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Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Deformed Wing, Acute Bee Paralysis and Black Queen Cell Viruses Infecting Honey Bees and Varroa Mites

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Fig. 1.

A - Deformation of the wing on male honey bee. B - Abdomen blackening on female honey bee. C and D - Deformation of the wing and abdomen blackening on female honey bee. E and F - Abdomen blackening and wing deformation on queen bee. G - Live Varroa mite feeding on honey bee.
A - Deformation of the wing on male honey bee. B - Abdomen blackening on female honey bee. C and D - Deformation of the wing and abdomen blackening on female honey bee. E and F - Abdomen blackening and wing deformation on queen bee. G - Live Varroa mite feeding on honey bee.

Fig. 2.

Phylogenetic tree of DWV (Malatya 1, Malatya 2, Malatya 3, Elazığ1, Elazığ 2, Elazığ 3, Elazığ 4 and Elazığ 5) isolates.A Kakugo virus (in with red color) was included as an outgroup from Japan. The sequences from this study are blue in color.
Phylogenetic tree of DWV (Malatya 1, Malatya 2, Malatya 3, Elazığ1, Elazığ 2, Elazığ 3, Elazığ 4 and Elazığ 5) isolates.A Kakugo virus (in with red color) was included as an outgroup from Japan. The sequences from this study are blue in color.

Fig. 3.

Phylogenetic tree of ABPV isolates (Malatya 1, Malatya 2, Malatya 3 and Malatya 4).A Kakugo virus (in with red color) was included as an outgroup from Japan. The sequences from this study are blue in color.
Phylogenetic tree of ABPV isolates (Malatya 1, Malatya 2, Malatya 3 and Malatya 4).A Kakugo virus (in with red color) was included as an outgroup from Japan. The sequences from this study are blue in color.

Fig. 4.

Phylogenetic tree of BQCV (Malatya 1 and Malatya 2) isolates.A Kakugo virus (red in color) was included as an outgroup from Japan. The sequences from this study are blue in color.
Phylogenetic tree of BQCV (Malatya 1 and Malatya 2) isolates.A Kakugo virus (red in color) was included as an outgroup from Japan. The sequences from this study are blue in color.

Similarity rates of ABPV isolates with other isolates from the world

Country Organism Host Accession number Similarity rate (%) Reference
Türkiye (Ankara) ABPV Apis mellifera EU779947 96.76 Muz & Muz, 2009
South Africa ABPV Apis mellifera AF150629 93.56 Govan et al., 2000
Türkiye (Tekirdağ) ABPV Apis mellifera KY465554 96.72 Muz & Muz 2009
Slovenia ABPV Apis mellifera HQ877397 96.46 Jamnikar Ciglenecki & Toplak, 2013
Serbia ABPV Apis mellifera KM001899 95.56 Cirkovic, 2018
France ABPV Vespa velutina nigrithorax MN565031 94.75 Dalmon et al., 2019
Hungary ABPV Apis mellifera AF486072 93.72 Bakonyi et al., 2002
Syria ABPV Apis mellifera MH378788 93.30 Barhoum & Mouhanna, 2018 (unpublished)
Slovenia ABPV Apis mellifera HQ877382 96.46 Jamnikar Ciglenecki & Toplak, 2013
USA ABPV Apis mellifera AF264688 89.62 Evans et al., 2001
Hungary ABPV Apis mellifera AY053385 94.30 Bakonyi et al., 2002
Türkiye ABPV Apis mellifera OP805881
Türkiye ABPV Apis mellifera OP805882
Türkiye ABPV Apis mellifera OP805883
Türkiye ABPV Apis mellifera OP805884

Similarity rates of DWV isolates with other isolates from the world

Country Organism Host Accession number Similarity rate (%) Reference
Israel DWV Apis mellifera JF440526 98.06 Zioni et al., 2011
Germany DWV Varroa destructor KX146843 97.88 Grau et al., 2017
France DWV Apis mellifera KX373900 97.51 Dalmon et al., 2017
United Kingdom DWV synthetic construct KT215905 97.06 Ryabov, 2015 (unpublished)
Japan Kakugo virus Apis mellifera AB070959 96.61 Fujiyuki et al., 2004
Germany DWV Varroa destructor KX146844 96.34 Grau et al., 2017
Turkey DWV Apis mellifera KP835214 97.09 Rüstemoğlu & Sipahioğlu, 2019
Africa DWV Apis mellifera adansonii KF378605 96.19 Cornelissen et al., 2014 (unpublished)
Lithuania DWV Apis mellifera KF840795 97.09 Skrodenyte-Arbaciauskiene et al., 2014 (unpublished)
Sweden DWV Apis mellifera MH267695 97.31 Thaduri et al., 2018
Türkiye DWV Apis mellifera OP805878
Türkiye DWV Apis mellifera OP805880
Türkiye DWV Apis mellifera OP805888
Türkiye DWV Apis mellifera OP805887
Türkiye DWV Apis mellifera OP805890
Türkiye DWV Apis mellifera OP805879
Türkiye DWV Apis mellifera OP805889
Türkiye DWV Varroa sp. OP805891

Similarity rates of BQCV isolates with other isolates from the world

Country Organism Host Accession number Similarity rate (%) Reference
China BQCV Apis mellifera MG799370 87.86 Sun et al., 2013 (unpublished)
South Korea BQCV Apis mellifera JX149531 87.40 Reddy et al., 2013
Czech Republic BQCV Apis mellifera KY243932 87.91 Spurny et al., 2017
France BQCV Vespa velutina nigrithorax MN565034 87.98 Dalmon et al., 2019
Hungary BQCV Apis mellifera EF517515 89.02 Tapaszti et al., 2009
Turkey (Hakkari) BQCV Apis mellifera KP835213 96.78 Rüstemoğlu & Sipahioğlu, 2019
Poland BQCV Apis mellifera EF517520 90.02 Tapaszti et al., 2009
South Africa BQCV Apis mellifera AF183905 89.34 Leat et al., 2000
Australia BQCV Apis mellifera KY465685 90.21 Roberts et al., 2017
Sweden BQCV Apis mellifera MH267694 89.81 Thaduri et al., 2018
Türkiye BQCV Apis mellifera OP805881
Türkiye BQCV Apis mellifera OP805882
Türkiye BQCV Apis mellifera OP805883
Türkiye BQCV Apis mellifera OP805884

DWV, ABPV and BQCV infections in honey bee and Varroa mite samples in the Malatya and Elazığ provinces

Honey bee samples
Province DWV ABPV BQCV

TS IS IR (%) IS IR (%) IS IR (%)
Malatya Battalgazi 35 10 28.57 10 28.57 9 25.71
Yeşilyurt 15 11 73.33 1 6.67 3 20.00
Doğanşehir 34 6 17.65 4 11.76 2 5.88
Total 84 27 32.14 15 17.86 14 16.67

Elazığ Arıcak 8 - - - - 1 12.50
Kovancılar 4 - - 1 25.00 - -
Palu 29 8 27.59 3 10.34 - -
Sivrice 14 - - - - - -
Keban 8 - - - - - -
Total 63 8 12.70 4 6.35 1 1.59

General Total 147 35 23.81 19 12.93 15 10.20

Varroa mite samples
Province DWV ABPV BQCV

TS IS IR(%) IS IR IS IR
Malatya 15 2 13.33 - - - -
Elazığ 15 3 20.00 - - - -
Total 30 5 16.66 - - - -
eISSN:
2299-4831
Langue:
Anglais
Périodicité:
2 fois par an
Sujets de la revue:
Life Sciences, Zoology, other