The effect of postural orientation on body composition and total body water estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis: an intra- and inter-device evaluation , , , , , et | 05 août 2024
Publié en ligne: 05 août 2024 Pages: 89 - 98 Reçu: 03 juin 2024 © 2024 Anabelle Vallecillo-Bustos et al., published by Sciendo This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Fig 1a-d. Bland-Altman analyses for body composition and total body water estimates measured by SWBIA and the criterion DXA and BIS in the combined sample. Bland-Altman plots for BF% (a), FM (b), FFM (c), and TBW (d) estimates by SWBIA body position (rows) are displayed. The upper and lower dashed lines on each plot represents the 95% limits of agreement, and the middle-dashed lines represent the mean difference between SWBIA and the criterion DXA or BIS. The solid blue line represents the regression line and the surrounding shading represents the 95% confidence interval of the regression line. SWBIA: smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; BIS: bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy; BF%: body fat percentage; FM: fat mass; FFM: fat-free mass; TBW: total body water; LOA: 95% limits of agreement. *, significant proportional bias at p ≤ 0.026. Fig 2a-d. Bland-Altman analyses for body composition and total body water estimates measured by SWBIA and the criterion DXA and BIS in females. Bland-Altman plots for BF% (a), FM (b), FFM (c), and TBW (d) estimates by SWBIA body position (rows) are displayed. The upper and lower dashed lines on each plot represent the 95% limits of agreement, and the middle-dashed lines represent the mean difference between SWBIA and the criterion DXA or BIS. The solid blue line represents the regression line, and the surrounding shading represents the 95% confidence interval of the regression line. SWBIA: smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; BIS: bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy; BF%: body fat percentage; FM: fat mass; FFM: fat-free mass; TBW: total body water; LOA: 95% limits of agreement. *, significant proportional bias at p ≤ 0.003. Fig 3a-d. Bland-Altman analyses for body composition and total body water estimates measured by SWBIA and the criterion DXA and BIS in males. Bland-Altman plots for BF% (a), FM (b), FFM (c), and TBW (d) estimates by SWBIA body position (rows) are displayed. The upper and lower dashed lines on each plot represents the 95% limits of agreement, and the middle-dashed lines represent the mean difference between SWBIA and the criterion DXA or BIS. The solid blue line represents the regression line and the surrounding shading represents the 95% confidence interval of the regression line. SWBIA: smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; BIS: bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy; BF%: body fat percentage; FM: fat mass; FFM: fat-free mass; TBW: total body water; LOA: 95% limits of agreement. *, significant proportional bias at p ≤ 0.045. Agreement between SWBIA and BIS-derived estimates of total body water by body position.
Mean (95%CI)
MD (95%CI)
R2
RMSE
CCC
Combined (N = 106)
BIS
37.0 (35.4, 38.5)
SWBIASeated
37.2 (35.7, 38.7)
.08 (-.46, .62)
.88
2.80
.94
SWBIAStand
37.2 (35.6, 38.7)
.05 (-.49, .59)
.89
2.79
.94
SWBIASupine
37.1 (35.5, 38.6)* ,†
-.05 (-.59, .49)
.89
2.79
.94
Female (N = 62)
BIS
33.4 (31.9, 34.9)
SWBIASeated
32.6 (31.3, 33.8)
-.78 (-1.43, -.14)‡
.82
2.64
.89
SWBIAStand
32.5 (31.3, 33.8)
-.85 (-1.49, -.20)‡
.82
2.66
.89
SWBIASupine
32.4 (31.1, 33.7)†
-.96 (-1.61, -.31)‡
.81
2.72
.88
Male (N = 44)
BIS
42.1 (39.6, 44.5)
SWBIASeated
43.9 (41.7, 46.1)
1.29 (.46, 2.13)‡
.88
3.02
.92
SWBIAStand
43.9 (41.7, 46.0)
1.32 (.50, 2.13)‡
.89
2.96
.93
SWBIASupine
43.8 (41.6, 46.0)
1.23 (.43, 2.04)‡
.89
2.88
.93
Participant characteristics.
Total (n = 117)
Female (n = 69)
Male (n = 48)
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
Age (y)
21.4 ± 3.0
21.2 ± 1.8
21.7 ± 4.1
Height (cm)
168.2 ± 8.9
163.4 ± 5.9*
175.2 ± 7.8
Weight (kg)
71.9 ± 18.1
68.2 ± 17.6*
77.1 ± 17.7
BMI (kg/m2 )
25.3 ± 5.7
25.5 ± 6.4
25.0 ± 4.5
Body fat (%)
28.6 ± 10.3
33.6 ± 8.9*
21.5 ± 7.6
Fat mass (kg)
21.2 ± 12.3
24.1 ± 13.2*
17.2 ± 9.6
FFM (kg)
50.7 ± 12.0
44.2 ± 6.7*
60.0 ± 11.8
TBW (L)
37.0 ± 8.1
33.4 ± 6.0*
42.1 ± 7.9
N (%)
N (%)
N (%)
Race
White
42 (35.9%)
29 (42.0%)
13 (27.1%)
Black
37 (31.6%)
25 (36.2%)
12 (25.0%)
Asian
32 (27.4%)
10 (14.5%)
22 (45.8%)
Hispanic
6 (5.1%)
5 (7.2%)
1 (2.1%)
Weight Status
Normal
66 (56.4%)
40 (58.0%)
26 (54.2%)
Overweight
33 (28.2%)
18 (26.1%)
15 (31.3%)
Obese
18 (15.4%)
11 (15.9%)
7 (14.6%)
Agreement between SWBIA and DXA-derived body composition estimates by body position.
Mean (95%CI)
MD (95%CI)
R2
RMSE
CCC
Combined (N = 117) BF%
DXA
28.6 (26.7, 30.5)
SWBIASeated
29.0 (27.4, 30.7)
.43 (-.38, 1.23)
.82
4.40
.90
SWBIAStand
28.9 (27.2, 30.6)
.30 (-.50, 1.10)
.82
4.37
.90
SWBIASupine
29.2 (27.5, 30.9)*
.62 (-.17, 1.42)
.82
4.37
.90
FM (kg)
DXA
21.2 (19.0, 23.5)
SWBIASeated
21.6 (19.5, 23.6)
.31 (-.28, .89)
.94
3.18
.96
SWBIAStand
21.5 (19.4, 23.5)
.22 (-.37, .80)
.93
3.19
.96
SWBIASupine
21.7 (19.6, 23.8)*
.45 (-.12, 1.03)
.94
3.15
.96
FFM (kg)
DXA
50.7 (48.5, 52.8)
SWBIASeated
50.3 (48.3, 52.4)
-.31 (-.89, .28)
.93
3.18
.96
SWBIAStand
50.4 (48.4, 52.5)
-.22 (-.80, .37)
.93
3.19
.96
SWBIASupine
50.2 (48.1, 52.3)*
-.45 (-1.03, .12)
.93
3.15
.96
Females (n = 69) BF%
DXA
33.6 (31.4, 35.7)
SWBIASeated
34.2 (32.4, 35.9)
.56 (-.35, 1.47)
.82
3.81
.89
SWBIAStand
33.9 (32.2, 35.7)
.34 (-.60, 1.27)
.82
3.88
.89
SWBIASupine
34.4 (32.7, 36.1)*
.81 (-.11, 1.73)
.83
3.89
.88
FM (kg)
DXA
24.1 (20.9, 27.2)
SWBIASeated
24.3 (21.4, 27.3)
.26 (-.35, .87)
.97
2.54
.98
SWBIAStand
24.2 (21.3, 27.1)
.12 (-.50, .74)
.97
2.57
.98
SWBIASupine
24.5 (21.6, 27.5)*
.44 (-.17, 1.05)
.97
2.55
.98
FFM (kg)
DXA
44.2 (42.6, 45.8)
SWBIASeated
43.9 (42.3, 45.5)
-.26 (-.87, .35)
.86
2.54
.93
SWBIAStand
44.0 (42.5, 45.6)
-.12 (-.74, .50)
.86
2.57
.93
SWBIASupine
43.7 (42.1, 45.3)*
-.44 (-1.05, .17)
.86
2.55
.93
Males (n = 48) BF%
DXA
21.5 (19.3, 23.7)
SWBIASeated
21.7 (19.9, 23.5)
.24 (-1.26, 1.74)
.56
5.13
.72
SWBIAStand
21.7 (19.9, 23.5)
.25 (-1.22, 1.72)
.56
5.00
.73
SWBIASupine
21.8 (20.0, 23.7)
.35 (-1.11, 1.81)
.57
4.98
.74
FM (kg)
DXA
17.2 (14.4, 20.0)
SWBIASeated
17.5 (15.0, 20.1)
.37 (-.77, 1.52)
.83
3.93
.91
SWBIAStand
17.5 (15.0, 20.0)
.36 (-.79, 1.50)
.83
3.90
.91
SWBIASupine
17.6 (15.1, 20.2)
.47 (-.65, 1.59)
.84
3.85
.91
FFM (kg)
DXA
60.0 (56.5, 63.4)
SWBIASeated
59.6 (56.6, 62.6)
-.37 (-1.52, .77)
.90
3.93
.94
SWBIAStand
59.6 (56.6, 62.6)
-.36 (-1.50, .79)
.89
3.90
.94
SWBIASupine
59.5 (56.5, 62.5)
-.47 (-1.59, .65)
.90
3.85
.94