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Secular Variations of Inclination of the Geomagnetic Field in SE Poland Between 1200 and 1800 AD

Jerzy Nawrocki
Jerzy Nawrocki
, 
Karol Standzikowski
Karol Standzikowski
, 
Maria Łanczont
Maria Łanczont
, 
Tomasz Werner
Tomasz Werner
, 
Jan Gancarski
Jan Gancarski
 et 
Zdzisław Gil
Zdzisław Gil
   | 08 juil. 2021
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Publié en ligne: 08 juil. 2021
Pages: 95 - 104
Reçu: 18 mars 2020
Accepté: 07 déc. 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/geochr-2020-0031
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© 2021 Jerzy Nawrocki et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig 1

(a) Location of sites selected for archeomagnetic studies in SE Poland and listed in Table 1. (b) Drilling of bricks in the ruins of Discalced Carmelites monastery at Zagórz (locality no. 22).
(a) Location of sites selected for archeomagnetic studies in SE Poland and listed in Table 1. (b) Drilling of bricks in the ruins of Discalced Carmelites monastery at Zagórz (locality no. 22).

Fig 2

(a) Changes of magnetic susceptibility during heating and cooling at 20–700 °C range observed in selected brick samples from historical buildings of SE Poland (MPK1 – Krosno, defensive wall; KM2 – Krosno, defensive wall near Franciscan monastery; ZAG2 – Zagórz, Discalced Carmelites monastery; HA – Haczów, mansion). (b) Day plot (Day et al., 1977) for the same brick samples. Hysteresis parameters: Mrs/Ms versus Hcr/Hc rations for single-domain (SD), pseudo-single domain (PSD) and multi-domain (MD) grains, indicated by broken lines (SD/MD and SD/superpara-magnetic (SP) grains) are shown after Dunlop (2002).
(a) Changes of magnetic susceptibility during heating and cooling at 20–700 °C range observed in selected brick samples from historical buildings of SE Poland (MPK1 – Krosno, defensive wall; KM2 – Krosno, defensive wall near Franciscan monastery; ZAG2 – Zagórz, Discalced Carmelites monastery; HA – Haczów, mansion). (b) Day plot (Day et al., 1977) for the same brick samples. Hysteresis parameters: Mrs/Ms versus Hcr/Hc rations for single-domain (SD), pseudo-single domain (PSD) and multi-domain (MD) grains, indicated by broken lines (SD/MD and SD/superpara-magnetic (SP) grains) are shown after Dunlop (2002).

Fig 3

Results of the AMS studies of 44 brick samples presented as equal area projection of AMS principal axes and relationships between the AMS parameters T (shape parameter), Pj (corrected anisotropy factor), and Km (volume magnetic susceptibility). The mean values of L (lineation), F (foliation), P (anisotropy factor), Pj, and T are listed in the table.
Results of the AMS studies of 44 brick samples presented as equal area projection of AMS principal axes and relationships between the AMS parameters T (shape parameter), Pj (corrected anisotropy factor), and Km (volume magnetic susceptibility). The mean values of L (lineation), F (foliation), P (anisotropy factor), Pj, and T are listed in the table.

Fig 4

Results of thermal demagnetization of representative brick samples from SE Poland (demagnetization paths, intensity decay curves and orthogonal plots). SKD3C – Sandomierz, Dominican monastery; NKF1A – Nowy Korczyn, Franciscan monastery; BIE3A – Biecz, church Corpus Christi; BIS3B – Biecz, defensive wall; BK2A – Brzozów, church; LZ-1D – Leżajsk, basilica.
Results of thermal demagnetization of representative brick samples from SE Poland (demagnetization paths, intensity decay curves and orthogonal plots). SKD3C – Sandomierz, Dominican monastery; NKF1A – Nowy Korczyn, Franciscan monastery; BIE3A – Biecz, church Corpus Christi; BIS3B – Biecz, defensive wall; BK2A – Brzozów, church; LZ-1D – Leżajsk, basilica.

Fig 5

Two inclination curves at the Rzeszów reference site presented with grey belt of 95% confidence of polynomial of 8th degree fitting. The lower curve was calculated without data obtained from sites 10, 11, and 12 (see text and Table 1). The age and inclination errors for the data from each archeomagnetic site are presented by bars.
Two inclination curves at the Rzeszów reference site presented with grey belt of 95% confidence of polynomial of 8th degree fitting. The lower curve was calculated without data obtained from sites 10, 11, and 12 (see text and Table 1). The age and inclination errors for the data from each archeomagnetic site are presented by bars.

Fig 6

The regional curves of secular variations of inclination between 1200 and 1800 AD for Rzeszów (a), Gdańsk (b), after Czyszek and Czyszek (1987), and for five other regions of Europe (c), after Schneep (2008) and Pavón-Carrasco et al. (2009).
The regional curves of secular variations of inclination between 1200 and 1800 AD for Rzeszów (a), Gdańsk (b), after Czyszek and Czyszek (1987), and for five other regions of Europe (c), after Schneep (2008) and Pavón-Carrasco et al. (2009).

Fig 7

The regional curves of secular variations of inclination between 1200 and 1800 AD for SE Poland (this study), Austria (Schneep et al., 2015), and Bulgaria (Kovacheva et al., 2014).
The regional curves of secular variations of inclination between 1200 and 1800 AD for SE Poland (this study), Austria (Schneep et al., 2015), and Bulgaria (Kovacheva et al., 2014).

Brick buildings in SE Poland and characteristic inclinations of geomagnetic field isolated from them and recalculated for the city of Rzeszów geographic coordinates.

Nr Site, brick building Geographic coordinates Age N n I sd/α95
1 Sandomierz, Dominican monastery 50.6765 21.7443 1235 ± 5 3 9 63.1 5.2
2 Nowy Korczyn, Franciscan monastery 50.2978 20.8056 1255 ± 5 2 4 64.5 5.1
3 Lublin, Dominican monastery 51.2478 22.5699 1342 ± 5 1 4 55.0 1.6
4 Krosno, defensive wall in Subcarpathian Museum 49.6956 21.7637 1350 ± 10 1 10 58.8 4.2
5 Krosno, town hall 49.6940 21.7649 1360 ± 10 1 8 60.7 1.7
6 Krosno, Franciscan monastery 49.6937 21.7667 1425 ± 10 4 5 67.2 2.1
7 Biecz, defensive wall 49.7311 21.2474 1430 ± 10 2 4 65.0 2.3
8 Biecz, church Corpus Christi 49.7306 21.2473 1460 ± 20 3 9 64.3 1.5
9 Krosno, defensive wall near Franciscan monastery 49.6832 21.7670 1490 ± 10 3 25 67.1 1.2
10 Krosno, Mayor's tenement house 49.6936 21.7659 1510 ± 10 4 4 62.2 6.4
11 Lesko, castle 49.4695 22.3254 1520 ± 10 4 11 62.6 6.1
12 Krosno, tenement house, Rynek 14 49.6935 21.7643 1560 ± 10 2 4 62.8 1.2
13 Baranów Sandomierski, castle 50.5018 21.5355 1570 ± 10 3 12 71.1 9.8
14 Jaśliska, town hall 49.4410 21.8028 1580 ± 20 2 6 67.8 0.9
15 Bolestraszyce, chapel 49.8168 22.8595 1600 ± 15 1 4 72.5 1.6
16 Leżajsk, basilica 50.2705 22.4077 1610 ± 10 3 12 68.0 1.7
17 Krosno, belfry of parish church 49.6944 21.7641 1635 ± 10 4 5 71.2 6.6
18 Dukla, palace (basements) 49.5568 21.6849 1640 ± 10 3 28 68.7 0.5
19 Leżajsk, defensive wall 50.2701 22.4089 1642 ± 5 1 3 66.9 1.2
20 Krościenko Wyżne, mansion ruins 49.6810 21.8076 1650 ± 10 3 6 68.7 5.5
21 Brzozów, church 49.6951 22.0189 1670 ± 10 2 8 66.0 9.9
22 Zagórz, Discalced Carmelites monastery 49.5007 22.2720 1710 ± 5 4 14 69.5 3.8
23 Stara Wieś, Jesuit monastery 49.7136 22.0139 1740 ± 10 2 6 72.8 2.6
24 Łańcut, castle 50.0681 22.2347 1772 ± 5 4 16 70.7 5.4
25 Dukla, customs chamber 49.5540 21.6842 1780 ± 10 2 18 62.9 1.6
26 Wzdów, palace 49.6430 22.0011 1790 ± 5 3 9 59.2 9.8
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