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Freeze-dried collagen nanocomposite sponges loaded with nicaraven-incorporated gelatin nanofibers for excisional diabetic wound healing: In vitro and in vivo studies

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30 juin 2025
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Figure 1

SEM images of nicaraven-loaded and nicaraven-free gelatin nanofibers.
SEM images of nicaraven-loaded and nicaraven-free gelatin nanofibers.

Figure 2

SEM images of NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges.
SEM images of NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges.

Figure 3

MTT assay with L929 cells cultured on NICGELCOL and GELCOL scaffolds during 5 days of culture on the scaffolds.
MTT assay with L929 cells cultured on NICGELCOL and GELCOL scaffolds during 5 days of culture on the scaffolds.

Figure 4

Swelling properties of NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges incubated in PBS for 24 h.
Swelling properties of NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges incubated in PBS for 24 h.

Figure 5

MTT assay with L929 cells cultured with 1% H2O2 and NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges. * shows p-value <0.05.
MTT assay with L929 cells cultured with 1% H2O2 and NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges. * shows p-value <0.05.

Figure 6

Radical scavenging activity of NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges compared with ascorbic acid as the control group.
Radical scavenging activity of NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges compared with ascorbic acid as the control group.

Figure 7

In vitro wound closure with L929 cells cultured with NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges on days 1 and 2. * shows p-value <0.05.
In vitro wound closure with L929 cells cultured with NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges on days 1 and 2. * shows p-value <0.05.

Figure 8

In vivo wound closure assay with NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges in diabetic rats on days 7 and 14 after wounding. * shows p-value <0.05.
In vivo wound closure assay with NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges in diabetic rats on days 7 and 14 after wounding. * shows p-value <0.05.

Figure 9

Histopathological studies in diabetic wounds treated with NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges and histomorphometric analysis. * shows p-value <0.05.
Histopathological studies in diabetic wounds treated with NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges and histomorphometric analysis. * shows p-value <0.05.

Figure 10

ELISA results demonstrating the tissue concentrations of IL6 and TNF-α in wound tissues treated with NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges. * shows p-value <0.05.
ELISA results demonstrating the tissue concentrations of IL6 and TNF-α in wound tissues treated with NICGELCOL and GELCOL sponges. * shows p-value <0.05.