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ISM model for assessing critical productivity factors in the Jordanian construction industry post-COVID-19 pandemic

Ala’a Saleh Alshdiefat
Ala’a Saleh Alshdiefat
   | 11 juin 2024
Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal's Cover Image
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Article Category: Research Paper
Publié en ligne: 11 juin 2024
Pages: 81 - 92
Reçu: 14 sept. 2023
Accepté: 05 avr. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2024-0006
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© 2024 Ala’a Saleh Alshdiefat, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Final ISM model of the productivity factors in the Jordanian construction projects post-COVID-19 pandemic. ISM, interpretive structural modelling.
Final ISM model of the productivity factors in the Jordanian construction projects post-COVID-19 pandemic. ISM, interpretive structural modelling.

Fig. 2

MICMAC analysis of productivity factors in Jordanian construction projects.
MICMAC analysis of productivity factors in Jordanian construction projects.

Ranked main productivity factors post-COVID-19 pandemic in Jordanian construction projects.

Factor Description Mean Std. deviation
P26 Material shortages 3.70 1.226
P3 Lack of empowerment (training/seminar) 3.51 1.249
P37 Late payment of salary 3.49 1.258
P40 Poor communication & coordination 3.49 1.330
P44 Improper planning & scheduling of work 3.48 1.212
P43 Variation in orders 3.43 1.116
P6 Lack of skill and experience of the Workers 3.41 1.203
P47 Poor work planning 3.40 1.208
P49 Lack of on-site cleanliness 3.38 1.227
P33 Low salary or underpaid 3.37 1.220
P41 Lack of leadership skill 3.36 0.929
P16 Lack of drawings availability, drawing errors, slow response to questions withdrawing 3.33 1.156
P36 Little or no financial rewards 3.28 1.191
P25 The poor condition of equipment and tools 3.26 1.197
P22 Workers adherence to safety measures and infection control 3.22 1.199
P27 Low quality of raw material 3.11 1.299
P19 Awareness of COVID-19 protocol 3.10 1.277
P2 Weather conditions 3.09 1.088
P1 Utilising traditional construction methods instead of modern technology 3.05 1.279
P29 Poor arrangement of materials 3.03 1.119
P31 Lack of appropriate equipment when needed or availability of inadequate equipment 3.02 0.994
P32 Lack of Materials when needed due to poor planning or delays in delivery times 3.02 1.234
P9 Changing instruction order 2.98 1.259
P46 Misunderstanding between the agency & contractor 2.98 1.300
P42 Lack of periodic meetings with labourers 2.93 1.385
P18 Improper observance of COVID-19 protocols 2.80 1.219
P50 Regulation and law 2.80 1.231
P38 Poor relations between labours and supervisors 2.76 1.203
P34 Lack of labour recognition 2.75 1.196
P23 Applicability to fully implicate social distancing in their workplace 2.73 1.122
P5 Poor relations among workers 2.57 1.159
P4 Low labourer’s morals/commitment 2.48 1.209
P17 Unsafe working conditions 2.48 1.316
P21 Accident awareness 2.48 1.215
P24 There is a proper use of PPE 2.45 1.280
P12 Changing of foreman 2.44 1.189
P45 Construction managers lack Leadership 2.41 1.319
P11 Poor or no supervision methods 2.30 1.239
P14 Supervisors’ absenteeism 2.27 1.279
P15 There is no mismatch between employee abilities and job demands 2.26 1.222
P8 Depend on hiring and employment of unskilled workers 2.25 1.192
P35 Lack of place for eating and resting 2.24 1.080
P28 Improper material storage location 2.21 1.137
P39 Lack of labour surveillance 2.21 1.316
P10 Inspection delay 2.20 1.183
P30 Lack of availability of required tools and machinery 2.18 1.259
P48 Overcrowded work areas 2.17 1.092
P20 Poor health of workers 1.92 1.169
P7 Increase in labourers’ age (above 40 years) 1.79 0.918
P13 Unskilled supervisors 1.69 0.769

The final levels of sustainable transportation indicators after six iterations.

Factors Factor name Level
P3 Lack of empowerment (training/seminar) 6
P40 Poor communication & coordination
P22 Workers will adhere to safety measures and infection control policy
P1 Utilising traditional construction methods instead of modern technology
P44 Improper planning & scheduling of work 5
P47 Poor work planning 4
P26 Material shortages 3
P43 Variation in orders
P6 Lack of skill and experience of the workers
P25 The poor condition of equipment and tools
P31 Lack of appropriate equipment when needed or availability of inadequate equipment
P32 Lack of materials when needed due to poor planning or delay in delivery times
P33 Low salary 2
P41 Lack of leadership skill
P16 Lack of drawings availability, drawing errors, slow response to questions withdrawing
P36 Little or no financial rewards
P19 Awareness of COVID-19 protocol
P37 Late payment of salary 1
P49 Lack of on-site cleanliness
P27 Low quality of raw material
P2 Weather conditions
P29 Poor arrangement of materials

Formation of SSIM.

P26 P3 P37 P40 P44 P43 P6 P47 P49 P33 P41 P16 P36 P25 P22 P27 P19 P2 P18 P29 P31 P32
P26 X O O X A A A X O O A O O O O A O A O A O O
P3 X O X X X X V V X A V X O X O X O X V V V
P37 X O A A O A O O A O O A O O O O O O O O
P40 X X X X X V O A V O O X O O O X V V V
P44 X V A X O O A X O O O O O O O V V V
P43 X O A O A O A O O O A O A O O O O
P6 X V V O X V O O V O V O V V O V
P47 X V O A V O O O O O O O V O V
P49 X A O A O A O O O A O A O O
P33 X O V O O O O O O O V O O
P41 X O V O V O V O V V V O
P16 X O A O O O O O O O O
P36 X O O O O O O O O O
P25 X O V O O O V X X
P22 X O A O X O O O
P27 X O A O A A A
P19 X O V O O O
P2 X O V O O
P1 X O O O
P29 X A A
P31 X X
P32 X
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