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Feasibility analysis of wireless power delivery to implanted sensors of XLIF patients

Subhas C. Mukhopadhyay

Subhas C. Mukhopadhyay

School of Engineering, Macquarie UniversityAustralia
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Mukhopadhyay, Subhas C.
, 
Isaac Senn

Isaac Senn

School of Engineering, Macquarie UniversityAustralia
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Senn, Isaac
, 
Vivek Ramakrishna

Vivek Ramakrishna

University of New South WalesSydney, Australia
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Ramakrishna, Vivek
, 
Boby George

Boby George

Department of Medical Sciences and Technology, IIT MadrasIndia
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George, Boby
, 
Gangadhara Prusty

Gangadhara Prusty

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New South WalesAustralia
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Prusty, Gangadhara
 et 
Ashish Diwan

Ashish Diwan

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. George Hospital, UNSWAustralia
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Diwan, Ashish
  
28 sept. 2024
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Catégorie d'article: Article
Publié en ligne: 28 sept. 2024
Reçu: 22 juin 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2024-0028
Mots clés
© 2024 Subhas C. Mukhopadhyay et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

A. Cross-sectional view, B. Normal view. LIF surgery types and their relevant access points [1]. LIF, lumbar interbody fusion.
A. Cross-sectional view, B. Normal view. LIF surgery types and their relevant access points [1]. LIF, lumbar interbody fusion.

Figure 2:

Vertical, horizontal, planar, and angular misalignment [113].
Vertical, horizontal, planar, and angular misalignment [113].

Figure 3:

Piezoresistive sensor array.
Piezoresistive sensor array.

Figure 4:

High power transmitting coil and circuitry.
High power transmitting coil and circuitry.

Figure 5:

Implant standalone version (left) and screwed version (right) [96].
Implant standalone version (left) and screwed version (right) [96].

Figure 6:

Coil V1, V2, and V3 designs using standalone implant geometry.
Coil V1, V2, and V3 designs using standalone implant geometry.

Figure 7:

Vertical misalignment testing setup.
Vertical misalignment testing setup.

Figure 8:

Half-bridge receiver perfectly tuned for 0.4 mm standalone v3 coil.
Half-bridge receiver perfectly tuned for 0.4 mm standalone v3 coil.

Figure 9:

Receiver half-bridge distant dependent CC results through air.
Receiver half-bridge distant dependent CC results through air.

Figure 10:

X-ray of a natural spine [119], kyphosis [118], and lordosis [117].
X-ray of a natural spine [119], kyphosis [118], and lordosis [117].

Figure 11:

Receiver CC results at different distances and angles.
Receiver CC results at different distances and angles.

Figure 12:

Vertical misalignment testing setup using tissue substitutes.
Vertical misalignment testing setup using tissue substitutes.

Figure 13:

Receiver CC results at different distances through tissue.
Receiver CC results at different distances through tissue.

Figure 14:

Temperature sensor setup.
Temperature sensor setup.

Figure 15:

Receiver coil temperature as a function of time.
Receiver coil temperature as a function of time.

PTE and PDL losses due to angular misalignment_

Misalignment (°) Loss in PTE (%) Loss in PDL (%)
0 0 0
15 24–34 24–34
30 56–59 56–59
60 74–81 74–81
90 95–97 95–97

EFM8BB52 microcontroller component current requirements [94]_

Parameter Symbol Typ Unit
Normal mode at 80 kHz using low-frequency oscillator INORMAL 612 µA
ADC supply current at full speed with 12-bit conversions IADC 250 µA
External voltage reference input current IEXTVREF 5 µA
Current for VDD divider when VDD used as VREF IVDDRED 16 µA
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