Do entrepreneurial and digital orientations impact e-marketing adoption? The COVID-19 pandemic context¹

Aboobaker, N., Zakkariya, K.A. (2020), Influence of digital learning orientation and readiness for change on innovative work behaviour: Reflections from the higher education sector, Development and Learning in Organizations, Vol. 34, No. 20, pp. 25–28. doi: 10.1108/DLO-08-2019-0191. Aboobaker N. Zakkariya K.A. ( 2020 ), Influence of digital learning orientation and readiness for change on innovative work behaviour: Reflections from the higher education sector , Development and Learning in Organizations , Vol. 34 , No. 20 , pp. 25 – 28 . doi: 10.1108/DLO-08-2019-0191 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Aladayleh, K., Alvadaro, L.E.M., Jaafari, A. (2020), Innovative marketing approach in project management: A market orientation perspective, Journal of Innovations in Digital Marketing, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1–10. doi: 10.51300/jidm-2020-14. Aladayleh K. Alvadaro L.E.M. Jaafari A . ( 2020 ), Innovative marketing approach in project management: A market orientation perspective , Journal of Innovations in Digital Marketing , Vol. 1 , No. 1 , pp. 1 – 10 . doi: 10.51300/jidm-2020-14 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Almeida, F., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, J.A. (2020), The challenges and opportunities in the digitalization of companies in a post-COVID world, IEEE Engineering Management Review, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 97–103. doi: 10.1109/EMR.2020.3013206. Almeida F. Santos J.D. Monteiro J.A. ( 2020 ), The challenges and opportunities in the digitalization of companies in a post-COVID world , IEEE Engineering Management Review , Vol. 48 , No. 3 , pp. 97 – 103 . doi: 10.1109/EMR.2020.3013206 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Alnawas, I., Farha, A.A. (2020), Strategic orientations and capabilities’ effect on SMEs’ performance, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 38, No. 7, pp. 829–845. doi: 10.1108/MIP-11-2019-0548. Alnawas I. Farha A.A. ( 2020 ), Strategic orientations and capabilities’ effect on SMEs’ performance , Marketing Intelligence and Planning , Vol. 38 , No. 7 , pp. 829 – 845 . doi: 10.1108/MIP-11-2019-0548 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Aziz, N., Yasin, N.M. (2004), The influence of market orientation on marketing competency and the effect of Internet-marketing integration, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 1–17. doi: 10.1108/13555850410765159. Aziz N. Yasin N.M. ( 2004 ), The influence of market orientation on marketing competency and the effect of Internet-marketing integration , Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics , Vol. 16 , No. 2 , pp. 1 – 17 . doi: 10.1108/13555850410765159 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Baldegger, R., Caon, M., Sadiku, K. (2020), Correlation between entrepreneurial orientation and implementation of AI I human resource management (HRM), Technology Innovation Management Review, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 72–79. Baldegger R. Caon M. Sadiku K . ( 2020 ), Correlation between entrepreneurial orientation and implementation of AI I human resource management (HRM) , Technology Innovation Management Review , Vol. 10 , No. 4 , pp. 72 – 79 . Search in Google Scholar

Barbieri, P., Boffelli, A., Elia, S., Fratocchi, L., Kalchschmidt, M., Samson, D. (2020), What can we learn about reshoring after COVID-19? Operations Management Research, Vol. 13, pp. 131–136. doi: 10.1007/s12063-020-00160-1. Barbieri P. Boffelli A. Elia S. Fratocchi L. Kalchschmidt M. Samson D . ( 2020 ), What can we learn about reshoring after COVID-19? Operations Management Research , Vol. 13 , pp. 131 – 136 . doi: 10.1007/s12063-020-00160-1 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Barnes, S.J. (2020), Information management research and practice in the post-COVID-19 world, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 1–4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102175. Barnes S.J. ( 2020 ), Information management research and practice in the post-COVID-19 world , International Journal of Information Management , Vol. 55 , No. 1 , pp. 1 – 4 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102175 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Barney, J. (1991), Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage, Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 99–120. doi: 10.1177/014920639101700108. Barney J . ( 1991 ), Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage , Journal of Management , Vol. 17 , No. 1 , pp. 99 – 120 . doi: 10.1177/014920639101700108 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Bido, D., da Silva, D., Ringle, C. (2014), Structural equation modeling with the SmartPLS, Brazilian Journal of Marketing, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 56–73, retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2676422. Bido D. da Silva D. Ringle C . ( 2014 ), Structural equation modeling with the SmartPLS , Brazilian Journal of Marketing , Vol. 13 , No. 2 , pp. 56 – 73 , retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2676422. Search in Google Scholar

Bolton, D.L., Lane, M.D. (2012), Individual entrepreneurial orientation: Development of a measurement instrument, Education and Training, Vol. 54, No. 2/3, pp. 219–233. doi: 10.1108/00400911211210314. Bolton D.L. Lane M.D. ( 2012 ), Individual entrepreneurial orientation: Development of a measurement instrument , Education and Training , Vol. 54 , No. 2/3 , pp. 219 – 233 . doi: 10.1108/00400911211210314 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Chashmehzangi, A. (2021), From transitions to transformation: A brief review of the potential impacts of COVID-19 on boosting digitalization, and systems thinking in the built environment, Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, Vol. 9, pp. 26–39. doi: 10.2436/jbcpr.2021.91003. Chashmehzangi A . ( 2021 ), From transitions to transformation: A brief review of the potential impacts of COVID-19 on boosting digitalization, and systems thinking in the built environment , Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research , Vol. 9 , pp. 26 – 39 . doi: 10.2436/jbcpr.2021.91003 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Chen, Y., Tang, G., Jin, J., Xie, Q., Li, J. (2014). CEO`s transformational leadership and product innovation performance: the roles of corporate entrepreneurship and technology orientation, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(SI), pp. 2–17. doi: 10.1111/jpim.12188. Chen Y. Tang G. Jin J. Xie Q. Li J . ( 2014 ). CEO`s transformational leadership and product innovation performance: the roles of corporate entrepreneurship and technology orientation , Journal of Product Innovation Management , 31 ( SI ), pp. 2 – 17 . doi: 10.1111/jpim.12188 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Covin, J.G., Riggterin, J.P.C., Hugghes, M., Kraus, M., Kraus, S., Chen, C.F., Boucken, R.B. (2020), Individual and team entrepreneurial orientation: Scale development and configurations for success, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 112, No. 1, pp. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.02.023. Covin J.G. Riggterin J.P.C. Hugghes M. Kraus M. Kraus S. Chen C.F. Boucken R.B. ( 2020 ), Individual and team entrepreneurial orientation: Scale development and configurations for success , Journal of Business Research , Vol. 112 , No. 1 , pp. 1 – 12 . doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.02.023 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Covin, J.G., Slevin, D.P. (1989), Strategic management of small firms in hostile and environments, Strategic Management, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 75–87. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250100107. Covin J.G. Slevin D.P. ( 1989 ), Strategic management of small firms in hostile and environments , Strategic Management , Vol. 10 , No. 1 , pp. 75 – 87 . doi: 10.1002/smj.4250100107 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Covin, J.G., Wales, W. (2019), Crafting high-impact entrepreneurial orientation research: Some suggested guidelines, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 3–18. doi: 10.1177/1042258718773181. Covin J.G. Wales W . ( 2019 ), Crafting high-impact entrepreneurial orientation research: Some suggested guidelines , Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , Vol. 43 , No. 1 , pp. 3 – 18 . doi: 10.1177/1042258718773181 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dann, S., Dann, S. (2009), E-marketing: Theory and application, Palgrave MacMillan, New York. Dann S. Dann S . ( 2009 ), E-marketing: Theory and application , Palgrave MacMillan , New York . Search in Google Scholar

Donthu, N., Gustafsson, A. (2020), Effects of COVID-19 on business and research, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 117, pp. 284–289. doi: 10.1016/j.busres.2020.06.008. Donthu N. Gustafsson A . ( 2020 ), Effects of COVID-19 on business and research , Journal of Business Research , Vol. 117 , pp. 284 – 289 . doi: 10.1016/j.busres.2020.06.008 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Eggers, F., Kraus, S., Laraway, S., Snycerski, S. (2013), Implications of customer and entrepreneurial orientations for SME growth, Management Decision, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 521–546. doi: 10.1108/00251741311309643. Eggers F. Kraus S. Laraway S. Snycerski S . ( 2013 ), Implications of customer and entrepreneurial orientations for SME growth , Management Decision , Vol. 51 , No. 3 , pp. 521 – 546 . doi: 10.1108/00251741311309643 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Eller, R., Alford, P., Kallmünzer, A., Peters, M. (2020), Antecedents, consequences, and challenges of small and medium-sized enterprise digitalization, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 112, pp. 119–127. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.004. Eller R. Alford P. Kallmünzer A. Peters M . ( 2020 ), Antecedents, consequences, and challenges of small and medium-sized enterprise digitalization , Journal of Business Research , Vol. 112 , pp. 119 – 127 . doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.004 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fan, M., Qalati, S.A., Khan, M.A.A., Shah, S.M.M., Ramzan, M., Khan, R.S. (2021), Effects of entrepreneurial orientation on social media adoption and SME performance: The moderating role of innovation capabilities, PLoS ONE, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 1–14. doi: 10.1371/journal.prone.0247320. Fan M. Qalati S.A. Khan M.A.A. Shah S.M.M. Ramzan M. Khan R.S. ( 2021 ), Effects of entrepreneurial orientation on social media adoption and SME performance: The moderating role of innovation capabilities , PLoS ONE , Vol. 16 , No. 4 , pp. 1 – 14 . doi: 10.1371/journal.prone.0247320 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Faraj, S., Renno, W., Bharadwaj, A. (2021), Unto the breach: What COVID-19 pandemic exposes about digitalization, Information and Organization, Vol. 31, pp. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100337. Faraj S. Renno W. Bharadwaj A . ( 2021 ), Unto the breach: What COVID-19 pandemic exposes about digitalization , Information and Organization , Vol. 31 , pp. 1 – 7 . doi: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100337 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fletcher, G., Griffiths, M. (2020), Digital transformation during a lockdown, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 55, pp. 1–3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102185. Fletcher G. Griffiths M . ( 2020 ), Digital transformation during a lockdown , International Journal of Information Management , Vol. 55 , pp. 1 – 3 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102185 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fuller, C.M., Simmering, M.J., Atinc, G., Atinc, Y., Babin, B.J. (2016), Common methods variance detection in business research, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 69, No. 8, pp. 3192–3198. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.008. Fuller C.M. Simmering M.J. Atinc G. Atinc Y. Babin B.J. ( 2016 ), Common methods variance detection in business research , Journal of Business Research , Vol. 69 , No. 8 , pp. 3192 – 3198 . doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.008 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Gatignon, H., Xuereb, J.M. (1997), Strategic orientation of the firm and new product performance, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 34, pp. 77–90. doi: 10.1177/002224379703400107. Gatignon H. Xuereb J.M. ( 1997 ), Strategic orientation of the firm and new product performance , Journal of Marketing Research , Vol. 34 , pp. 77 – 90 . doi: 10.1177/002224379703400107 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Goldman, S.P.K., van Herk, H., Verhagen, T., Weltevreden, J.W.J. (2021), Strategic orientations and digital marketing tactics in cross-border e-commerce: comparing developed and emerging markets, International Small Business Journal, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 350–371. doi: 10.11177/0266242620962658. Goldman S.P.K. van Herk H. Verhagen T. Weltevreden J.W.J. ( 2021 ), Strategic orientations and digital marketing tactics in cross-border e-commerce: comparing developed and emerging markets , International Small Business Journal , Vol. 39 , No. 4 , pp. 350 – 371 . doi: 10.11177/0266242620962658 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Guo, H., Yang, Z., Huan, R., Guo, A. (2020), The digitalization and public crisis responses of small and medium entreprises: Implications from a COVID-19 survey, Frontiers of Business Research in China, Vol. 14, No. 19, pp. 25–32. Guo H. Yang Z. Huan R. Guo A . ( 2020 ), The digitalization and public crisis responses of small and medium entreprises: Implications from a COVID-19 survey , Frontiers of Business Research in China , Vol. 14 , No. 19 , pp. 25 – 32 . Search in Google Scholar

Gutierrez, A., Boukrami, E., Lumsden, R. (2015), Technological, organizational and environmental factors influencing managers’ decision to adopt cloud computing in the UK, Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 788–807. doi: 10.1108/JEIM-01-2015-0001. Gutierrez A. Boukrami E. Lumsden R . ( 2015 ), Technological, organizational and environmental factors influencing managers’ decision to adopt cloud computing in the UK , Journal of Enterprise Information Management , Vol. 28 , No. 6 , pp. 788 – 807 . doi: 10.1108/JEIM-01-2015-0001 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hair, J., Hollingsworth, C.L., Randolph, A.B., Chong, A.Y.L. (2017), An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information systems research, Industrial Management and Data Systems, Vol. 117, No. 3, pp. 442–458. doi: 10.1108/ IMDS-04-2016-0130. Hair J. Hollingsworth C.L. Randolph A.B. Chong A.Y.L. ( 2017 ), An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information systems research , Industrial Management and Data Systems , Vol. 117 , No. 3 , pp. 442 – 458 . doi: 10.1108/ IMDS-04-2016-0130 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hair, Jr. J.F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., Kuppelwieser, V.G. (2014), Partial last squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research, European Business Research, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 106–121. doi: 10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128. Hair J.F. Jr. Sarstedt M. Hopkins L. Kuppelwieser V.G. ( 2014 ), Partial last squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research , European Business Research , Vol. 26 , No. 2 , pp. 106 – 121 . doi: 10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hakala, H. (2011), Strategic orientations in management literature: Three approaches to understanding the interaction between market, technology, entrepreneurial and learning orientations, International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 13, pp. 199–217. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00292.x. Hakala H . ( 2011 ), Strategic orientations in management literature: Three approaches to understanding the interaction between market , technology, entrepreneurial and learning orientations, International Journal of Management Reviews , Vol. 13 , pp. 199 – 217 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00292.x . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hess, T., Matt, C., Benlian, A., Wiesböck, F. (2016), Options for formulating a digital transformation strategy, MIS Quartely ExecutIve, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 151–173. Hess T. Matt C. Benlian A. Wiesböck F . ( 2016 ), Options for formulating a digital transformation strategy , MIS Quartely ExecutIve , Vol. 15 , No. 2 , pp. 151 – 173 . Search in Google Scholar

Hidajat, W., Woloejo, H.D., Dewi, R.S. (2021), Entrepreneurial orientation: Ability to create innovations during the COVID-19 pandemic, Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Indonesian Social and Political Enquiries. ICCISPE 2020, pp. 9–10. doi: 10.4108/eai.9-10-2020.2304789. Hidajat W. Woloejo H.D. Dewi R.S. ( 2021 ), Entrepreneurial orientation: Ability to create innovations during the COVID-19 pandemic , Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Indonesian Social and Political Enquiries . ICCISPE 2020 , pp. 9 – 10 . doi: 10.4108/eai.9-10-2020.2304789 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hoekstra, J.C., Leeflang, P.S.H. (2020), Marketing in the era of COVID-19, Italian Journal of Marketing, 2020, pp. 249–260. doi: 10.1007/s43039-020-00016-3. Hoekstra J.C. Leeflang P.S.H. ( 2020 ), Marketing in the era of COVID-19 , Italian Journal of Marketing , 2020 , pp. 249 – 260 . doi: 10.1007/s43039-020-00016-3 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Jaganathan, M., Ahmad, S., Ishak, K.A., Nafi, S.N.M., Uthamputhran, L. (2018), Determinants for ICT adoption and problems: evidence from rural based small and medium enterprises in Malaysia. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 22(4): pp. 1–14. Jaganathan M. Ahmad S. Ishak K.A. Nafi S.N.M. Uthamputhran L . ( 2018 ), Determinants for ICT adoption and problems: evidence from rural based small and medium enterprises in Malaysia . International Journal of Entrepreneurship , 22 ( 4 ): pp. 1 – 14 . Search in Google Scholar

Jaworski, B.J., Kohli, A.K. (1993), Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 53–70. doi: 10.1177/002224299305700304. Jaworski B.J. Kohli A.K. ( 1993 ), Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences , Journal of Marketing , Vol. 57 , No. 3 , pp. 53 – 70 . doi: 10.1177/002224299305700304 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Khin, S., Ho, T.C. (2019), Digital technology, digital capability and organizational performance. A mediating role of digital innovation, International Journal of Innovation Science, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 177–196. doi: 10.1108/IJIS-08-2018-0083. Khin S. Ho T.C. ( 2019 ), Digital technology, digital capability and organizational performance. A mediating role of digital innovation , International Journal of Innovation Science , Vol. 11 , No. 2 , pp. 177 – 196 . doi: 10.1108/IJIS-08-2018-0083 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kilenthong, P., Hultman, C.M., Hills, G.E. (2016), Entrepreneurial orientation as determinant of entrepreneurial marketing behaviors, Journal of Small Business Strategy, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 1–21. Kilenthong P. Hultman C.M. Hills G.E. ( 2016 ), Entrepreneurial orientation as determinant of entrepreneurial marketing behaviors , Journal of Small Business Strategy , Vol. 26 , No. 2 , pp. 1 – 21 . Search in Google Scholar

Kindermann, B., Beutel, S., de Lomana, G.G., Strese, S., Bendig, D., Brettel, M. (2020), Digital orientation: Conceptualization and operationalization of a new strategic orientation, European Management Journal, Vol. 39, pp. 645–657. doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2020.10.009. Kindermann B. Beutel S. de Lomana G.G. Strese S. Bendig D. Brettel M . ( 2020 ), Digital orientation: Conceptualization and operationalization of a new strategic orientation , European Management Journal , Vol. 39 , pp. 645 – 657 . doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2020.10.009 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kock, N. (2015), Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach, International Journal of e-Collaboration, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 1–10. doi: 10.4018/ijec.2015100101. Kock N . ( 2015 ), Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach , International Journal of e-Collaboration , Vol. 11 , No. 4 , pp. 1 – 10 . doi: 10.4018/ijec.2015100101 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Knight, G.A. (1997), Cross-cultural reliability and validity of a scale to measure firm entrepreneurial orientation, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 213–225. doi: 10.1080/10599231/2018/1419045. Knight G.A. ( 1997 ), Cross-cultural reliability and validity of a scale to measure firm entrepreneurial orientation , Journal of Business Venturing , Vol. 12 , No. 3 , pp. 213 – 225 . doi: 10.1080/10599231/2018/1419045 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Köksal, M.H., Özgül, E. (2007), The relationship between marketing strategies and performance in an economic crisis, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 326–342. doi: 10.1108/02634500710754574. Köksal M.H. Özgül E . ( 2007 ), The relationship between marketing strategies and performance in an economic crisis , Marketing Intelligence and Planning , Vol. 25 , No. 4 , pp. 326 – 342 . doi: 10.1108/02634500710754574 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

KPMG. (2020), COVID-19: A business impact series (2020), retrieved from https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/ng/pdf/advisory/covid-19-a-business-impact-series.pdf [20th January 2022]. KPMG . ( 2020 ), COVID-19: A business impact series ( 2020 ), retrieved from https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/ng/pdf/advisory/covid-19-a-business-impact-series.pdf [20th January 2022]. Search in Google Scholar

Kraus, S., Ritering, J.P.C., Hughes, M., Hosman, V. (2012), Entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of SMEs: A quantitative study from the Netherlands, Review of Managerial Science, Vol. 6, pp. 161–182. doi: 10.1007/s11846-011-0062-9. Kraus S. Ritering J.P.C. Hughes M. Hosman V . ( 2012 ), Entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of SMEs: A quantitative study from the Netherlands , Review of Managerial Science , Vol. 6 , pp. 161 – 182 . doi: 10.1007/s11846-011-0062-9 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kraus, S., Roig-Tierno, N., Bouncken, R.B. (2019), Digital innovation and venturing: An introduction into the digitalization of entrepreneurship, Review of Managerial Science, Vol. 13, pp. 519–528. doi: 10.1007/s11846-019-00333-8. Kraus S. Roig-Tierno N. Bouncken R.B. ( 2019 ), Digital innovation and venturing: An introduction into the digitalization of entrepreneurship , Review of Managerial Science , Vol. 13 , pp. 519 – 528 . doi: 10.1007/s11846-019-00333-8 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Li, Z., Anaba, O.A., Ma, Z., Li, M. (2021), Ghainan SMEs amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Evaluation the influence of entrepreneurial orientation, Sustainability, Vol. 13, pp. 1–27. doi: 10.3390/su13031131. Li Z. Anaba O.A. Ma Z. Li M . ( 2021 ), Ghainan SMEs amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Evaluation the influence of entrepreneurial orientation , Sustainability , Vol. 13 , pp. 1 – 27 . doi: 10.3390/su13031131 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lumpkin, G.T., Dess, G.G. (1996), Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 135–172. doi: 10.5465/amr.1996.9602161568. Lumpkin G.T. Dess G.G. ( 1996 ), Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance , Academy of Management Review , Vol. 21 , No. 1 , pp. 135 – 172 . doi: 10.5465/amr.1996.9602161568 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Martincevic, I. (2021), The correlation between digital technology and digital competitiveness, International Journal of Quality Research, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 541–558. doi: 10.248774/IJQR16.02-13. Martincevic I . ( 2021 ), The correlation between digital technology and digital competitiveness , International Journal of Quality Research , Vol. 16 , No. 2 , pp. 541 – 558 . doi: 10.248774/IJQR16.02-13 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Mathews, S.W., Maruama, M., Sakurai, Y., Bebenroth, R., Luck, E., Chen, H.L., Franco, E. (2018), Internet resources and capabilities: Japanese SME risk-taking, industry and performance, Asia Pacific Business Review, Vol. 24, No. 55, pp. 675–692. doi: 10.1080/13602381.2018.1492690. Mathews S.W. Maruama M. Sakurai Y. Bebenroth R. Luck E. Chen H.L. Franco E . ( 2018 ), Internet resources and capabilities: Japanese SME risk-taking, industry and performance , Asia Pacific Business Review , Vol. 24 , No. 55 , pp. 675 – 692 . doi: 10.1080/13602381.2018.1492690 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Meekaewkunchorn, N., Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K., Muangmee, C.K. (2021), Entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance: The mediating role of learning orientation, Economics and Sociology, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 294–312. doi: 10.14252/2071789X.2021/14-2/16. Meekaewkunchorn N. Szczepańska-Woszczyna K. Muangmee C.K. ( 2021 ), Entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance: The mediating role of learning orientation , Economics and Sociology , Vol. 14 , No. 2 , pp. 294 – 312 . doi: 10.14252/2071789X.2021/14-2/16 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Miller, D. (1983), The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms, Management Science, Vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 770–791. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770. Miller D . ( 1983 ), The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms , Management Science , Vol. 29 , No. 7 , pp. 770 – 791 . doi: 10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Morgan Stanley. (2022), Here’s why e-commerce growth can stay stronger for longer, retrived from https://www.morgan-stanley.com/ideas/global-ecommerce-growth-forecast-2022 [2nd January 2023]. Stanley Morgan . ( 2022 ), Here’s why e-commerce growth can stay stronger for longer , retrived from https://www.morgan-stanley.com/ideas/global-ecommerce-growth-forecast-2022 [2nd January 2023]. Search in Google Scholar

Nanda, A., Xu, Y., Zhang, F. (2021), How would the COVID-19 pandemic reshape retail real estate and high streets through acceleration of e-commerce and digitalization? Journal of Urban Management, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 110–124. doi: 10.1016/j.jum.2021.04.001. Nanda A. Xu Y. Zhang F . ( 2021 ), How would the COVID-19 pandemic reshape retail real estate and high streets through acceleration of e-commerce and digitalization? Journal of Urban Management , Vol. 10 , No. 4 , pp. 110 – 124 . doi: 10.1016/j.jum.2021.04.001 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Nasution, M.D.T.P., Rafiki, A., Lubis, A., Rossanty, Y. (2021), Entrepreneurial orientation, knowlede manaement, dynamic capabilities onwards e-commerce adoption of SMEs in Indonesia, Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 256–282. Nasution M.D.T.P. Rafiki A. Lubis A. Rossanty Y . ( 2021 ), Entrepreneurial orientation, knowlede manaement, dynamic capabilities onwards e-commerce adoption of SMEs in Indonesia , Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management , Vol. 12 , No. 2 , pp. 256 – 282 . Search in Google Scholar

Niemand, T., Rigtering, C., Kallmünzer, A., Kraus, S., Matijas, S. (2017), Entrepreneurial orientation and digitalization in the financial service industry: A continency, Education+Training, Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 66–78, retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2017_rp/70/. Niemand T. Rigtering C. Kallmünzer A. Kraus S. Matijas S . ( 2017 ), Entrepreneurial orientation and digitalization in the financial service industry: A continency , Education+Training , Vol. 61 , No. 1 , pp. 66 – 78 , retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2017_rp/70/. Search in Google Scholar

Niemand, T., Rigtering, C., Kallmünze, A., Kraus, S., Maalaoui, A. (2021), Digitalization in the financial industry: A continency approach of entrepreneurial and strategic vision on digitalization, European Management Journal, Vol. 39, pp. 317–326. doi: 10.1016.j.emj.2020.04.008. Niemand T. Rigtering C. Kallmünze A. Kraus S. Maalaoui A . ( 2021 ), Digitalization in the financial industry: A continency approach of entrepreneurial and strategic vision on digitalization , European Management Journal , Vol. 39 , pp. 317 – 326 . doi: 10.1016.j.emj.2020.04.008 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

OECD. (2020), Digital transformation in the age of COVID-19. Building resilience and bridging divides, retrieved from https:// www.oecd.org/digital/digital-economy-outlook-covid.pdf [1st January 2023]. OECD . ( 2020 ), Digital transformation in the age of COVID-19. Building resilience and bridging divides , retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/digital/digital-economy-outlook-covid.pdf [1st January 2023]. Search in Google Scholar

Quinton, S., Canhoto, A., Molinillo, S., Pera, R., Budhathoki, T. (2018), Conceptualizing a digital orientation: Antecedents of supporting SME performance in the digital economy, Journal of Strategic Marketing, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 427–439. doi: 10.1080/0965254X.2016.1258004. Quinton S. Canhoto A. Molinillo S. Pera R. Budhathoki T . ( 2018 ), Conceptualizing a digital orientation: Antecedents of supporting SME performance in the digital economy , Journal of Strategic Marketing , Vol. 25 , No. 5 , pp. 427 – 439 . doi: 10.1080/0965254X.2016.1258004 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Pereira, V., Budhwar, P., Temouri, Y., Malik, A., Tarba, S. (2021), Investigating investments in agility strategies in overcoming the global financial crisis – the case of Indian IT?BPO offshoring firms, Journal of International Management, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 100738. doi: 10.1016.j.intman.2020.100738. Pereira V. Budhwar P. Temouri Y. Malik A. Tarba S . ( 2021 ), Investigating investments in agility strategies in overcoming the global financial crisis – the case of Indian IT?BPO offshoring firms , Journal of International Management , Vol. 27 , No. 1 , pp. 100738 . doi: 10.1016.j.intman.2020.100738 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Perry, M. (2014), Market orientation in small businesses: Creative or lacking? Marketing Management Journal, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 96–114. Perry M . ( 2014 ), Market orientation in small businesses: Creative or lacking? Marketing Management Journal , Vol. 24 , No. 1 , pp. 96 – 114 . Search in Google Scholar

Proksch, D., Rosin, A.F., Stubner, S., Pinkwart, Q.A. (2021), The influence of a digital strategy on the digitalization of new ventures: The moderating effect of digital capabilities and a digital culture, Journal of Small Buisiness Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 100–116. doi: 10.1108/JSBED-10-2013-0145. Proksch D. Rosin A.F. Stubner S. Pinkwart Q.A. ( 2021 ), The influence of a digital strategy on the digitalization of new ventures: The moderating effect of digital capabilities and a digital culture , Journal of Small Buisiness Management , Vol. 21 , No. 1 , pp. 100 – 116 . doi: 10.1108/JSBED-10-2013-0145 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Rupeika-Apoga, R., Petrovska, K., Bule, L. (2022), The effect of digital orientation and digital capability on digital transformation of SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Elecronic Commerce Research, Vol. 17, pp. 669–685. doi: 10.3390/jtear17020035. Rupeika-Apoga R. Petrovska K. Bule L . ( 2022 ), The effect of digital orientation and digital capability on digital transformation of SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic , Journal of Theoretical and Applied Elecronic Commerce Research , Vol. 17 , pp. 669 – 685 . doi: 10.3390/jtear17020035 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Saha, K., Kumar, R., Dutta, S.K., Dutta, T. (2017), A content adequate five-dimensional entrepreneurial orientation scale, Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Vol. 8, pp. 41–49. doi: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2017.05.006. Saha K. Kumar R. Dutta S.K. Dutta T . ( 2017 ), A content adequate five-dimensional entrepreneurial orientation scale , Journal of Business Venturing Insights , Vol. 8 , pp. 41 – 49 . doi: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2017.05.006 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sarstedt, M., Cheah, J.H. (2019), Partial least squares structural equation modeling using smartPLS: A software review, Journal of Marketing Analytics, Vol. 7, pp. 196–202. doi: 10.1057/s41270-019-00058-3. Sarstedt M. Cheah J.H. ( 2019 ), Partial least squares structural equation modeling using smartPLS: A software review , Journal of Marketing Analytics , Vol. 7 , pp. 196 – 202 . doi: 10.1057/s41270-019-00058-3 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Schwartz, A., Rizzuto, T., Carraher-Wolverton, C., Roldan, J.L. (2017), Examining the impact and detection of the “urban legend” of common method bias, Advances in Information Systems, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 93–119. doi: 10.1145/3051473.3051479. Schwartz A. Rizzuto T. Carraher-Wolverton C. Roldan J.L. ( 2017 ), Examining the impact and detection of the “urban legend” of common method bias , Advances in Information Systems , Vol. 48 , No. 1 , pp. 93 – 119 . doi: 10.1145/3051473.3051479 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Schweiger, S.A., Stettler, T.R., Baldauf, A., Zamudio, C. (2019), The complementarity of strategic orientations: A meta-analytic synthesis and theory extension, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 40, No. 11, pp. 1822–1851. doi: 10.1002/smj.3042. Schweiger S.A. Stettler T.R. Baldauf A. Zamudio C . ( 2019 ), The complementarity of strategic orientations: A meta-analytic synthesis and theory extension , Strategic Management Journal , Vol. 40 , No. 11 , pp. 1822 – 1851 . doi: 10.1002/smj.3042 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Shaltoni, A.M., West, D., Alnawas, I., Shatnawi, T. (2018), Electronic marketing orientation in the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises context, European Business Review, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 272–284. doi: 10.1108/EBR-02-2017-0034. Shaltoni A.M. West D. Alnawas I. Shatnawi T . ( 2018 ), Electronic marketing orientation in the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises context , European Business Review , Vol. 30 , No. 3 , pp. 272 – 284 . doi: 10.1108/EBR-02-2017-0034 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Shaltoni, A.M., West, D.C. (2010), The measurement of e-marketing orientation (EMO) in business-to-business markets, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 39, pp. 1097–1102. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2009.06.011. Shaltoni A.M. West D.C. ( 2010 ), The measurement of e-marketing orientation (EMO) in business-to-business markets , Industrial Marketing Management , Vol. 39 , pp. 1097 – 1102 . doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2009.06.011 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sinkula, J.M., Baker, W.E., Noordewier, T. (1997), A framework for market-based organizational learning: Linking values, knowledge, and behavior, Academy of Marketing Science Journal, Vol. 25, pp. 305–318. doi: 10.1177/0092070397254003. Sinkula J.M. Baker W.E. Noordewier T . ( 1997 ), A framework for market-based organizational learning: Linking values , knowledge, and behavior, Academy of Marketing Science Journal , Vol. 25 , pp. 305 – 318 . doi: 10.1177/0092070397254003 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Škare, M., Soriano, D.R. (2021), A dynamic panel study on digitalization and firm’s agility: What drives agility in advanced economies 2009-2018, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 163, p. 120418. doi: 10.1016/j/techfore.2020.120418. Škare M. Soriano D.R. ( 2021 ), A dynamic panel study on digitalization and firm’s agility: What drives agility in advanced economies 2009-2018 , Technological Forecasting and Social Change , Vol. 163 , p. 120418 . doi: 10.1016/j/techfore.2020.120418 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Slater, S.F., Narver, J.C. (1995), Market orientation and the learning organization. Journal of Marketing, 59: 63–74. doi: 10.1177/0022242995059003. Slater S.F. Narver J.C. ( 1995 ), Market orientation and the learning organization . Journal of Marketing , 59 : 63 – 74 . doi: 10.1177/0022242995059003 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sonobe, T., Takeda, A., Yoshida, S., Truong, H.T. (2021), The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on micro, small, and medium enterprises in Asia and their digitalization responses, Asian Development Bank Institute Working Paper, Vol. 1241, pp. 1–33. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3912355. Sonobe T. Takeda A. Yoshida S. Truong H.T. ( 2021 ), The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on micro, small, and medium enterprises in Asia and their digitalization responses , Asian Development Bank Institute Working Paper , Vol. 1241 , pp. 1 – 33 . doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3912355 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Spector, P.E. (2006), Method variance in organizational research: Truth or urban legend? Organizational Research Methods, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 221–232. doi: 10.1177/1094428105284955. Spector P.E. ( 2006 ), Method variance in organizational research: Truth or urban legend? Organizational Research Methods , Vol. 9 , No. 2 , pp. 221 – 232 . doi: 10.1177/1094428105284955 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sriayudha, Y., Octavia, A., Indrawijaya, S. (2018), Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation in business performance of SMEs: An exploration of the impact on e-commerce adoption, Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, Vol. 145, pp. 15–163. doi: 10.2991/aebmr.k.200626.029. Sriayudha Y. Octavia A. Indrawijaya S . ( 2018 ), Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation in business performance of SMEs: An exploration of the impact on e-commerce adoption , Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research , Vol. 145 , pp. 15 – 163 . doi: 10.2991/aebmr.k.200626.029 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Thierry, T., Mihai, T., Timber, H. (2020), Effects of COVID-19 on business models in Romania and the Netherlands, a digitalization perspective, Studies in Business and Economics, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 115–131. doi: 10.2478/sbe-2020-0049. Thierry T. Mihai T. Timber H . ( 2020 ), Effects of COVID-19 on business models in Romania and the Netherlands, a digitalization perspective , Studies in Business and Economics , Vol. 15 , No. 3 , pp. 115 – 131 . doi: 10.2478/sbe-2020-0049 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Trainor, K.J., Rapp, A., Beitelspacher, L.S., Schillewaert, N. (2011), Integrating information technology and marketing: An examination of the drivers and outcomes of e-marketing capability, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 162–174. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.05.001. Trainor K.J. Rapp A. Beitelspacher L.S. Schillewaert N . ( 2011 ), Integrating information technology and marketing: An examination of the drivers and outcomes of e-marketing capability , Industrial Marketing Management , Vol. 40 , No. 3 , pp. 162 – 174 . doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.05.001 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Tsiotsou, R.H., Vlachpoulou, M. (2011), Understanding the effects of market orientation and e-marketing on service performance, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 141–155. doi: 10.1108/02634501111117593. Tsiotsou R.H. Vlachpoulou M . ( 2011 ), Understanding the effects of market orientation and e-marketing on service performance , Marketing Intelligence and Planning , Vol. 29 , No. 2 , pp. 141 – 155 . doi: 10.1108/02634501111117593 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wales, W.J., Corbett, A.C., Marino, L.D., Kreiser, P.M. (2021), The future of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) research, in: A.C. Corbett, P.M. Kreiser, L.D. Maino, W.J. Wales, (Eds), Entrepreeurial orientation: Epistemological, theoretical and empirical perspectives, Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, Vol. 22, pp. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/ S1074-754020210000022001. Wales W.J. Corbett A.C. Marino L.D. Kreiser P.M. ( 2021 ), The future of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) research , in: Corbett A.C. Kreiser P.M. Maino L.D. Wales W.J. , (Eds), Entrepreeurial orientation: Epistemological, theoretical and empirical perspectives, Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth , Vol. 22 , pp. 1 – 16 . https://doi.org/ 10.1108/ S1074-754020210000022001 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wang, F. (2020), Digital marketing capabilities in international firms: A relational perspective, International Marketing Review, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 550–577. doi: 10.1108/IMR-04-2018-0128. Wang F . ( 2020 ), Digital marketing capabilities in international firms: A relational perspective , International Marketing Review , Vol. 37 , No. 3 , pp. 550 – 577 . doi: 10.1108/IMR-04-2018-0128 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Witek-Hajduk, M.K. (2020), Międzynarodowe strategie marek. Perspektywa przedsiębiorstw z rynków wschodzących, Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH, Warszawa. Witek-Hajduk M.K. ( 2020 ), Międzynarodowe strategie marek . Perspektywa przedsiębiorstw z rynków wschodzących , Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH , Warszawa . Search in Google Scholar

Witek-Hajduk, M.K., Zaborek, P. (2016), Does business model affect CSR involvement? A survey of Polish manufacturing and service companies, Sustainability, Vol. 8, No. 93, p. 1, Warszawa: 20. doi: 10.3390/su8020093. Witek-Hajduk M.K. Zaborek P . ( 2016 ), Does business model affect CSR involvement? A survey of Polish manufacturing and service companies , Sustainability , Vol. 8 , No. 93 , p. 1 , Warszawa : 20. doi: 10.3390/su8020093 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wong, K.K.K. (2013), Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS, Marketing Bulletin, Vol. 21, p. 1, Warszawa: 32, retrieved from http://marketing-bulletin.massey.ac.n [3rd January 2023]. Wong K.K.K. ( 2013 ), Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS , Marketing Bulletin , Vol. 21 , p. 1 , Warszawa : 32, retrieved from http://marketing-bulletin.massey.ac.n [3rd January 2023]. Search in Google Scholar

Yadav, M.S., Pavlou, P.A. (2014), Marketing in computer-mediated environment: Research synthesis and new directions, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 20–40. doi: 10.1509/jm.12.0020. Yadav M.S. Pavlou P.A. ( 2014 ), Marketing in computer-mediated environment: Research synthesis and new directions , Journal of Marketing , Vol. 78 , No. 1 , pp. 20 – 40 . doi: 10.1509/jm.12.0020 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Zwanka, R.J., Buff, C. (2021), COVID-19 generation: A conceptual framework of the consumer behavioral shifts to be caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 58–67. doi: 10.1080/08961530.2020.1771646. Zwanka R.J. Buff C . ( 2021 ), COVID-19 generation: A conceptual framework of the consumer behavioral shifts to be caused by the COVID-19 pandemic , Journal of International Consumer Marketing , Vol. 33 , No. 1 , pp. 58 – 67 . doi: 10.1080/08961530.2020.1771646 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar