[
Angulo-Martínez, M., Beguería, S., Kyselý, J., 2016. Use of disdrometer data to evaluate the relationship of rainfall kinetic energy and intensity (KE-I). Sci. Total Environ., 568, 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.223.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.223
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Asadpour, F., Habibi, A., 2015. Strategies for climatic design for sustainable urban housing development (case study of Nur City, Mazandaran, Iran. Sci. J. (CSJ), 36, 6, 653–654.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bringi, V.N., Chandrasekar, V., Hubbert, J., Gorgucci, E., Randeuand, W.L., Schoenhuber, M., 2003. Raindrop size distribution in different climatic regimes from disdrometer and dual-polarized radar analysis. Atmos. Res., 60, 354–365. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chang, X., Zheng, K., Xie, D., Shu, X., Xu, K., Chen, W., Li, B., Wu, Ch., 2019. In situ image acquisition and measurement of microdroplets based on delay triggering. Micromachines, 10, 2, 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi1002014810.3390/mi10020148
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chang, W.-Y., Lee, G., Jou, B. J.-D., Lee, W.-C., Lin, P.-L., Yu, C.-K., 2020. Uncertainty in measured raindrop size distributions from four types of collocated instruments. Remote Sens., 12, 1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1207116710.3390/rs12071167
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cruvinel, P.E., Vieira, S.R., Crestana, S., Minatel, E.R., Mucheroni, M.L., Neto, A.T., 2017. Image processing in automated measurements of raindrop size and distribution. Comput. Electron. Agr., 23, 3, 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1699(99)00043-510.1016/S0168-1699(99)00043-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dafaallah, A., 2019. 12 Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). 10.13140/RG.2.2.16262.93764.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Das, S.K., Konwar, M., Chakravarty, K., Deshpande, S.M., 2017. Raindrop size distribution of different cloud types over the western ghats using simultaneous measurements from micro-rain radar and disdrometer. Atmos. Res., 186, 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.11.00310.1016/j.atmosres.2016.11.003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
D’Adderio, L.P., Porcù, F., Tokay, A., 2018. Evolution of drop size distribution in natural rain. Atmos. Res., 200, 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.10.00310.1016/j.atmosres.2017.10.003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
DeBoer, D. W., Monnens, M. J., Kincaid, D.C., 2001. Measurement of sprinkler drop size. Appl. Eng. Agric., 17, 1, 11–15. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.193110.13031/2013.1931
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eigel, J.D., Moore, I.D., 1983. A simplified technique for measuring raindrop size and distribution. Trans. ASAE., 26, 4, 1079–1084. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.3408010.13031/2013.34080
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Exner, T., Beretta, C.A., Gao, Q., Afting, C., Romero-Brey, I., Bartenschlager, R., Fehring, L., Poppelreuther, M., Fuel-lekrug, J., 2019. Lipid droplet quantification based on iterative image processing. J. Lipid Res., 60, 1333–1344, https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.D09284110.1194/jlr.D092841660213430926625
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Frank, G., Härtl, T., Tschiersch, J., 1994. The pluviospectrometer: Classification of falling hydrometeors via digital image processing. Atmos. Res., 34, 1–4, 367–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8095 (94)90103-1
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hall, M.J., 1970. Use of the stain method in determining the drop size distribution of coarse liquid sprays. Trans. ASAE., 13, 33–37. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.3852810.13031/2013.38528
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hu, B., Angeli, P., Matar, O.K., Lawrence, C.J., Hewitt, G.F., 2006. Evaluation of drop size distribution from chord length measurements. J. Agric. Biotech., 52, 3, 931–939. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.1071410.1002/aic.10714
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Illingworth, A.J., Stevens, C.J., 1987. An optical disdrometer for the measurement of raindrop size spectra in windy conditions. J. Atmos. Ocean Technol., 4, 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Islam, T., Rico-Ramirez, M.A., Han, D., Srivastava, P.K., 2012. A Joss–Waldovgel disdrometer derived rainfall estimation study by collocated tipping bucket and rapid response rain gauges. Atmospheric Sci. Lett., 13, 2, 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.37610.1002/asl.376
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jash, D., Resmi, E.A., Unnikrishnan, C.K., Sumesh, R.K., Sreekanth, T.S., Sukumar, N., Ramachandran, K.K., 2019. Variation in rain drop size distribution and rain integral parameters during southwest monsoon over a tropical station: An inter-comparison of disdrometer and micro rain radar. Atmos. Res., 217, 24–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.10.01410.1016/j.atmosres.2018.10.014
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jayawardena, A.W., Rezaur, R.B., 2000. Drop size distribution and kinetic energy load of rainstorms in Hong Kong. Hydrol. Process., 14, 6, 1069–1082.10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<1069::AID-HYP997>3.0.CO;2-Q
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jwa, M., Jin, H.G., Lee, J., Moon, S., Baik, J.J., 2020. Characteristics of raindrop size distribution in Seoul, South Korea according to rain and weather types. APJAS, 1–13. DOI: 10.1007/s13143-020-00219-w10.1007/s13143-020-00219-w
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kathiravelu, G., Lucke, T., Nichols, P., 2016. Raindrop measurement techniques: a review. Water, 8, 29, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/w801002910.3390/w8010029
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kavian, A., Mohammadi, M., Cerda, A., Fallah, M., Abdollahi, Z., 2018. Simulated raindrop’s characteristic measurements. A new approach of image processing tested under laboratory rainfall simulation. Catena, 167, 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.04.03410.1016/j.catena.2018.04.034
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Khaledian, H., Shahoe, S.S., 2006. Evaluating of natural raindrop size distribution in Kordestan Province. J. Agric. Sci., 37, 6, 1093–1102. (In Persian.)
]Search in Google Scholar
[
King, B.A., Winward, T.W., Bjorneberg, D.L., 2014. Comparison of drop size and velocity measurements by a laser precipitation meter and low-speed photography or an agriculture sprinkler. Appl. Eng. Agric., 30, 3, 413–421. [eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1543/1/1500.pdf]10.13031/aea.30.10417
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Koh, K.U., Kim, J.Y., Lee, S.Y., 2001. Determination of in focus criteria and depth of field in image processing of spray particles. At. Sprays, 11, 4, 317–333. https://doi.org/10.1615/AtomizSpr.v11.i4.2010.1615/AtomizSpr.v11.i4.20
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kuthirummal, S., Nagahara, H., Changyin, Z., Nayar, S.K., 2010. Flexible depth of field photography. IEEE PAMI., 33, 1, 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2010.6610.1109/TPAMI.2010.66
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lavergnat, J., Gole, P., 1998. A stochastic raindrop time distribution model. J. Appl. Meteorol., 37, 805–818. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Laws, J.Q., Parsons, D.A., 1943. The relation of raindrop size to intensity. Trans. American Geophysical Union, 26, 452–460. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR024i002p0045210.1029/TR024i002p00452
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lilley, M., Lovejoy, S., Desaulniers-Soucy, N., Schertzer, D., 2006. Multifractal large number of drops limit in rain. J. Hydrol., 328, 1–2, 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.06310.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.063
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lima, J., Silva, V.P., Lima, M., Abrantes, J.B., Montenegro, A.A., 2015. Revisiting simple methods to estimate drop size distributions: a novel approach based on infrared thermography. J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 63, 3, 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1515/johh-2015-002510.1515/johh-2015-0025
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Luo, C.G., Xiao, X., Martínez-Corral, M., Chen, C.W., Javidi, B., Wang, Q.H., 2013. Analysis of the depth of field of integral imaging displays based on wave optics. Opt. Express., 21, 25, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.03126310.1364/OE.21.03126324514700
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Marshall, J.S., Palmer, W.M., 1948. The distribution of raindrops with size. JAMC, 5, 165–166. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McIsaac, G.F., 1990. Apparent geographic and atmospheric influences on raindrop sizes and rainfall kinetic energy. J. Soil Water Conserv., 45, 663–666. http://www.jswconline.org/content/45/6/663.abstract10.1093/jhmas/45.4.663
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Meshesha, D., Tsunekawa, A., Ayehu, N., 2017. Application of optical disdrometer to characterize simulated rainfall and measure drop size distribution. Geophys. Res. Abstr., 19, EGU2017-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2018.152152210.1080/02626667.2018.1521522
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Molina-Sanchis, I., Lázaro, R., Arnau-Rosalén, E., Calvo-Cases, A., 2016. Rainfall timing and runoff: the influence of the criterion for rain event separation. J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 64, 3, 226–236. https://doi.org/10.1515/johh-2016-002410.1515/johh-2016-0024
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Oberdier, L.M., 1984. An instrumentation system to automate the analysis of fuel-spray images using computer vision. In: Tishkoff, J., Ingebo, R., Kennedy, J. (Eds.): Liquid Particle Size Measurement Techniques. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, pp. 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1520/STP32621S10.1520/STP32621S
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Perwass, C., Wietzke, L., 2012. Single lens 3D-camera with extended depth-of-field. In: Proc. XVII conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging, February 9, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.909882]10.1117/12.909882
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sadeghi, S.H., Abdollahi, Z., Khaledi Darvishan, A., 2013. Experimental comparison of some techniques for estimating natural raindrop size distribution on the south coast of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Hydrol. Sci. J., 58, 6, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.81491710.1080/02626667.2013.814917
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Salles, C., Poesen, J., 1999. Performance of an optical spectro pluiviometer in measuring basic rain erosivity characteristics. J. Hydrol., 218, 142–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00031-110.1016/S0022-1694(99)00031-1
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Salvador, R., Baustista-Capetillo, C., Burguete, J., Zapata, N., Serreta, A., Playán, E., 2009. A photographic method for drop characterization in agricultural sprinklers. Irrig. Sci., 27, 4, 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-009-0147-210.1007/s00271-009-0147-2
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sawant, S., Ghonge, P.A., 2015. Estimation of raindrop analysis using image processing. Int. J. Sci. Res., 4, 1, 1981–1986. https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v4i1/SUB15661.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Seginer, I., 1963. Water distribution from medium pressure sprinklers. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 89, 2, 13–29. https://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=001293410.1061/JRCEA4.0000258
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Serio, M.A., Carollo, F.G., Ferro, V., 2019. Raindrop size distribution and terminal velocity for rainfall erosivity studies. A review. J. Hydrol., 576, 210–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.04010.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.040
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sijs, R., Kooij, S., Holterman, H.J., van de Zande, J., Bonn, D., 2021. Drop size measurement techniques for sprays: Comparison of image analysis, phase Doppler particle analysis, and laser diffraction. AIP Advances, 11, 1, Article Number: 015315. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.001866710.1063/5.0018667
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sheppard, B.E., Joe, P.I., 1994. Comparison of raindrop size distribution measurements by a Joss–Waldovgel disdrometer, a PMS 2DG spectrometer and a Poss Doppler radar. J. Atmos. Ocean Technol., 11, 874–887. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Solomon, K.H., Kincaid, D.C., Bezdek, J.C., 1985. Drop size distribution for irrigation spray nozzles. Trans. ASAE., 28, 6, 1966–1974. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.3255010.13031/2013.32550
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sreekanth, T.S., Varikoden, H., Sukumar, N., Kumar, G.M., 2017. Microphysical characteristics of rainfall during different seasons over a coastal tropical station using disdrometer. Hydrol. Process., 31, 14, 2556–2565. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1120210.1002/hyp.11202
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Straka, J.M., 2009. Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics: Principles and Parameterizations. Cambridge University Press, 386 p.10.1017/CBO9780511581168
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Steinmann, T., Casas, J., Braud, P., David, L., 2021. Coupled measurements of interface topography and three-dimensional velocity field of a free surface flow. Exp. Fluids, 62, 1, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-03115-110.1007/s00348-020-03115-1
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sudheer, K.P., Panda, R.K., 2000. Digital image processing for determining drop sizes from irrigation spray nozzles. Agric. Water Manag., 45, 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(99)00079-710.1016/S0378-3774(99)00079-7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sulochana, Y., Rao, T.N., Sunilkumar, K., Chandrika, P., Raman, M.R., Rao, S.V.B., 2016. on the seasonal variability of raindrop size distribution and associated variations in reflectivity – rainrate relations at Tirupati, a tropical station. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 147, 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2016.07.01110.1016/j.jastp.2016.07.011
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tang, Q., Xiao, H., Guo, C., Feng, L., 2014. Characteristics of the raindrop size distributions and their retrieved polarimetric radar parameters in Northern and Southern China. Atmos. Res., 135–136, 59–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.08.00310.1016/j.atmosres.2013.08.003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Thurai, M., Bringi, V. N., Petersen, W. A., 2009. Rain micro-structure retrievals using 2-D video disdrometer and C-band polarimetric radar. Adv. Geosci., 20, 13–18. https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-20-13-200910.5194/adgeo-20-13-2009
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Thurai, M., Gatlin, P., Bringi, V., Petersen, W., Kennedy, P., Notaros, B., Carey L., 2017. Towards completing the raindrop size spectrum: Case studies involving 2D-video disdrometer, droplet spectrometer, and polarimetric radar measurements. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 56, 4, 877–896. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0304.110.1175/JAMC-D-16-0304.1
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wang, G., Zhou, R., Zhaxi, S., Liu, S., 2021. Raindrop size distribution measurements on the Southeast Tibetan Plateau during the STEP project. Atmos. Res., 249, Article Number: 105311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.10531110.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105311
]Search in Google Scholar
[
You, C.H., Lee, D.I., Kang, M.Y., Kim, H.J., 2016. Classification of rain types using drop size distributions and polarimetric radar: Case study of a 2014-flooding event in Korea. Atmos. Res., 181, 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.06.02410.1016/j.atmosres.2016.06.024
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yousefi, S., Sadeghi, S.H.R., Mirzaee, S., Van der Ploeg, M., Keesstra, S., Cerdà, A., 2018. Spatio-temporal variation of throughfall in a hyrcanian plain forest stand in Northern Iran, J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 66, 1, 97–106. DOI: 10.1515/johh-2017-003410.1515/johh-2017-0034
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhang, G., Vivekanandan, J., Brandes, E., 2001. A method for estimating rain rate and drop size distribution from polari-metric radar measurements. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 39, 4, 830–841. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.91790610.1109/36.917906
]Search in Google Scholar