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Antecedents of loyalty intentions among young adult tourists: a survey

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Figure 1

Conceptual model and hypotheses of the study.Source: own elaboration.
Conceptual model and hypotheses of the study.Source: own elaboration.

Figure A1

Structural equation model for antecedences for destination loyalty intention among young adults. Diagram of regression paths between research constructs.Source: own elaboration.
Structural equation model for antecedences for destination loyalty intention among young adults. Diagram of regression paths between research constructs.Source: own elaboration.

Regression weights and p-values for estimated path models

HypothesesRegression pathsStandardized Sample Regression WeightsBootstrapping* p-values
H.1RUP -> RI0,0860.224
H.2RUP -> RVI**0,1870.010
H.3NVS -> RI0,0360.561
H.4NVS -> RVI**−0,5260.004
H.5SB -> RI**0,2310.000
H.6SB -> RVI0,0190.734
Regression terms for significant controlled variables
Main Effect: Incomes -> RI**0,1450,010
Moderating Effect: Incomes - RUA -> RI**−0,1680,004

Indicators of construct variables in the study

IndicatorsSources of scale indicatorsFactor loadingsComposite reliabilityAverage variance extracted
Risk and uncertainty perceptions (RUPs)0.8330.625
RUP 1. Visiting new places is stressfulBoksberger and Craig-Smith [2006]; Fuchs and Reichel [2008]0.740
RUP 2. Traveling to the same places is less risky0.748
RUP 3. I like to spend my holidays in a familiar place0.877
Novelty and variety seeking (NVS)0.8580.669
NVS 1. Traveling to the same places is boringLee and Crompton [1992]; Kim and Kim [2015]0.811
NVS 2. There are so many places which I want to see that I do not0.853
have time to visit the same destinations again
NVS 3. I would prefer to spend my money for visiting new places than the already known0.787
Social bonding (SB)0.8120.598
SB 1. I return to the previously visited place for people who are living there (family, friends, acquaintances)Jang et al. [2009]; Luo and Hsieh [2013]; Kyle et al. [2005]0.653
SB 2. I return to a destination I have already visited to show it to other people0.958
SB.3 If I were to visit the same destinations, it is because I am curious how the place and people have changed0.653
Recommendation intention (RI)0.8640.684
RI 1. If I liked the destination, I encourage other people to visit itAlexandrov et al. [2013]; Chi and Qu [2008]0.895
RI 2. I am willing to share positive opinions about the destinations I visit0.902
RI 3. I am willing to share negative opinions about the destinations I visit0.661
Revisit intention (RVI)0.7710.619
RVI 1. I never return to destinations I have visited beforeLuo and Hsieh [2013]; Kozak [2001]; Bello and Etzel [1985]; Chi and Qu [2008]−0.875
RVI 2. I mostly travel to the same destinations0.802
RVI 3. I return to visited destinations, but usually after a long time (a few years)0.670

Mean, maximum, minimum, and median values for the answers concerning risk and uncertainty perception, novelty and variety seeking, and social bonding

ItemsMinimumMaximumMeanStandard deviationMedian
If I were to visit the same destinations, it is because I am curious how the place and people have changed152.840.9913.0
I return to a destination I have already visited to show it to other people153.301.0774.0
I return to the previously visited place for people who are living there (family, friends, acquaintances)153.321.1814.0
I like to spend my holidays in a familiar place153.230.9873.0
Traveling to the same places is less risky153.091.0923.0
Visiting new places is stressful152.061.0512.0
Traveling to destinations already visited is a waste of money151.990.9702.0
There are so many places to see that I do not have time to visit the same destinations again153.081.2163.0
Traveling to the same places is boring152.691.1403.0

Mean, maximum, minimum, and median values for answers concerning recommendation intention and revisit intention

ItemsMinimumMaximumMeanStandard deviationMedian
I return to visited destinations, but usually after a long time (a few years)153.160.9233.0
I mostly travel to the same destinations152.180.7972.0
I never return to destinations I have visited before152.321.0052.0
I am willing to share negative opinions about the destinations I visit154.030.9764.0
I am willing to share positive opinions about the destinations I visit154.570.7625.0
If I liked the destination, I encourage other people to visit it154.540.7865.0

Descriptive Summary of the Sample (n = 305)

Demographicn%
Gender
Female18761,3%
Male11838,7%
Size of the place of living
village185,9
town up to 50 K154,9
town 51–150 K154,9
City 151 – 500 K206,6
City more than 500 K23777,7
Work or Study
student20868,2
working student9731,8
Income
very low (difficult to cover maintenance costs)41,3
low3210,5
moderate15651,1
high9330,5
very high206,6

Discriminant validity of latent variables according to Fornell–Locker criteria: Square roots of average variances extracted and correlations between all pairwise combinations of latent variables

Social bonding (SB)Novelty and variety seeking (NVS)Revisit intention (RVI)Recommendation intention (RI)Risk and uncertainty perception (RUP)
SB0.773
NVS−0.0700.818
RVI0.085−0.5730.787
RI0.2300.0190.0520.827
RUP0.152−0.2640.3290.0770.791