Ranking | Pb | Cd | Hg | As | Cr | Ni | Zn | Fe | Mn | Cu | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample number | Content | Sample number | Content | Sample number | Content | Sample number | Content | Sample number | Content | Sample number | Content | Sample number | Content | Sample number | Content | Sample number | Content | Sample number | Content | |
1 | 27 | 41.51 | 57 | 2.23 | 32 | 1.4 | 69 | 6.14 | 19 | 16.12 | 4 | 21.82 | 57 | 115.15 | 27 | 8,708.92 | 38 | 204.62 | 19 | 235.93 |
2 | 19 | 18.48 | 36 | 1.05 | 38 | 0.25 | 57 | 1.99 | 46 | 12.58 | 49 | 14.02 | 41 | 81.62 | 19 | 3,963.58 | 41 | 188.95 | 46 | 134.28 |
3 | 32 | 7.03 | 41 | 0.90 | 19 | 0.23 | 2 | 1.51 | 27 | 9.70 | 72 | 12.78 | 27 | 61.07 | 4 | 1,251.47 | 43 | 183.50 | 34 | 126.23 |
4 | 16 | 3.81 | 56 | 0.68 | 60 | 0.22 | 36 | 1.4 | 4 | 8.82 | 33 | 11.48 | 19 | 58.07 | 32 | 1,105.65 | 44 | 180.38 | 32 | 107.42 |
5 | 4 | 3.16 | 24 | 0.60 | 69 | 0.19 | 27 | 1.10 | 32 | 8.80 | 64 | 10.50 | 36 | 56.03 | 46 | 641.30 | 66 | 176.62 | 73 | 90.45 |
Element | Apple sawdust | Oak sawdust | Cottonseed husk | Corn cob | Wheat bran |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pb | ND | 0.90 ± 0.19 | ND | 0.15 ± 0.05 | ND |
Cd | 0.26 ± 0.20 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.02 |
Hg | 0.021 ± 0.0082 | 0.014 ± 0.0045 | 0.0038 ± 0.00035 | 0.019 ± 0.003 | 0.0054 ± 0.0016 |
As | 0.43 ± 0.19 | 0.16 ± 0.025 | 0.24 ± 0.046 | 0.27 ± 0.11 | 0.16 ± 0.037 |
Cr | 2.00 ± 0.71 | 3.20 ± 0.26 | 1.89 ± 0.19 | 1.82 ± 0.12 | 1.99 ± 1.02 |
Ni | 11.42 ± 1.22 | 19.02 ± 0.34 | 3.40 ± 1.30 | 61.45 ± 10.58 | 11.27 ± 4.23 |
Zn | 36.56 ± 2.76 | 12.17 ± 1.50 | 29.17 ± 1.40 | 46.34 ± 13.76 | 95.55 ± 15.54 |
Fe | 469.52 ± 47.26 | 534.98 ± 46.71 | 133.18 ± 2.36 | 707.34 ± 26.48 | 389.38 ± 117.62 |
Mn | 56.45 ± 10.76 | 198.80 ± 33.24 | 43.43 ± 2.88 | 70.44 ± 6.63 | 151.94 ± 21.69 |
Cu | 42.37 ± 12.00 | 30.76 ± 2.18 | 22.04 ± 2.08 | 102.79 ± 29.97 | 30.02 ± 7.20 |
P | 285.89 ± 74.33 | 421.20 ± 11.30 | 965.73 ± 194.83 | 1,892.39 ± 245.57 | 11,736.02 ± 2,074.40 |
K | 2,976.74 ± 491.72 | 996.00 ± 63.02 | 9,184.94 ± 514.20 | 7,001.17 ± 1,652.27 | 12,811.04 ± 1,902.13 |
S | 1,011.27 ± 202.44 | 1,375.46 ± 34.10 | 1,453.87 ± 163.89 | 2,933.34 ± 272.59 | 4,044.84 ± 441.75 |
Ca | 11,220.94 ± 2,918.93 | 18,263.25 ± 445.73 | 3,370.71 ± 263.35 | 3,097.61 ± 599.40 | 1,476.53 ± 264.57 |
Mg | 1,120.56 ± 169.58 | 1,241.33 ± 282.32 | 1,721.86 ± 376.95 | 1,166.53 ± 252.63 | 4,234.88 ± 492.44 |
Se | 0.030 ± 0.0058 | ND | 0.043 ± 0.0087 | 0.032 ± 0.0036 | 0.0364 ± 0.011 |
Number | Cultivated species | Formula |
---|---|---|
1 (CK) | Cottonseed husk 80%, corn cob 3%, wheat bran 15%, gypsum 2% and water content 60% | |
2 | Apple sawdust 50%, cotton seed husk 20%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 8%, gypsum 2% and water content 60% | |
3 (CK) | Oak sawdust 80%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 2% and water content 60% | |
4 | Apple sawdust 80%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 2% and water content 60% |
Heavy metal | Detection rate (%) | Detection range (mg · kg−1) | Average (mg · kg−1) | Standard deviation | Coefficient of variation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pb | 100 | 0.14–41.51 | 2.37 | 5.15 | 217.26 |
Cd | 72.60 | 0.08–2.23 | 0.20 | 0.31 | 159.79 |
Hg | 91.78 | 1.4–0.0031 | 0.057 | 0.17 | 292.96 |
As | 86.30 | 0.17–6.14 | 0.60 | 0.75 | 125.91 |
Cr | 97.26 | 0.12–16.12 | 3.49 | 2.75 | 78.70 |
Ni | 100 | 1.30–21.82 | 4.73 | 3.29 | 69.45 |
Zn | 100 | 1.12–115.15 | 18.55 | 19.48 | 105.02 |
Fe | 100 | 107–8,709 | 486.61 | 1,081.55 | 222.26 |
Mn | 100 | 20.3–204.62 | 84.73 | 43.93 | 51.85 |
Cu | 100 | 5.97–235.93 | 34.38 | 34.80 | 101.21 |
Formula 1 (CK) | Formula 2 | Formula 3 (CK) | Formula 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pb | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Cd | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 1.06 ± 0.12 | 0.19 ± 0.03 |
Hg | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 0.033 ± 0.0024 | 0.018 ± 0.0028 | 0.028667 ± 0.0045 |
As | 0.52 ± 0.035 | 0.059 ± 0.010 | 0.48 ± 0.035 | 0.72 ± 0.094 |
Cr | ND | 0.60 ± 0.06 | 0.86 ± 0.19 | 1.34 ± 0.27 |
Ni | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 1.62 ± 0.24 | 3.00 ± 0.36 | 9.29 ± 0.78 |
Zn | 65.95 ± 8.50 | 75.47 ± 5.03 | 108.43 ± 7.97 | 90.22 ± 8.63 |
Fe | 69.18 ± 16.13 | 92.35 ± 6.26 | 95.47 ± 10.40 | 51.51 ± 7.86 |
Mn | 8.03 ± 0.30 | 7.25 ± 1.42 | 16.83 ± 3.15 | 14.89 ± 2.64 |
Cu | 12.63 ± 0.86 | 8.47 ± 2.20 | 26.03 ± 4.69 | 13.35 ± 2.44 |
P | 9,244.25 ± 1,133.32 | 9,275.98 ± 697.41 | 9,737.44 ± 1,277.03 | 9,470.33 ± 658.03 |
K | 16,654.00 ± 2,968.71 | 18,212.00 ± 936.16 | 18,507.33 ± 2,236.68 | 11,271.36 ± 2,829.37 |
S | 4,037.00 ± 249.92 | 4,186.00 ± 75.45 | 24,796.33 ± 4,636.61 | 16,388.44 ± 2,085.69 |
Ca | 178.24 ± 17.15 | 132.01 ± 10.57 | 908.50 ± 61.21 | 851.67 ± 31.13 |
Mg | 1,115.00 ± 148.58 | 1,463.33 ± 97.01 | 1,479.67 ± 320.01 | 889.33 ± 38.44 |
Se | 0.028 ± 0.0061 | 0.162 ± 0.034 | 0.096 ± 0.013 | 0.0605 ± 0.012 |
Numbers | Pesticide residues | Numbers | Pesticide residues |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Atrazine | 85 | Fenpropimorph |
2 | Azinphos-methyl | 86 | Fenthion |
3 | Azoxystrobin | 87 | Fenvalerate |
4 | Benalaxyl | 88 | Fipronil |
5 | Bendiocarb | 89 | Flucythrinate |
6 | Benfluralin | 90 | Flufenoxuron |
7 | Benfuracarb | 91 | Flusilazole |
8 | Benoxacor | 92 | Fluvalinate |
9 | Bifenthrin | 93 | Furathiocarb |
10 | Boscalid | 94 | HCH-gamma |
11 | Bromopropylate | 95 | Imazalil |
12 | Buprofezin | 96 | Indoxacarb |
13 | Butachlor | 97 | Isocarbophos |
14 | Cadusafos | 98 | Isofenphos |
15 | Carbofuran | 99 | Isoprocarb |
16 | Chlorfenvinphos | 100 | Isoprothiolane |
17 | Chlordane | 101 | Kresoxim Methy l |
18 | Chlorfenapyr | 102 | Malathion |
19 | Chlorpropham | 103 | Metalaxyl |
20 | Chlorpyrifos Methyl | 104 | Metamitron |
21 | Cyanazine | 105 | Methamidophos |
22 | Cyfluthrin | 106 | Tolclofos-methyl |
23 | Cyprodinil | 107 | Triadimefon |
24 | DDD (p,p’) | 108 | Triadimenol |
25 | DDE (p,p’) | 109 | Triazophos |
26 | DDT (o,p’) | 110 | Triflumizole |
27 | DDT (p,p’) | 111 | Trifluralin |
28 | Deltamethrin | 112 | Vamidothion |
29 | Diazinon | 113 | Vinclozolin |
30 | Dichlorvos | 114 | Hexythiazox |
31 | Dicloran | 115 | Linuron |
32 | Dicofol | 116 | 2-phenyl-phenol |
33 | Diethofencarb | 117 | Bupirimate |
34 | Methidathion | 118 | DDD (o,p’) |
35 | Metolachlor | 119 | DDE (o,p’) |
36 | Mevinphos | 120 | Isoproturon |
37 | Myclobutanil | 121 | Quintozane |
38 | Napropamide | 122 | Tetrachlorvinphos |
39 | Nitrothal-isopropyl | 123 | Tetradifon |
40 | Oxadixyl | 124 | Tolylfluanid |
41 | Oxadiazon | 125 | Butocarboxim |
42 | Paclobutrazol | 126 | Heptenophos |
43 | Parathion | 127 | Acephate |
44 | Penconazole | 128 | Aldicarb |
45 | Pendimethalin | 129 | Aldicarb-sulfoxide |
46 | Permethrin | 130 | Aldoxycarb |
47 | Phenthoate | 131 | Bensulfuron-methyl |
48 | Phorate | 132 | Captan |
49 | Phosalone | 133 | Carbaryl |
50 | Phosmet | 134 | Carbofuran-3-hydroxy |
51 | Phoxim | 135 | Clethodim |
52 | Pirimicarb | 136 | Cyromazine |
53 | Pirimiphos-methyl | 137 | Dichlofluanid |
54 | Procymidone | 138 | Emamectin benzoate(Et) |
55 | Profenofos | 139 | Ethiofencarb |
56 | Promecarb | 140 | Fenhexamid |
57 | Prometryn | 141 | Fluazifop-p-butyl |
58 | Propamocarb | 142 | Iprodione |
59 | Propargite | 143 | Iprovalicarb |
60 | Propham | 144 | Isofenphos-methyl |
61 | Propiconazole | 145 | Methiocarb |
62 | Propoxur | 146 | Methomyl |
63 | Propyzamide | 147 | Methoxyfenozide |
64 | Pyrazophos | 148 | Monocrotophos |
65 | Pyridaben | 149 | Nicosulfuron |
66 | Pyridaphenthion | 150 | Omethoate |
67 | Pyrimethanil | 151 | Oxydemeton-methyl |
68 | Quinalphos | 152 | Pirimiphos-ethy l |
69 | Simazine | 153 | Pymetrozin |
70 | S421 | 154 | Quizalofop-ethyl |
71 | Dimethoate | 155 | Rimsulfuron |
72 | Edifenphos | 156 | Spinosad |
73 | Endosulfan (alpha isomer) | 157 | Spiroxamine |
74 | Endosulfan (beta isomer) | 158 | Tebufenozide |
75 | Endosulfan sulfate | 159 | Thiabendazole |
76 | Ethion | 160 | Thiacloprid |
77 | Ethoprophos | 161 | Thiamethoxam |
78 | Etofenprox | 162 | Hifensulfuron-methyl |
79 | Etrimfos | 163 | Thiodicarb |
80 | Fenarimol | 164 | Triasulfuron |
81 | Fenitrothion | 165 | Trichlorfon |
82 | Fenobucarb | 166 | Triflusulfuron-methyl |
83 | Fenoxycarb | 167 | Thiofanox-sulfone |
84 | Fenpropathrin | 168 | Thiofanox-sulfoxid |
Formula 1 (CK) | Formula 2 | Formula 3 (CK) | Formula 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Biological efficiency % | 112.17 ± 4.23 |
89.70 ± 2.04 | 80.79 ± 1.89 | 81.62 ± 1.40 |
Apple Wood Sample No | Chlorpyrifos | Cyhalothrin | Cypermethrin | Difenoconazole | Tebuconazole | Chlorbenzuron | Carbendazim | Imidacloprid | Acetamiprid | Cymoxanil | Prochloraz |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.010 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.015 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
2 | 0.45 | ND | 0.19 | 0.083 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 1.43 | 0.19 | 0.038 | 0.083 | 0.040 |
3 | 0.13 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.023 | ND | ND |
4 | 0.04 | ND | ND | ND | 0.052 | 0.037 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
5 | 0.14 | ND | ND | ND | 0.10 | ND | 0.35 | 0.075 | 0.010 | ND | ND |
6 | 0.035 | ND | ND | ND | 0.090 | 0.16 | 0.40 | 0.037 | 0.021 | ND | ND |
7 | 0.037 | ND | ND | ND | 0.044 | ND | 0.12 | 0.036 | 0.015 | ND | ND |
8 | 0.22 | ND | 0.11 | ND | 0.031 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
9 | 0.14 | ND | ND | ND | 0.027 | ND | 0.028 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
10 | 0.094 | ND | ND | ND | 0.083 | ND | 1.22 | 0.095 | 0.048 | ND | ND |
11 | 0.10 | ND | ND | ND | 0.11 | 0.13 | 4.86 | 0.11 | 0.030 | ND | ND |
12 | 0.043 | ND | ND | ND | 0.060 | ND | 1.25 | 0.14 | 0.013 | ND | ND |
13 | 0.010 | ND | ND | ND | 0.017 | ND | 0.047 | ND | 0.11 | ND | ND |
14 | 0.18 | ND | ND | ND | 0.44 | 0.21 | 0.62 | 0.32 | 0.077 | ND | ND |
15 | 0.31 | 0.14 | ND | ND | 0.41 | ND | 0.62 | 0.11 | 0.072 | ND | ND |
16 | 0.029 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.052 | 0.086 | 0.045 | ND | ND | ND |
17 | 0.066 | ND | ND | 0.034 | 0.16 | ND | 0.25 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
18 | 0.017 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.04 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
19 | 0.067 | ND | ND | ND | 0.098 | ND | 0.12 | 0.047 | ND | ND | ND |
20 | 0.47 | 0.19 | ND | ND | 0.18 | 0.093 | 1.3 | 0.065 | 0.053 | 0.056 | ND |
21 | 0.75 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.051 | 0.13 | 0.031 | 0.025 | ND | ND |
Element | Pb | Cd | Hg | As | Cr | Ni | Zn | Fe | Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cd | 0.031 | ||||||||
Hg | 0.156 | 0.080 | |||||||
As | 0.059 | 0.386 |
0.133 | ||||||
Cr | 0.530 |
0.124 | 0.336 |
−0.001 | |||||
Ni | 0.056 | −0.090 | 0.054 | −0.076 | 0.378 |
||||
Zn | 0.361 |
0.733 |
0.162 | 0.207 | 0.446 |
0.203 | |||
Fe | 0.988 |
0.050 | 0.118 | 0.065 | 0.560 |
0.112 | 0.394 |
||
Mn | 0.249 |
0.125 | 0.235 |
0.211 | 0.171 | 0.050 | 0.216 | 0.243 |
|
Cu | 0.346 |
0.104 | 0.452 |
−0.027 | 0.626 |
0.025 | 0.292 |
0.342 |
0.250 |
Pesticide residues | Apple sawdust | Oak sawdust | Cottonseed husk | Corn cobs | Wheat bran |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorpyrifos | 0.56 ± 0.075 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Acetamiprid | 0.16 ± 0.020 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Phoxim | 0.053 ± 0.0047 | ND | ND | ND | 0.058 ± 0.0047 |
Pesticide residues | Detection rate (%) | Detection range (mg · kg−1) | Average (mg · kg−1) | Standard deviation | Coefficient of variation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorpyrifos | 100 | 0.01–0.75 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 119.64 |
Cyhalothrin | 9.52 | 0.14–0.19 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 21.43 |
Cypermethrin | 9.52 | 0.11–0.19 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 37.71 |
Chlorbenzuron | 38.10 | 0.037–0.21 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 59.87 |
Carbendazim | 90.48 | 0.015–4.86 | 0.70 | 1.12 | 157.31 |
Imidacloprid | 66.67 | 0.031–0.32 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 76.69 |
Acetamiprid | 61.90 | 0.01–0.11 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 76.88 |
Difenoconazole | 9.52 | 0.034–0.083 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 59.23 |
Tebuconazole | 76.19 | 0.017–0.44 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 97.43 |
Cymoxanil | 9.52 | 0.056–0.083 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 27.47 |
Prochloraz | 4.76 | 0.04 | 0.04 |