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Improvement of the quality in hydroponically grown fresh aromatic herbs by inducing mild salinity stress is species-specific

Danai-Christina Aktsoglou
Danai-Christina Aktsoglou
, 
Dimitrios S. Kasampalis
Dimitrios S. Kasampalis
, 
Eirini Sarrou
Eirini Sarrou
, 
Pavlos Tsouvaltzis
Pavlos Tsouvaltzis
, 
Paschalina Chatzopoulou
Paschalina Chatzopoulou
, 
Stefan Martens
Stefan Martens
 et 
Anastasios S. Siomos
Anastasios S. Siomos
   | 18 sept. 2021
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Article Category: Original Article
Publié en ligne: 18 sept. 2021
Pages: 265 - 274
Reçu: 29 avr. 2021
Accepté: 26 juil. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0020
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© 2021 Danai-Christina Aktsoglou et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

EC (A) and pH (B) of the NSs supplemented with 0 mmol · L−1, 10 mmol · L−1 or 20 mmol · L−1 NaCl during peppermint and spearmint cultivation in floating system. Each value is a mean of three replicates and each replicate consists of one basin. EC, electrical conductivity; NSs, nutrient solutions.
EC (A) and pH (B) of the NSs supplemented with 0 mmol · L−1, 10 mmol · L−1 or 20 mmol · L−1 NaCl during peppermint and spearmint cultivation in floating system. Each value is a mean of three replicates and each replicate consists of one basin. EC, electrical conductivity; NSs, nutrient solutions.

Plant growth and the compositional characteristics of peppermint and spearmint plants grown in floating system under three NaCl concentrations (0 mmol · L−1, 10 mmol · L−1 or 20 mmol · L−1).

Peppermint Spearmint
NaCl concentration p NaCl concentration p
0 mmol · L−1 10 mmol · L−1 20 mmol · L−1 0 mmol · L−1 10 mmol · L−1 20 mmol · L−1
Fresh weight (g) 10.2x 9.35 8.05 nsy 8.05 7.42 6.82 ns
Plant height (cm) 22.83 az 21.13 a 18.61 b ** 24.06 a 23.32 a 21.23 b *
Root length (cm) 12.97 14.41 12.81 ns 11.48 a 11.26 a 9.55 b *
Dry matter (%) 14.2 13.9 15.1 ns 17.2 17.8 19.8 ns
Total soluble solids (%) 9.5 8.8 9.7 ns 9.5 9.7 10.2 ns
Nitrates (mg · kg−1 f.w.) 828.5 855.7 766.6 ns 797.3 a 721.4 a 548.9 b *
Total antixidant capacity (mg AEAC · 100 g−1 f.w.) 110.3 93.8 160.7 ns 65.0 b 78.6 b 115.7 a **
Total soluble phenols (mg GAE · kg−1 f.w.) 0.467 0.417 0.663 ns 0.367 b 0.447 b 0.577 a **
Total chlorophyll (μg · g−1 f.w.) 1138.4 1130.0 1133.9 ns 1173.4 1241.6 1287.7 ns
Total carotenoids (μg · g−1 f.w.) 200.4 196.5 201.9 ns 204.7 b 218.4 b 234.8 a **
Essential oil (ml · 100 g−1 f.w.) 0.34 0.35 0.37 ns 0.19 b 0.21 a 0.22 a *

Polyphenolic composition of peppermint and spearmint plants grown in floating system under three NaCl concentrations (0 mmol · L−1, 10 mmol · L−1 or 20 mmol · L−1).

No. compounds (mg · 100 g−1 d.w.) Peppermint Spearmint
NaCl concentration p NaCl concentration p
0 mmol · L−1 10 mmol· L−1 20 mmol· L−1 0 mmol· L−1 10 mmol · L−1 20 mmol· L−1
1 Vanillic acid 0.34a 0.34 0.27 nsb 0.84 0.78 0.71 ns
2 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid 0.68 0.39 0.51 ns 0.77 0.61 0.77 ns
3 Syringaldehyde 0.03 0.02 0.05 ns 0.06 0.03 0.04 ns
4 Daphetin 0.13 0.14 0.12 ns 0.13 0.15 0.13 ns
5 Caffeic acid 11.79 9.88 12.45 ns 13.23 14.18 16.72 ns
6 Ferulic acid 0.23 0.32 0.24 ns 0.29 0.26 0.24 ns
7 Caftaric acid 19.35 17.40 23.29 ns 13.73 18.10 15.76 ns
8 Neochlorogenic acid 5.24 4.72 5.45 ns 3.06 3.64 3.62 ns
9 Chlorogenic acid 4.62 4.89 5.97 ns 4.47 6.18 5.43 ns
10 Rosmarinic acid 287.81 257.40 373.28 ns 417.62 489.75 491.95 ns
11 Sinapyl alcohol 0.68 0.59 0.64 ns 0.56 0.37 0.58 ns
12 Fertaric acid 1.80 1.72 1.85 ns 2.60 3.34 2.74 ns
13 t-coutaric 0.76 1.17 1.29 ns 1.14 1.41 1.20 ns
14 Apigenin 1.57 1.86 1.83 ns 0.55 0.62 0.95 ns
15 Luteolin 7.50 7.14 8.38 ns 1.85 2.30 2.62 ns
16 Luteolin-7-O-glucoside 0.88 0.98 1.02 ns 1.18 1.57 1.54 ns
17 Hesperidin 128.98 124.94 149.51 ns 88.72 78.69 88.95 ns
18 Apigenin-7-glucoside 0.21 0.28 0.31 ns 0.43 0.65 0.64 ns
19 Naringenin 1.90 2.05 2.76 ns 1.08 1.27 1.18 ns
20 Kaempferol-3-glucoside 0.02 0.01 0.01 ns 0.02 0.05 0.03 ns
21 Arbutin 0.07 0.08 0.08 ns 0.13 0.11 0.08 ns
22 Syringic acid 0.76 0.68 0.61 ns 0.47 0.62 0.38 ns
23 Cryptochlorogenic acid 16.22 16.78 20.73 ns 15.40 21.39 19.05 ns
24 Quercetin-3-glucoside 0.23 0.15 0.26 ns 0.34 0.32 0.35 ns
25 Quercetin-4-O-glucoside 40.03 38.67 47.29 ns 26.43 22.22 26.76 ns
26 Rutin 1.09 1.26 1.52 ns 2.47 1.82 1.73 ns

The composition of the NS used in the floating tray system for peppermint and spearmint cultivation.

Macronutrients (mg · L−1) Micronutrients (μg · L−1)
N-NO3− 210 Fe 1150
N-NH4+ 14 Mn 399
K 391 Zn 150
P 62 Cu 150
Mg 49 B 500
Ca 385 Mo 48
S 232

Essential oil composition of peppermint and spearmint plants grown in floating system under three NaCl concentrations (0 mmol · L−1, 10 mmol · L−1 or 20 mmol · L−1).

No. compounds Peppermint Spearmint
NaCl concentration p NaCl concentration p
RIa 0 mmol · L−1 10 mmol · L−1 20 mmol · L−1 0 mmol· L−1 10 mmol· L−1 20 mmol· L−1
1 α-thujene 929 0.03b 0.03 0.03 nsc 0.02 0.02 0.02 ns
2 α-pinene 935 0.60 0.61 0.61 ns 1.23 1.23 1.26 ns
3 camphene 950 - - - 0.02 0.01 0.02 ns
4 sabinene 974 0.42 0.43 0.43 ns 1.66 1.71 1.71 ns
5 β-pinene 977 0.90 0.90 0.91 ns 2.52 2.53 2.60 ns
6 1-octen-3-ol 982 0.02 0.01 0.01 ns - - -
7 myrcene 992 0.25 0.25 0.24 ns 4.65 4.46 4.47 ns
8 3-octanol 996 0.07 0.07 0.05 ns 0.72 bd 0.79 a 0.81 a *
9 pseudolimonene 1004 - - - 0.11 0.10 0.11 ns
10 α-terpinene 1016 0.26 0.22 0.24 ns 0.04 0.01 0.03 ns
11 o-cymene 1025 0.03 0.05 0.03 ns - - -
12 limonene 1029 2.22 2.30 2.32 ns 17.57 17.99 17.97 ns
13 1,8-cineol 1032 4.14 4.11 4.29 ns 16.44 16.34 16.86 ns
14 cis-β-ocimene 1040 0.14 0.14 0.13 ns 0.61 0.59 0.62 ns
15 trans-β-ocimene 1051 - - - 0.12 0.13 0.14 ns
16 γ-terpinene 1060 0.46 0.39 0.44 ns 0.07 0.05 0.06 ns
17 cis-sabinene hydrate 1068 0.37 0.44 0.42 ns 0.01 0.03 0.02 ns
18 terpinolene 1087 0.12 0.11 0.11 ns 0.09 0.08 0.08 ns
Monoterpene hydrocarbons (%) 10.00 10.06 10.27 45.88 46.07 46.77
19 linalool 1100 0.10 0.10 0.09 ns 0.11 0.12 0.10 ns
20 trans-pinocarveol 1139 - - - 0.15 0.18 0.16 ns
21 menthone 1158 55.44 55.98 54.51 ns - - -
22 menthofuran 1164 6.49 5.64 6.15 ns - - -
23 isomenthone 1166 6.25 6.79 6.61 ns - - -
24 neomenthol 1167 0.12 0.12 0.12 ns - - -
25 δ-terpineol 1167 - - - 0.45 0.47 0.47 ns
26 menthol 1176 15.16 15.24 15.30 ns - - -
27 terpinen-4-ol 1177 1.27 1.15 1.21 ns 0.13 0.11 0.14 ns
28 neoisomenthol 1182 0.07 0.07 0.07 ns - - -
29 α-terpineol 1189 0.14 0.13 0.13 ns 0.91 0.94 0.92 ns
30 dihydrocarveol 1193 - - - 0.11 0.09 0.08 ns
31 trans-dihydrocarvone 1194 - - - 0.12 0.13 0.12 ns
32 trans-carveol 1219 - - - 1.08 0.99 0.95 ns
33 pulegone 1238 1.76 1.68 1.73 ns - - -
34 carvone 1247 - - - 40.64 40.54 39.49 ns
35 piperitone 1253 0.49 0.50 0.50 ns - - -
36 dihydroedulan II 1284 - - - 0.13 0.14 0.18 ns
37 menthyl acetate 1294 0.42 0.58 0.65 ns - - -
Oxygenated monoterpenes (%) 87.71 87.97 87.08 43.83 43.71 42.61
38 α-copaene 1376 - - - 0.02 0.03 0.03 ns
39 β-bourbonene 1383 - - - 0.49 0.54 0.58 ns
40 β-elemene 1391 - - - 0.18 0.18 0.19 ns
41 β-caryophyllene 1415 0.60 0.54 0.74 ns 3.82 2.69 3.89 ns
42 α-humulene 1451 - - - 0.17 0.17 0.18 ns
43 cis-β-farnesene 1461 0.11 0.10 0.13 ns 0.11 0.11 0.11 ns
44 germacrene-D 1479 1.01 0.84 1.17 ns 4.35 4.03 4.22 ns
45 bicyclogermacrene 1492 0.09 0.07 0.10 ns 0.37 0.35 0.38 ns
46 δ-cadinene 1525 - - - 0.09 0.09 0.10 ns
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (%) 1.82 1.54 2.14 9.61 8.20 9.67
47 caryophyllene oxide 1584 - - - 0.04 0.02 0.04 ns
48 viridiflorol 1591 0.26 0.25 0.26 ns - - -
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes (%) 0.26 0.25 0.26 0.04 0.02 0.04
49 13-epi-manool oxide 2012 - - - 0.12 0.17 0.18 ns
Oxygenated diterpenes (%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.17 0.18
Total (%) 99.79 99.82 99.75 99.48 98.18 99.27
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