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Fig. 1:
The research methodology. LEED v4, Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design.
Fig. 2:
The plan layout of the studied school building (case study).
Fig. 3:
Revit model of school building (as case study).
Fig. 4:
School building orientation and sun path (case study).
Fig. 5:
School building GRC façade (3D Revit model).
Fig. 6:
Natural lighting distribution simulation results obtained with the use of Revit (Insight plug-in).
Fig. 7:
Natural lighting distribution simulation results using Revit (Insight plug-in) after modification of windows’ sizes.
Fig. 8:
Natural daylight availability percentage according to LEED v4 threshold. LEED v4, Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design.
Fig. 9:
Natural daylight availability percentage according to basic layout design.
Fig. 10:
Natural daylight availability percentage after window dimension modification.
Fig. 11:
Revit rendering of natural lighting of classroom C2, for window dimensions: (A) 1.40 m x 1.20 m and (B) 1.90 m x 1.70 m; an increase of 92% is performed in the area.
Fig. 12:
Revit rendering of natural lighting of teachers’ water closet, for the window dimensions: (A) 0.50 m x 0.90 m and (B) 1.50 m x 1.00 m; an increase of 422% is performed in the area.
Daylight illuminance values (after modification of window dimensions).
Classroom No.
Area (m2)
Windows’ properties (modified)
New daylight illuminance (Lux)
Illuminance percentage increased (%)
Compliance with LEED v4 requirements
L (m)
H (m)
Increased percentage of window area (%)
Assiss. room 1
16.79
2.30
1.90
73.4
745.11
59.13
Within 300–3,000 Lux
Assiss. room 2
16.79
2.30
1.90
73.4
745.11
59.16
Within 300–3,000 Lux
C1
39.18
4.10
1.90
54.6
630.81
47.99
Within 300–3,000 Lux
C11
39.18
4.10
1.90
54.6
574.73
45.04
Within 300–3,000 Lux
C12
35.05
4.10
1.90
54.6
554.79
42.49
Within 300–3,000 Lux
C10
37.52
4.10
1.90
54.6
525.85
39.98
Within 300–3,000 Lux
Teachers’ room
42.87
4.10
1.90
54.6
510.05
40.56
Within 300–3,000 Lux
C3
39.43
4.10
1.90
54.6
357.45
20.14
Within 300–3,000 Lux
C7
39.43
4.10
1.90
54.6
354.33
48.81
Within 300–3,000 Lux
C5
42.87
4.10
1.90
54.6
342.98
44.29
Within 300–3,000 Lux
C6
39.43
4.10
1.90
54.6
342.40
44.97
Within 300–3,000 Lux
C4
42.87
4.10
1.90
54.6
328.63
41.70
Within 300–3,000 Lux
C2
39.48
1.70
1.90
92.2
312.51
45.70
Within 300–3,000 Lux
W.C. teachers
53.55
0.90
0.50
0
301.20
347.88
Within 300–3,000 Lux
1.00
1.90
422
C8
39.96
4.10
1.90
54.6
81.24
69.57
<300 Lux
School’s shop
53.07
4.10
1.90
54.6
61.03
37.45
<300 Lux
C9
39.48
4.10
1.90
54.6
59.88
39.22
<300 Lux
Supervisor room
39.48
4.10
1.90
54.6
45.50
13.13
<300 Lux
Headmaster room
39.96
4.10
1.90
54.6
35.93
10.52
<300 Lux
Main hall
173.52
4.10
1.90
New window
22.16
1.93
<300 Lux
W.C. students
39.48
0.90
0.50
0
17.12
0.00
<300 Lux
Points for daylight floor area – sDA for schools, LEED v4 (Elkhapery et al. 2021).
sDA (for regularly occupied floor area)
Points
55%
2
75%
3
Daylight illuminance values according to the simulation results.