<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Managed honey bee populations have fluctuated over the past several decades in the U.S. While a single factor has not been identified for these losses, the interaction between multiple biotic and abiotic stressors have been suggested to be responsible. Of major concern are several invasive parasite and pathogen species as well as colony management. A single honey bee colony often suffers from multiple harmful agents, that may act synergistically and cause greater declines in bee health. We conducted a survey to detect known and lesser-known honey bee parasites and pathogens. While previous research has primarily focused on commercially managed colonies, research is limited to pertaining parasite and pathogen prevalence in hobbyist managed colonies. Molecular diagnostics were used to screen 541 Arkansas (AR) honey bee colonies from 107 hobbyist beekeepers for eight <italic>A. mellifera</italic> parasite and pathogen species. Colony samples were obtained between 2015–2016 and represented forty-seven of the seventy-five AR counties. <italic>Vairimorpha ceranae</italic> (11.6% occurrence) and parasite <italic>Varroa destructor</italic> (49.4% occurrence) were relatively common in AR hobbyist colonies. Interestingly, the lesser-studied pathogenic trypanosome species, <italic>Lotmaria passim</italic>, was detected in 11.3% of the colonies and widespread in twenty of the forty-seven counties sampled. None of the honey bee pathogens <italic>Vairimorpha apis</italic>, <italic>Spiroplasma apis</italic>, <italic>S. melliferum</italic>, <italic>Crithidia mellificae</italic>, or the parasitic phorid fly, <italic>Apocephalus borealis</italic>, were detected in the colonies sampled. This study provides an extensive assessment of the parasite and pathogen species occurring at the AR state-level in hobbyist-managed honey bee colonies.</p>
</abstract>

Managed honey bee populations have fluctuated over the past several decades in the U.S. While a single factor has not been identified for these losses, the interaction between multiple biotic and abiotic stressors have been suggested to be responsible. Of major concern are several invasive parasite and pathogen species as well as colony management. A single honey bee colony often suffers from multiple harmful agents, that may act synergistically and cause greater declines in bee health. We conducted a survey to detect known and lesser-known honey bee parasites and pathogens. While previous research has primarily focused on commercially managed colonies, research is limited to pertaining parasite and pathogen prevalence in hobbyist managed colonies. Molecular diagnostics were used to screen 541 Arkansas (AR) honey bee colonies from 107 hobbyist beekeepers for eight A. mellifera parasite and pathogen species. Colony samples were obtained between 2015–2016 and represented forty-seven of the seventy-five AR counties. Vairimorpha ceranae (11.6% occurrence) and parasite Varroa destructor (49.4% occurrence) were relatively common in AR hobbyist colonies. Interestingly, the lesser-studied pathogenic trypanosome species, Lotmaria passim, was detected in 11.3% of the colonies and widespread in twenty of the forty-seven counties sampled. None of the honey bee pathogens Vairimorpha apis, Spiroplasma apis, S. melliferum, Crithidia mellificae, or the parasitic phorid fly, Apocephalus borealis, were detected in the colonies sampled. This study provides an extensive assessment of the parasite and pathogen species occurring at the AR state-level in hobbyist-managed honey bee colonies.

Molecular Diagnostic Survey of Honey Bee, <italic>Apis mellifera</italic> L., Pathogens and Parasites from Arkansas, USA

Journal of Apicultural Science

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Molecular Diagnostic Survey of Honey Bee,  L., Pathogens and Parasites from Arkansas, USA

Managed honey bee populations have fluctuated over the past several decades in the U.S. While a single factor has not been identified for these losses, the...

Primer	Sequence	Reference
E2	F: 5′-GGCAGAATAAGTGCATTG-3′	A
H2	R: 5′-CAATATCATTGATGACC-3′	A
NosemaSSU-1F	F: 5′-ACAATATGTATTAGATCTGATATA-3′	B
NosemaSSU-1R	R: 5′-TAATGATATGCTTAAG TTCAAAG-3′	B
Phorid-rRNA-1F	F: 5′-GTACACCTATACATTGGGTTCGTACATT AC-3′	C
Phorid-rRNA-1R	R: 5′-GAGRGCCATAAAAGTAGCTACACC-3′	C
S.apis ITS-F	F: 5′-AATGCCAGAAGCACGTATCC-3′	D
S.apis ITS-R	R: 5′-GAACGAGATATACTCATAAGCTGTTACAC-3′	D
Ms-160 F	F: 5′-TTGCA AAAGCTGTTTTAGATGC-3′	D
Ms-160-R	R: 5′-TGACCAGAAATGTTTGCTGAA-3′	D
CBSSU rRNA F2	F: 5′-CTTTTGACGAACAACTGCCCTATC-3′	E
CBSSU rRNA B4	R: 5′-AACCGAACGCACTAAACCCC-3′	E
L.passim18S-F	F: 5′-AGGGATATTTAAACCC ATCGAAAATCT-3′	F
C.mel 474-F	F: 5′-TTTACGCA TGTCATGCATGCCA-3′	F

Molecular Diagnostic Survey of Honey Bee, Apis mellifera L., Pathogens and Parasites from Arkansas, USA

Article Category: Original Article

Publié en ligne: 27 déc. 2022

Pages: 149 - 158

Reçu: 17 févr. 2022

Accepté: 09 nov. 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2022-0014

Mots clés
Arkansas, molecular diagnostics, parasite, pathogen

© 2022 Dylan Cleary et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

List of PCR primers used in molecular detection of parasites and pathogens in this study

Molecular Diagnostic Survey of Honey Bee, Apis mellifera L., Pathogens and Parasites from Arkansas, USA

Article Category: Original Article

Publié en ligne: 27 déc. 2022

Pages: 149 - 158

Reçu: 17 févr. 2022

Accepté: 09 nov. 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2022-0014

Mots clésArkansas, molecular diagnostics, parasite, pathogen

© 2022 Dylan Cleary et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

List of PCR primers used in molecular detection of parasites and pathogens in this study

Mots clés
Arkansas, molecular diagnostics, parasite, pathogen