assessing the Impact of Air Pollution on Students’ Interest in Migration to the European Union: A Study on Students at the University of Macau [online]. Council for European Studies . Available at: https://www.europenowjournal.org/2018/10/01/assessing-the-impact-of-air-pollution-on-students-interest-in-migration-to-the-european-union-a-study-on-students-at-the-university-of-macau/ Search in Google Scholar

Rüttenauer, T. and Best, H. 2020. Perceived Pollution and Residential Sorting in Germany: Income May Not Sort, But it Helps to Escape [online]. Center for Open Science, SocArXiv. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/socarx/wdu2n.html. DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/wdu2n. Rüttenauer T. Best H. 2020 . Perceived Pollution and Residential Sorting in Germany: Income May Not Sort, But it Helps to Escape [online]. Center for Open Science, SocArXiv . Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/socarx/wdu2n.html . 10.31219/osf.io/wdu2n . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Schultz, T. W. 1961. Investment in Human Capital. The American Economic Review, 51 (1), 1–17. Schultz T. W. 1961 . Investment in Human Capital . The American Economic Review , 51 ( 1 ), 1 17 . Search in Google Scholar

Sicard, P., Agathokleous, E., De Marco, A., Paoletti, E. and Calatayud, V. 2021. Urban Population Exposure to Air Pollution in Europe Over the Last Decades. Environmental Sciences Europe, 33, 28. DOI: 10.1186/s12302-020-00450-2. Sicard P. Agathokleous E. De Marco A. Paoletti E. Calatayud V. 2021 . Urban Population Exposure to Air Pollution in Europe Over the Last Decades . Environmental Sciences Europe , 33 , 28 . 10.1186/s12302-020-00450-2 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sjaastad, L. A. 1962. The Costs and Returns of Human Migration. Journal of Political Economy, 70 (5), 80–93. Sjaastad L. A. 1962 . The Costs and Returns of Human Migration . Journal of Political Economy , 70 ( 5 ), 80 93 . Search in Google Scholar

Šulák, J. 2019. Vybrané determinanty úbytku populace migrací v Moravskoslezském kraji. Acta academica karviniensia, 19 (3), 54–69. DOI: 10.25142/aak.2019.020. Šulák J. 2019 . Vybrané determinanty úbytku populace migrací v Moravskoslezském kraji . Acta academica karviniensia , 19 ( 3 ), 54 69 . 10.25142/aak.2019.020 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wang, F. and Wu, M. 2021. Does Air Pollution Affect the Accumulation of Technological Innovative Human Capital? Empirical Evidence from China and India. Journal of Cleaner Production, 285, 124818. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124818. Wang F. Wu M. 2021 . Does Air Pollution Affect the Accumulation of Technological Innovative Human Capital? Empirical Evidence from China and India . Journal of Cleaner Production , 285 , 124818 . 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124818 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

World Air Quality Index (IQAir). 2020. World’s Most Polluted Countries 2020 [online]. Available at: https://www.iqair.com/world-most-polluted-countries World Air Quality Index (IQAir) . 2020 . World’s Most Polluted Countries 2020 [online]. Available at: https://www.iqair.com/world-most-polluted-countries Search in Google Scholar

Xu, X. and Sylwester, K. 2016. Environmental Quality and International Migration. Kyklos: International Review for Social Sciences, 69 (1), 157–180. DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12107. Xu X. Sylwester K. 2016 . Environmental Quality and International Migration . Kyklos: International Review for Social Sciences , 69 ( 1 ), 157 180 . 10.1111/kykl.12107 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar