Shear strengthening of deficient RC deep beams using NSM FRP system: Experimental and numerical investigation

[1] Li L, Khan M, Jiang X, Shakor P, Zhang Y. Editorial sustainable fiber reinforced cementitious composites for construction building materials. Front Mater. 2023;10:1–2. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2023.1237960. Li L Khan M Jiang X Shakor P Zhang Y . Editorial sustainable fiber reinforced cementitious composites for construction building materials . Front Mater . 2023 ; 10 : 1 – 2 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fmats.2023.1237960 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[2] Shakor, P. N., & Pimplikar, S. S.. Glass fibre reinforced concrete use in construction. (2011). Int. J. Technol. Eng. Syst, 2(2), 6. Shakor P. N. & Pimplikar S. S. . Glass fibre reinforced concrete use in construction . ( 2011 ). Int. J. Technol. Eng. Syst , 2 ( 2 ), 6 . Search in Google Scholar

[3] Abbas H, Almusallam T, Al-Salloum Y, Siddiqui N, Abadel A. TRM versus FRP as strengthening material for improving impact resistance of RC slabs. (2016). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2016-54737. Abbas H Almusallam T Al-Salloum Y Siddiqui N Abadel A . TRM versus FRP as strengthening material for improving impact resistance of RC slabs . ( 2016 ). Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1115/OMAE2016-54737 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[4] Al-Nimry HS, Ghanem AM. FRP confinement of heatdamaged circular RC columns. Int J Concr Struct Mater. 2017;11:115–133. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/S40069-016-0181-4/FIGURES/14. Al-Nimry HS Ghanem AM . FRP confinement of heatdamaged circular RC columns . Int J Concr Struct Mater . 2017 ; 11 : 115 – 133 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/S40069-016-0181-4/FIGURES/14 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[5] Mohamed OA, Kewalramani M, Khattab R. Fiber reinforced polymer laminates for strengthening of RC slabs against punching shear: a review. Polymers (Basel). 2020;12:685. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12030685. Mohamed OA Kewalramani M Khattab R . Fiber reinforced polymer laminates for strengthening of RC slabs against punching shear: a review . Polymers (Basel) . 2020 ; 12 : 685 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.3390/polym12030685 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[6] Dias SJE, Barros JAO. Shear strengthening of RC beams with NSM CFRP laminates: Experimental research and analytical formulation. Compos Struct. 2013;99:477–490. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPSTRUCT.2012.09.026. Dias SJE Barros JAO . Shear strengthening of RC beams with NSM CFRP laminates: Experimental research and analytical formulation . Compos Struct . 2013 ; 99 : 477 – 490 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.COMPSTRUCT.2012.09.026 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[7] Shakor P, Nejadi S, Gowripalan N. Effect of heat curing and E6-Glass Fibre reinforcement addition on powder-based 3DP cement mortar. RILEM Bookseries. 2020;28:508–515. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49916-7_52/FIGURES/4. Shakor P Nejadi S Gowripalan N . Effect of heat curing and E6-Glass Fibre reinforcement addition on powder-based 3DP cement mortar . RILEM Bookseries . 2020 ; 28 : 508 – 515 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-030-49916-7_52/FIGURES/4 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[8] Tahwia AM, Noshi A, Abdellatief M, Matthana MH. Experimental investigation of rubberized concrete slab-on-grade containing tire-recycled steel fibers. Innov Infrastruct Solut. 2024;9:1–16. Available from: https: //doi.org/10.1007/S41062-023-01354-9/FIGURES/15. Tahwia AM Noshi A Abdellatief M Matthana MH . Experimental investigation of rubberized concrete slab-on-grade containing tire-recycled steel fibers . Innov Infrastruct Solut . 2024 ; 9 : 1 – 16 . Available from: https: //doi.org/ 10.1007/S41062-023-01354-9/FIGURES/15 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[9] Abadel A, Alenzi S, Almusallam T, Abbas H, Al-Salloum Y. Shear behavior of self-consolidating concrete deep beams reinforced with hybrid of steel and GFRP bars. Ain Shams Eng J. 2023. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2023.102136. Abadel A Alenzi S Almusallam T Abbas H Al-Salloum Y . Shear behavior of self-consolidating concrete deep beams reinforced with hybrid of steel and GFRP bars . Ain Shams Eng J . 2023 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.asej.2023.102136 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[10] Abadel AA, Abbas H, Alshaikh IMH, sennah K, Tuladhar R, Altheeb A, Alamri M. Experimental study on the effects of external strengthening and elevated temperature on the shear behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete deep beams. Structures. 2023;49:943–957. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ISTRUC.2023.02.004. Abadel AA Abbas H Alshaikh IMH sennah K Tuladhar R Altheeb A Alamri M . Experimental study on the effects of external strengthening and elevated temperature on the shear behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete deep beams . Structures . 2023 ; 49 : 943 – 957 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.ISTRUC.2023.02.004 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[11] Abadel A, Abbas H, Almusallam T, Alshaikh IMH, Khawaji M, Alghamdi H, Salah AA. Experimental study of shear behavior of CFRP strengthened ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete deep beams. Case Stud Constr Mater. 2022;16:e01103. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CSCM.2022.E01103. Abadel A Abbas H Almusallam T Alshaikh IMH Khawaji M Alghamdi H Salah AA . Experimental study of shear behavior of CFRP strengthened ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete deep beams . Case Stud Constr Mater . 2022 ; 16 : e01103 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.CSCM.2022.E01103 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[12] Akkaya HC, Aydemir C, Arslan G. Evaluation of shear behavior of short-span reinforced concrete deep beams strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer strips. Eng Struct. 2024;299:117145. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.117145. Akkaya HC Aydemir C Arslan G . Evaluation of shear behavior of short-span reinforced concrete deep beams strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer strips . Eng Struct . 2024 ; 299 : 117145 . Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.117145 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[13] Islam MR, Mansur MA, Maalej M. Shear strengthening of RC deep beams using externally bonded FRP systems. Cem Concr Compos. 2005 Mar 1;3. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.04.002. Islam MR Mansur MA Maalej M . Shear strengthening of RC deep beams using externally bonded FRP systems . Cem Concr Compos . 2005 Mar 1 ; 3 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.04.002 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[14] Colotti V. Mechanical shear strength model for reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP materials. Constr Build Mater. 2016 Oct 15;855–865. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.146. Colotti V . Mechanical shear strength model for reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP materials . Constr Build Mater . 2016 Oct 15 ; 855 – 865 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.146 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[15] Elsanadedy HM, Al-Salloum YA, Almusallam TH, Alshenawy AO, Abbas H. Experimental and numerical study on FRP-upgraded RC beams with large rectangular web openings in shear zones. Constr Build Mater. 2019;194:322–343. Available from: https://doi. org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.238. Elsanadedy HM Al-Salloum YA Almusallam TH Alshenawy AO Abbas H . Experimental and numerical study on FRP-upgraded RC beams with large rectangular web openings in shear zones . Constr Build Mater . 2019 ; 194 : 322 – 343 . Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.238 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[16] Li W, Leung CK. Shear span–depth ratio effect on behavior of RC beam shear strengthened with fullwrapping FRP strip. J Compos Constr. 2015 Oct 15;20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000627. Li W Leung CK . Shear span–depth ratio effect on behavior of RC beam shear strengthened with fullwrapping FRP strip . J Compos Constr . 2015 Oct 15 ; 20 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000627 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[17] Adhikary BB, Mutsuyoshi H. Behavior of concrete beams strengthened in shear with carbon-fiber sheets. J Compos Constr. 2004;8:258–264. Available from: https: //doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:3(258). Adhikary BB Mutsuyoshi H . Behavior of concrete beams strengthened in shear with carbon-fiber sheets . J Compos Constr . 2004 ; 8 : 258 – 264 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:3(258) . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[18] Albidah A, Abadel A, Abbas H, Almusallam T, Al-Salloum Y. Experimental and analytical study of strengthening schemes for shear deficient RC deep beams. Constr Build Mater. 2019;216:673–686. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.024. Albidah A Abadel A Abbas H Almusallam T Al-Salloum Y . Experimental and analytical study of strengthening schemes for shear deficient RC deep beams . Constr Build Mater . 2019 ; 216 : 673 – 686 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.024 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[19] Zhang Y, Li X, Zhu Y, Shao X. Experimental study on flexural behavior of damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beam strengthened by toughness-improved ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) layer. Compos Part B Eng. 2020;186:107834. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107834. Zhang Y Li X Zhu Y Shao X . Experimental study on flexural behavior of damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beam strengthened by toughness-improved ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) layer . Compos Part B Eng . 2020 ; 186 : 107834 . Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107834 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[20] T.T.P.D.’ Thesis. Hokkaido University; Sapporo, Japan, Shear resisting mechanism of reinforced concrete beams with CFS as shear reinforcement, 2012. T.T.P.D.’ Thesis . Hokkaido University ; Sapporo, Japan , Shear resisting mechanism of reinforced concrete beams with CFS as shear reinforcement , 2012 . Search in Google Scholar

[21] Hanoon AN, Jaafar MS, Hejazi F, Aziz FN. Strut-and-tie model for externally bonded CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete deep beams based on particle swarm optimization algorithm: CFRP debonding and rupture. Constr Build Mater. 2017 Aug 30;428–447. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.094. Hanoon AN Jaafar MS Hejazi F Aziz FN . Strut-and-tie model for externally bonded CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete deep beams based on particle swarm optimization algorithm: CFRP debonding and rupture . Constr Build Mater . 2017 Aug 30 ; 428 – 447 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.094 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[22] Abadel AA, Albidah AS. Investigation of shear reinforcement schemes for RC deep beams. Arab J Sci Eng. 2021;46:4747–4763. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-05123-z. Abadel AA Albidah AS . Investigation of shear reinforcement schemes for RC deep beams . Arab J Sci Eng . 2021 ; 46 : 4747 – 4763 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13369-020-05123-z . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[23] Abbas H, Almusallam T, Abadel A, Alenzi S, Al-Salloum Y. Shear strength of functionally graded self-compacting concrete deep beams reinforced with steel and GFRP bars. Case Stud Constr Mater. 2023:e01872. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e01872. Abbas H Almusallam T Abadel A Alenzi S Al-Salloum Y . Shear strength of functionally graded self-compacting concrete deep beams reinforced with steel and GFRP bars . Case Stud Constr Mater . 2023 : e01872 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e01872 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[24] Alqarni AS, Albidah AS, Abadel AA. Shear performance of reinforced concrete deep beams using different coarse aggregates under the effect of elevated temperatures. Case Stud Constr Mater. 2022;16:e01087. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01087. Alqarni AS Albidah AS Abadel AA . Shear performance of reinforced concrete deep beams using different coarse aggregates under the effect of elevated temperatures . Case Stud Constr Mater . 2022 ; 16 : e01087 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01087 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[25] Emara M, Barris C, Baena M, Torres L, Barros J. Bond behavior of NSM CFRP laminates in concrete under sustained loading. Constr Build Mater. 2018;177:237–246. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.050. Emara M Barris C Baena M Torres L Barros J . Bond behavior of NSM CFRP laminates in concrete under sustained loading . Constr Build Mater . 2018 ; 177 : 237 – 246 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.050 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[26] Barros JAO, Dias SJE, Baghi H, Ventura-Gouveia A. New shear strengthening configurations of near-surfacemounted CFRP laminates for RC beams. ACI Struct J. 2016;113:1275–1287. Available from: https://doi.org/10.14359/51689029. Barros JAO Dias SJE Baghi H Ventura-Gouveia A . New shear strengthening configurations of near-surfacemounted CFRP laminates for RC beams . ACI Struct J . 2016 ; 113 : 1275 – 1287 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.14359/51689029 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[27] Jedrzejko MJ, Zhang SS, Ke Y, Fernando D, Nie XF. Shear strengthening of RC beams with NSM FRP. I: Review of strength models. Adv Struct Eng. 2022;26:564–586. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/13694332221125832. Jedrzejko MJ Zhang SS Ke Y Fernando D Nie XF . Shear strengthening of RC beams with NSM FRP. I: Review of strength models . Adv Struct Eng . 2022 ; 26 : 564 – 586 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1177/13694332221125832 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[28] Chalioris CE, Kosmidou PMK, Papadopoulos NA. Investigation of a new strengthening technique for RC deep beams using carbon FRP ropes as transverse reinforcements. Fibers. 2018;6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/fib6030052. Chalioris CE Kosmidou PMK Papadopoulos NA . Investigation of a new strengthening technique for RC deep beams using carbon FRP ropes as transverse reinforcements . Fibers . 2018 ; 6 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.3390/fib6030052 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[29] Mukhtar F, Deifalla A. Shear strength of FRP reinforced deep concrete beams without stirrups: Test database and a critical shear crack-based model. Compos Struct. 2023;307:116636. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116636. Mukhtar F Deifalla A . Shear strength of FRP reinforced deep concrete beams without stirrups: Test database and a critical shear crack-based model . Compos Struct . 2023 ; 307 : 116636 . Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116636 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[30] ABAQUS. User Assistance. Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corporation, Providence, Rhode Island, USA., 2019., (2019). ABAQUS . User Assistance . Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corporation, Providence , Rhode Island, USA ., 2019., ( 2019 ). Search in Google Scholar

[31] Alshaikh, I. M., Abadel, A. A., Sennah, K., Nehdi, M. L., Tuladhar, R., & Alamri, M.. Progressive Collapse Resistance of RC Beam–Slab Substructures Made with Rubberized Concrete . Buildings, 2022;12:10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101724. Alshaikh I. M. Abadel A. A. Sennah K. Nehdi M. L. Tuladhar R. & Alamri M. . Progressive Collapse Resistance of RC Beam–Slab Substructures Made with Rubberized Concrete . Buildings , 2022 ; 12 : 10 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.3390/buildings12101724 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[32] Alshaikh IMH, Bakar BHA, Alwesabi EAH, Zeyad AM, Magbool HM. Finite element analysis and experimental validation of progressive collapse of reinforced rubberized concrete frame. Structures. 2021;33:2361–2373. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ISTRUC.2021.06.008. Alshaikh IMH Bakar BHA Alwesabi EAH Zeyad AM Magbool HM . Finite element analysis and experimental validation of progressive collapse of reinforced rubberized concrete frame . Structures . 2021 ; 33 : 2361 – 2373 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.ISTRUC.2021.06.008 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[33] Altheeb A, Alshaikh IMH, Abadel A, Nehdi M, Alghamdi H. Effects of Non-Structural Walls on Mitigating the Risk of Progressive Collapse of RC Structures. Lat Am J Solids Struct. 2022;19:1-18. e440. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78257023. Altheeb A Alshaikh IMH Abadel A Nehdi M Alghamdi H . Effects of Non-Structural Walls on Mitigating the Risk of Progressive Collapse of RC Structures . Lat Am J Solids Struct . 2022 ; 19 : 1 - 18 . e440 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1590/1679-78257023 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[34] Hognestad E. Study of combined bending and axial load in reinforced concrete members. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, College of Engineering, 1951. Hognestad E . Study of combined bending and axial load in reinforced concrete members . University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, College of Engineering , 1951 . Search in Google Scholar

[35] Stoner JG, Polak MA. Finite element modelling of GFRP reinforced concrete beams. Comput Concr. 2020;25:369–382. Available from: https://doi.org/10. 12989/CAC.2020.25.4.369. Stoner JG Polak MA . Finite element modelling of GFRP reinforced concrete beams . Comput Concr . 2020 ; 25 : 369 – 382 . Available from: https://doi.org/ 10. 12989/CAC.2020.25.4.369 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[36] Wang T, Hsu TTC. Nonlinear finite element analysis of concrete structures using new constitutive models. Comput Struct. 2001;79:2781–2791. https://doi.org/10. 1016/S0045-7949(01)00157-2. Wang T Hsu TTC . Nonlinear finite element analysis of concrete structures using new constitutive models . Comput Struct . 2001 ; 79 : 2781 – 2791 . https://doi.org/ 10. 1016/S0045-7949(01)00157-2 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[37] Titoum, M., Tehami, M., Achour, B., & Jaspart, J. P.. Analysis of semi-continuous composite beams with partial shear connection using 2-D finite element approach. Asian J Appl Sci. 2008;1:185–205. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajaps.2008.185.205. Titoum M. Tehami M. Achour B. & Jaspart J. P. . Analysis of semi-continuous composite beams with partial shear connection using 2-D finite element approach . Asian J Appl Sci . 2008 ; 1 : 185 – 205 . https://doi.org/ 10.3923/ajaps.2008.185.205 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[38] Seleem MH, Sharaky IA, Sallam HEM. Flexural behavior of steel beams strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates – Three dimensional finite element simulation. Mater Des. 2010;31:1317–1324. https: //doi.org/10.1016/J.MATDES.2009.09.010. Seleem MH Sharaky IA Sallam HEM . Flexural behavior of steel beams strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates – Three dimensional finite element simulation . Mater Des . 2010 ; 31 : 1317 – 1324 . https: //doi.org/ 10.1016/J.MATDES.2009.09.010 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[39] Vilanova I, Torres L, Baena M, Llorens M. Numerical simulation of bond-slip interface and tension stiffening in GFRP RC tensile elements. Compos Struct. 2016;153:504–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPSTRUCT.2016.06.048. Vilanova I Torres L Baena M Llorens M . Numerical simulation of bond-slip interface and tension stiffening in GFRP RC tensile elements . Compos Struct . 2016 ; 153 : 504 – 513 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.COMPSTRUCT.2016.06.048 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[40] Alharthi YM, . Flexural response and load capacity of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with reinforced mortar layer. Eng Struct. 2021;245:11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112884. Alharthi YM . Flexural response and load capacity of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with reinforced mortar layer . Eng Struct . 2021 ; 245 : 11 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112884 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[41] Elsanadedy HM, Almusallam TH, Alsayed SH, Al-Salloum YA. Flexural strengthening of RC beams using textile reinforced mortar – Experimental and numerical study. Compos Struct. 2013;97:40–55. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.09.053. Elsanadedy HM Almusallam TH Alsayed SH Al-Salloum YA . Flexural strengthening of RC beams using textile reinforced mortar – Experimental and numerical study . Compos Struct . 2013 ; 97 : 40 – 55 . https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.09.053 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[42] Sharaky IA, Baena M, Barris C, Sallam HEM, Torres L. Effect of axial stiffness of NSM FRP reinforcement and concrete cover confinement on flexural behaviour of strengthened RC beams: Experimental and numerical study. Eng Struct. 2018;173:987–1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENGSTRUCT.2018.07.062. Sharaky IA Baena M Barris C Sallam HEM Torres L . Effect of axial stiffness of NSM FRP reinforcement and concrete cover confinement on flexural behaviour of strengthened RC beams: Experimental and numerical study . Eng Struct . 2018 ; 173 : 987 – 1001 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.ENGSTRUCT.2018.07.062 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[43] Abdo A, . Effect of main and NSM reinforcing materials on the behavior of the shear strengthened RC beams with NSM reinforced HSC layers and bars. Case Stud Constr Mater. 2023;18:e02. Abdo A . Effect of main and NSM reinforcing materials on the behavior of the shear strengthened RC beams with NSM reinforced HSC layers and bars . Case Stud Constr Mater . 2023 ; 18 : e02 . Search in Google Scholar

[44] Shakor P, Gowripalan N, Rasouli H. Experimental and numerical analysis of 3D printed cement mortar specimens using inkjet 3DP. Arch Civ Mech Eng. 2021;21:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/S43452-021-00209-3/METRICS. Shakor P Gowripalan N Rasouli H . Experimental and numerical analysis of 3D printed cement mortar specimens using inkjet 3DP . Arch Civ Mech Eng . 2021 ; 21 : 1 – 16 . https://doi.org/ 10.1007/S43452-021-00209-3/METRICS . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[45] Banjara NK, Ramanjaneyulu K. Experimental and numerical study on behaviour of HSFRC overlay strip strengthened flexural deficient RC beams. Eng Struct. 2019;198:109561. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENGSTRUCT.2019.109561. Banjara NK Ramanjaneyulu K . Experimental and numerical study on behaviour of HSFRC overlay strip strengthened flexural deficient RC beams . Eng Struct . 2019 ; 198 : 109561 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.ENGSTRUCT.2019.109561 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar