Occurrence of herpesvirus in fish

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Herpesviruses detected at 0 days post infection (prior to the cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection)

Fish species	Sample	PCRs*	Nested PCRs**	Sequence analysis (300 base pairs)	Remarks
Goldfish	Gill swabs and leukocytes		+/+	99% koi herpesvirus	Herpesvirus-positive
Crucian carp			+/+	99% koi herpesvirus
Koi			+/-	99% goldfish herpesvirus
Tilapia		All negative	+/-	98% goldfish herpesvirus
Grass carp	Gill swabs only***		+/-	82% carp pox virus
				78% koi herpesvirus
				78% goldfish herpesvirus
				79% sichel herpesvirus

Herpesvirus detection by different PCRs at 7 days post infection after intraperitoneal injection with goldfish herpesvirus (GHV) isolated from crucian carp

Fish species (n=4 for each)	New PCR for GHV	Bercovier et al. nested PCR (1)	Engelsma et al. nested PCR (8)	Assessments
Goldfish	0/4	2/4	2/4	KHV
Crucian carp	1/4	4/4	4/4	GHV / KHV
Koi	0/4	3/4	1/4	KHV
Tilapia	0/4	4/4	1/4	KHV
Grass carp	0/4	3/4	3/4	KHV

Investigation of pooled samples from fish that died during the experiment

Fish species	Detected at 0 dpi	Detected in pooled samples	Overall assessments
Goldfish	KHV	GHV and KHV	Double infection
Crucian carp	KHV	GHV and KHV	Double infection
Koi	GHV	negative*	Double infection despite negative result
Tilapia	GHV	GHV	Double infection
Grass carp	new HV	GHV	Triple infection

Detection of herpesviruses at 20 days post infection after intraperitoneal injection with goldfish herpesvirus (GHV) isolated from crucian carp

Fish species	New GHV PCR	Bercovier et al. nested PCR (1)	Engelsma et al. nested PCR (8)	Assessments
Goldfish	0/6	1/6	0/6	KHV
Crucian carp	5/6	1/6	5/6	GHV/KHV
Koi	0/7	0/7	0/7	negative*
Tilapia	0/6	1/6	1/6	KHV
Grass carp	0/2	0/2	2/2	new HV