All patients |
82 |
41 |
41 |
|
Patients |
|
|
|
|
Age (years) mean, range |
66.8 (28–97) |
64.8 (28–91) |
68.8 (42–97) |
0.172a |
Male sex |
62 (76%) |
31 (76%) |
31 (76%) |
1.00c |
Body weight (kg) mean, range |
73.5 (35–143) |
71.9 (35–143) |
75.2 (43–110) |
0.512 a |
Body height (cm) mean, range |
172 (150–185) |
172 (150–185) |
173 (152–183) |
0.933a |
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean, range |
25.4 (12.7–37.6) |
24.2 (12.7–37.6) |
27.6 (19,4–35,5) |
0.178a |
The upper airway obstruction |
|
|
|
|
Respiratory distress duration (days), median, range |
6 (1–180) |
10.5 (1–90) |
3 (1–180) |
0.373b |
Causes of acute airway obstruction |
|
|
|
0.826c |
Laryngeal cancer |
24 (29%) |
12 (29%) |
12 (29%) |
|
Pharyngeal cancer |
20 (24%) |
8 (20%) |
12 (29%) |
|
Other cancers |
7 (9%) |
5 (12%) |
2 (5%) |
|
Inflammation |
16 (20%) |
8 (20%) |
8 (20%) |
|
Vocal cord paralysis |
13 (16%) |
7 (17%) |
6 (15%) |
|
Laryngotracheal stenosis |
2 (2%) |
1 (2%) |
1 (2%) |
|
Multiple causes |
22 (27%) |
11 (27%) |
11 (27%) |
1.000c |
Respiration space (mm) mean, range |
2.3 (1–5) |
2.5 (1–4) |
2.2 (1–5) |
0.635a |
Symptoms |
|
|
|
|
Dysphagia |
26 (32%) |
12 (29%) |
14 (34%) |
0.635c |
Trismus |
6 (7%) |
5 (12%) |
1 (2%) |
0.101d |
Pain |
19 (23%) |
8 (20%) |
11 (27%) |
0.432c |
Stridor |
|
|
|
0.504c |
Inspiratory |
31 (38%) |
17 (42%) |
14 (34%) |
|
Biphasic |
1 (1%) |
0 |
1 (2%) |
|
Previous treatment |
|
|
|
|
Surgery |
14 (17%) |
5 (12%) |
9 (22%) |
0.379d |
RT |
11 (13%) |
5 (12%) |
6 (15%) |
1.000d |
CRT |
11 (13%) |
5 (12%) |
6 (15%) |
1.000d |
Surgery |
|
|
|
|
Re-TS |
4 (5%) |
0 |
4 (10%) |
0.116d |
Cricothyrotomy |
6 (7%) |
3 (7%) |
3 (7%) |
1.000d |
Surgeon specialist |
68 (83%) |
34 (83%) |
34 (83%) |
1.000c |
Time-dependent aspect of TS |
|
|
0.806c |
|
Emergent |
59 (72%) |
29 (71%) |
30 (73%) |
|
Urgent |
23 (28%) |
12 (29%) |
11 (27%) |
|
Duration (hour) median, range |
0.75 (0.25–2.50) |
0.75 (0.25–2.5) |
0.88 (0.25–2) |
0.546b |
Anaesthesia |
|
|
|
1.000d |
Local |
5 (6%) |
2 (5%) |
3 (7%) |
|
General |
77 (94%) |
39 (95%) |
38 (93%) |
|
Duration (hour) median, range |
1.50 (0.75–3.25) |
1.5 (0.75–3.25) |
1.75 (1–3,25) |
0.198b |
ASA classification |
|
|
|
0.952c |
II |
6 (7%) |
3 (7%) |
3 (7%) |
|
III |
44 (53%) |
23 (56%) |
21 (51%) |
|
IV |
16 (20%) |
9 (22%) |
7 (17%) |
|
Unknown |
10 (20% |
6 (15%) |
10 (25%) |
|
Mallampati classification |
|
|
|
0.810 c |
I |
7 (9%) |
5 (12%) |
2 (5%) |
|
II |
10 (12%) |
6 (15%) |
4 (10%) |
|
III |
13 (16%) |
7 (17%) |
6 (14%) |
|
IV |
14 (17%) |
7 (17%) |
7 (17%) |
|
Unknown |
38 (46%) |
16 (39%) |
22 (54%) |
|
Mouth opening |
|
|
|
0.207d |
Inadequate |
7 (9%) |
6 (15%) |
1 (2%) |
|
Adequate |
34 (41%) |
18 (44%) |
16 (39%) |
|
Unknown |
41 (50%) |
17 (41%) |
24 (59%) |
|
Hyo/thyromental distance |
|
|
|
1.000c |
Insufficient |
5 (6%) |
3 (7%) |
2 (5%) |
|
Sufficient |
35 (43%) |
21 (51%) |
14 (34%) |
|
Unknown |
42 (51%) |
17 (42%) |
25 (61%) |
|
Endotracheal tube type |
|
|
|
0.072c |
Wire |
32 (39%) |
18 (44%) |
14 (34%) |
|
Straight |
4 (5%) |
4 (10%) |
0 |
|
Curved |
7 (8%) |
2 (5%) |
5 (12%) |
|
Unknown |
39 (48%) |
17 (41%) |
22 (54%) |
|
Orotracheal intubation |
|
|
|
0.043d* |
C-MAC laringoscope |
7 (9%) |
1 (3%) |
6 (15%) |
|
Laryngoscope |
60 (73%) |
35 (85%) |
25 (61%) |
|
Unknown |
15 (18%) |
5 (12%) |
10 (24%) |
|