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Percent inhibition of G. pallida viability. PRD control compared with S. sisymbriifolium extracts made from 8-wk-old plant tissues extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, or 1-butanol when dissolved in potato root diffusate (PRD) at no dilution or at dilutions of 1:2.5, 1:5, or 1:10.
Treatment
No dilutionz
1:2.5
1:5
1:10
Stem/leaf
Hexane
28.5b
33.1b
12.0b
6.8a
Dichloromethane
5.9a
2.9a
2.4a
−1.5a
Ethyl acetate
12.5a
3.8a
5.6a
3.3a
1-Butanol
33.4b
33.1b
35.7b
1.9a
Root
Hexane
9.9ac
0.3a
5.1a
−5.1a
Dichloromethane
7.1a
2.9a
2.9a
−0.7a
Ethyl acetate
8.8a
3.5a
3.5a
−0.3a
1-Butanol
9.9a
7.2a
6.7ab
1.5a
PRD
PRD
0.0a
0.0a
0.0a
0.0a
BSD
BSD
5.1a
−3.6a
6.4a
−1.6a
Solamargine concentration (mg/liter) found in extracts made from 8-wk-old S. sisymbriifolium roots or stem/leaves.
Plant part
Extract
Solamargine concentration (mg/liter)z
Stem/leaf
Hexane
28.7 ± 0.2
Dichloromethane
32.9 ± 0.2
Ethyl acetate
3.4 ± 0.01
1-Butanol
116.9 ± 0.8
Root
Hexane
3.7 ± 0.01
Dichloromethane
4.7 ± 0.02
Ethyl acetate
2.7 ± 0.002
1-Butanol
20.4 ± 0.1
Effect of S. sisymbriifolium extracts made from 8-wk-old plant tissues extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, or 1-butanol when dissolved in potato root diffusate (PRD) at no dilution or at dilutions of 1:2.5, 1:5, or 1:10 on the hatch of G. pallida.
Treatment
No dilutionz
1:2.5
1:5
1:10
Stem/leaf
Hexane
39.1 ± 6.3bd
35.0 ± 7.5bc
40.4 ± 6.2c
63.8 ± 4.9a
Dichloromethane
64.9 ± 5.6a
68.8 ± 5.2a
60.3 ± 7.4a
62.9 ± 8.2a
Ethyl acetate
66.2 ± 6.2a
59.9 ± 6.9a
64.6 ± 5.6a
67.4 ± 6.0a
1-Butanol
24.5 ± 5.7bc
39.1 ± 5.0c
44.8 ± 5.2bc
65.0 ± 6.4a
Root
Hexane
69.0 ± 4.5a
72.1 ± 4.8a
75.2 ± 7.2a
76.3 ± 5.4a
Dichloromethane
53.1 ± 4.9ad
62.4 ± 5.4a
65.3 ± 5.0ab
70.5 ± 6.4a
Ethyl acetate
66.9 ± 4.7a
67.4 ± 5.6a
71.8 ± 5.1a
74.6 ± 4.6a
1-Butanol
76.0 ± 6.4a
82.4 ± 3.4a
66.5 ± 3.8a
81.5 ± 2.6a
PRD
PRD
72.6 ± 5.0a
66.9 ± 5.4a
63.5 ± 4.8a
79.8 ± 3.7a
BSD
BSD
12.1 ± 2.5c
9.8 ± 3.4b
8.6 ± 2.3d
12.6 ± 2.8b
Effect of S. sisymbriifolium extracts made from 8-wk-old plant tissues extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, or 1-butanol when dissolved in potato root diffusate (PRD) at no dilution or at dilutions of 1:2.5, 1:5, or 1:10 on the viability of G. pallida.
Treatment
No dilutionz
1:2.5
1:5
1:10
Stem/leaf
Hexane
66.7 ± 3.0b
58.3 ± 3.9b
76.1 ± 4.3b
83.4 ± 2.9a
Dichloromethane
87.8 ± 2.5a
84.7 ± 2.6a
92.8 ± 1.1a
90.9 ± 1.6a
Ethyl acetate
81.6 ± 4.0a
83.9 ± 2.8a
89.8 ± 2.3a
86.6 ± 2.6a
1-Butanol
62.1 ± 5.6b
58.3 ± 3.9b
61.2 ± 5.4b
87.9 ± 1.9a
Root
Hexane
84.0 ± 3.0ac
86.9 ± 2.3a
90.3 ± 1.6a
94.1 ± 0.9a
Dichloromethane
86.6 ± 2.7a
84.7 ± 2.3a
92.3 ± 1.2a
90.2 ± 1.1a
Ethyl acetate
85.1 ± 2.9a
84.1 ± 2.4a
91.7 ± 1.8a
89.8 ± 1.6a
1-Butanol
84.0 ± 2.5a
80.9 ± 3.0a
88.7 ± 2.9ab
88.2 ± 1.5a
PRD
PRD
93.3 ± 0.9a
87.2 ± 2.2a
95.1 ± 0.8a
89.5 ± 1.6a
BSD
BSD
88.5 ± 1.7a
90.3 ± 1.2a
89.1 ± 1.4a
90.9 ± 1.8a
Percentage inhibition of G. pallida hatch. PRD control compared with S. sisymbriifolium extracts made from 8-wk-old plant tissues extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, or 1-butanol when dissolved in potato root diffusate (PRD) at no dilution or at dilutions of 1:2.5, 1:5, or 1:10.
