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Quality Attributes of Local and Imported Honeys Commercialized in Algeria

Kheira Dahmani
Kheira Dahmani
, 
Jinane B. Houdeib
Jinane B. Houdeib
, 
Amina Zouambi
Amina Zouambi
, 
Badis Bendeddouche
Badis Bendeddouche
, 
Miguel Fernández-Muiño
Miguel Fernández-Muiño
, 
Sandra M. Osés
Sandra M. Osés
 et 
M. Teresa Sancho
M. Teresa Sancho
   | 22 sept. 2020
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Article Category: Original Article
Publié en ligne: 22 sept. 2020
Pages: 251 - 262
Reçu: 21 nov. 2019
Accepté: 19 juin 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2020-0019
Mots clés
© 2020 Kheira Dahmani et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Principal component analysis of electrical conductivity, moisture, degrees Brix, free acid, proline, diastase, acid phosphatase, total carotenoid and TPC (honey extract) in Algerian honeys labeled as spurge (A-S), jujube (A-J) and multifloral (A-M), as well as in imported (I) honeys.
Principal component analysis of electrical conductivity, moisture, degrees Brix, free acid, proline, diastase, acid phosphatase, total carotenoid and TPC (honey extract) in Algerian honeys labeled as spurge (A-S), jujube (A-J) and multifloral (A-M), as well as in imported (I) honeys.

Unacceptable percentage of Algerian (n= 15) and imported (n= 14) honey samples according to international regulations. A-S: Algerian spurge-labeled honeys. A-J: Algerian jujube-labeled honeys.

REGULATIONUnacceptable percentage of samples
PARAMETERCodex (2001), OJEC (2002)A-S (n= 5)A-J (n= 5)A-M (n= 5)Algerian honeys (n= 15)Imported honeys (n= 14)
Electrical conductivity (mS/cm)< 0.8 mS/cm00000
Moisture (%)< 20%00000
Free acid (meq/kg)< 50 meq/kg00206.70
HMF (mg/kg)< 40 mg/kg0202013.342.8
Diastase number (Schade units)> 8 (Schade scale)0202013.371.4
Specifications of different countries (Thrasyvoulou et al., 2018)
Invertase (U/kg)Germany: > 60 U/kg (Auslese Honig)> 80 U/kg (Feine Auslese Honig)040202035.7
040202042.9
Proline (mg/kg)Poland: > 250 mg/kg040202021.4
Turkey: > 120 mg/kg (acacia, rosemary honeys)7.17.1
> 180 mg/kg (bakery, canola, citrus, lavender, lime and eucalyptus honeys)> 300 mg/kg040202014.3

Average, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values of physicochemical parameters of the analysed Algerian (n=15) and imported (n=14) honeys. A-S: Algerian spurge-labeled honeys. A-J: Algerian jujube-labeled honeys. A-M: Algerian multifloral-labeled honeys.

A-S (n= 5)A-J (n= 5)A-M (n= 5)Algerian honeys (n= 15)Imported honeys (n= 14)
Properties/ParametersMean±SD (range)Mean±SD (range)Mean±SD (range)Mean±SD (range)Mean±SD (range)
Electrical conductivity (mS/cm)0.26±0.09 (0.15–0.39)0.35±0.16 (0.19–0.56)0.28±0.18 (0.09–0.56)0.30±0.14b (0.09–0.56)0.17±0.12a (0.04–0.48)
Moisture (%)15.20±0.97 (14.00–16.50)16.70±1.30 (15.00–18.00)16.70±1.82 (15.00–19.50)16.20±1.50a (14.00–19.50)17.71±1.31b (14.50–19.50)
Degrees BRIX (°Bx)83.30±0.84 (82.00–84.00)81.80±1.25 (80.50–83.00)82.20±1.89 (79.00–83.50)82.43±1.45b (79.00–84.00)81.18±1.05a (80.00–84.00)
pH3.93±0.20 (3.70–4.21)3.88±0.92 (2.53–4.99)3.84±0.30 (3.62–4.34)3.88±0.53a (2.53–4.99)3.60±0.38a (3.18–4.24)
Free acid (meq/kg)22.20±5.72 (15.00–30.00)31.20±18.21 (6.00–50.00)39.40±22.94 (27.00–80.00)30.93±17.53a (6.00–80.00)22.21±7.63a (13.00–43.00)
HMF (mg/kg)9.05±1.75 (6.80–11.52)15.38±20.06 (0.00–46.70)46.14±73.70 (3.59–177.0)23.52±44.15a (0.00–177.0)103.60±147.08b (19.31–580.83)
Diastase number (Schade units)15.18±3.90 (10.60–20.50)17.16±13.58 (5.30–40.00)16.74±14.44 (0.20–32.60)16.36±10.83b (0.20–40.00)7.11±2.26a (3.40–11.70)
Invertase (U/kg)155.78±42.44 (118.81–228.56)114.64±105.58 (19.39–207.58)124.64±92.60 (7.87–233.88)132.90±78.07a (7.87–233.88)109.73±112.24a (10.52–377.48)
Acid phosphatase (mg P/100 g/24h)38.62±3.86 (34.48–44.86)48.51±13.09 (33.87–59.09)41.96±7.99 (33.56–55.06)43.03±9.46a (33.56–59.09)55.62±8.34b (26.86–59.41)
Proline (mg/kg)839.42±215.38 (552.79–1126.13)832.98±644.22 (112.01–530.27)1006.01±659.70 (20.56–1877.69)892.80±512.88b (20.56–1877.69)487.66±275.32a (28.64–976.89)
Total carotenoid (mg β-carotene/kg)8.84±2.92 (5.90–12.47)9.75±3.64 (4.68–14.93)20.46±22.06 (4.38–59.07)13.02±13.23a (4.38–59.07)7.20±3.74a (1.62–16.56)
Total phenol raw honey (mg gallic acid/100 g)38.81±20.00 (24.52–74.08)53.50±25.71 (33.56–96.26)47.09±17.28 (24.10–62.86)46.46±20.67a (24.10–96.26)57.87±25.31a (33.86–114.88)
Total phenol honey extract (mg gallic acid/100 g)15.05±1.74 (12.64–17.51)25.15±14.43 (12.30–47.02)20.56±5.41 (14.33–27.97)20.25±9.33b (12.30–47.02)15.07±7.95a (8.14–34.88)
Total flavonoids-neutral medium-(mg quercetin/100 g)11.17±7.51 (2.94–20.49)7.01±2.99 (3.90–10.64)8.63±4.26 (2.51–14.08)8.94±5.20a (2.51–20.49)10.73±15.16a (2.48–59.93)
Total flavonoids-alkaline medium-(mg catechin/100 g)30.28±3.09 (27.79–35.48)30.87±4.71 (26.89–38.70)33.20±8.49 (26.58–47.77)31.45±5.60b (26.58–47.77)26.95±6.71a (13.37–41.31)
o-Diphenols (μg cathechol/100 g)11.79±13.97 (2.78–32.59)11.50±9.11 (2.09–23.97)18.84±20.22 (5.19–53.27)14.20±14.46a (2.09–53.27)14.67±10.40a (0.19–44.55)
TEAC (μmol trolox/100 g)221.80±80.60 (143.18–336.79)273.86±139.73 (121.12–448.78)187.25±119.83 (21.76–334.82)227.64±113.56a (21.76–488.78)243.01±205.80a (38.82–733.55)
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