Risk and uncertainty perceptions (RUPs) | | | 0.833 | 0.625 |
RUP 1. Visiting new places is stressful | Boksberger and Craig-Smith [2006]; Fuchs and Reichel [2008] | 0.740 | | |
RUP 2. Traveling to the same places is less risky | 0.748 |
RUP 3. I like to spend my holidays in a familiar place | 0.877 |
Novelty and variety seeking (NVS) | | | 0.858 | 0.669 |
NVS 1. Traveling to the same places is boring | Lee and Crompton [1992]; Kim and Kim [2015] | 0.811 | | |
NVS 2. There are so many places which I want to see that I do not | 0.853 |
have time to visit the same destinations again | |
NVS 3. I would prefer to spend my money for visiting new places than the already known | 0.787 |
Social bonding (SB) | | | 0.812 | 0.598 |
SB 1. I return to the previously visited place for people who are living there (family, friends, acquaintances) | Jang et al. [2009]; Luo and Hsieh [2013]; Kyle et al. [2005] | 0.653 | | |
SB 2. I return to a destination I have already visited to show it to other people | 0.958 |
SB.3 If I were to visit the same destinations, it is because I am curious how the place and people have changed | 0.653 |
Recommendation intention (RI) | | | 0.864 | 0.684 |
RI 1. If I liked the destination, I encourage other people to visit it | Alexandrov et al. [2013]; Chi and Qu [2008] | 0.895 | | |
RI 2. I am willing to share positive opinions about the destinations I visit | 0.902 |
RI 3. I am willing to share negative opinions about the destinations I visit | 0.661 |
Revisit intention (RVI) | | | 0.771 | 0.619 |
RVI 1. I never return to destinations I have visited before | Luo and Hsieh [2013]; Kozak [2001]; Bello and Etzel [1985]; Chi and Qu [2008] | −0.875 | | |
RVI 2. I mostly travel to the same destinations | 0.802 |
RVI 3. I return to visited destinations, but usually after a long time (a few years) | 0.670 |