Implementation of active conservation for butterflies in the faunistic nature reserves of the Białowieża Forest in 1995–2023
et | 15 juin 2024
À propos de cet article
Article Category: Original Article
Publié en ligne: 15 juin 2024
Pages: 89 - 103
Reçu: 12 févr. 2024
Accepté: 27 févr. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2024-0008
Mots clés
© 2024 Tomasz Ginszt et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Planned conservation measures for faunistic nature reserves (Berezowo, Olszanka Myśliszcze, Przewłoka, Podcerkwa) in the Białowieża Forest included in the 2003–2004 conservation tasks
| No. | Conservation measures | Nature reserve | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berezowo | Olszanka Myśliszcze | Przewłoka | Podcerkwa | ||
| 2003 | |||||
| 1 | Regulation of species composition and density of trees in young forest (late cleaning) | + | + | + | + |
| 2 | Removal of trees infested with insects and fungi, broken and fallen (salvage and sanitation cutting), debarking of spruces colonised by the spruce bark beetle | + | + | + | + |
| 3 | Loosening the soil by hand with a hoe for natural regeneration of the stand | + | |||
| 4 | Clearing trees and shrubs, mechanical mowing leaving a swath | + | + | + | |
| 5 | Repair of information boards (if needed) | + | + | + | + |
| 2004 | |||||
| 1 | Removal of trees infested with the spruce bark beetle, in accordance with the forest protection instruction, leaving 10% of the debarked tree mass on the surface | + | |||
| 2 | Exposing scent traps (pheromones) to secondary pests (if needed) | + | + | + | + |
| 3 | Repair of information boards (if needed) | + | + | + | + |
| Number of planned tasks | 5 | 6 | 6 | 8 | |
A list of conservation measures carried out in faunistic nature reserves based on agreements concluded between the Regional Directorate for Environmental Protection in Białystok and the Białowieża and Hajnówka forest districts in the years 2007–2023
| No. | Nature reserve | Date of concluding the agreement and acceptance of the works | Type of conservation measures and its scope | Forest compartment or subcompartmet | Cost (PLN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 1 | Podcerkwa |
14.11.2012 20.12.2012 |
Clearing roads by removing roadside trees damaged by the snowstorm and obstructing the passage of fire and forestry service vehicles – as required | 577A, 577B, 578A, 578B, 577C, 578D | 9500 |
| 2 | Olszanka Myśliszcze |
12.11.2012 20.12.2012 |
Clearing roads by removing roadside trees damaged by the snowstorm and obstructing the passage of fire and forestry service vehicles over a length of 0.4 km | 635A | 320 |
| 3 | Olszanka Myśliszcze |
12.11.2012 20.12.2012 |
Clearing the surface dividing line of trees and shrubs over a distance of 1.5 km to allow for butterfly movement and the regeneration of hemp agrimony | 573D/601B; 601A/601B; 601C/601D | 750 |
| 4 | Berezowo |
12.11.2012 20.12.2012 |
Felling of trees and shrubs along a 1-km length to stop their succession on both sides of the Olemburska Road, causing the disappearance of the nectariferous hemp agrimony | 575C; 575D; 603AB | 800 |
| 5 | Przewłoka |
12.11.2012 13.12.2012 |
Clearing of 1 km of roads obstructing the passage of fire and forest service vehicles | 670BC | 800 |
| Total – 2012 | Five conservation measures (four reserves) | 12,170 | |||
| 6 | Podcerkwa |
01.10.2014 23.12.2014 |
Preventing overgrowth of established gaps by de-bushing and removal of shrub vegetation – 3 ha | 577Aa; 577Bb,c; 577Ca,c; 578Ab; 578Bb; 578Da,f | 12,000 |
| 7 | Olszanka Myśliszcze |
01.08.2014 21.10.2014 |
Clearing roads by removing roadside trees damaged by the snowstorm and obstructing the passage of fire and forestry service vehicles over a length of 0.5 km | 635A | 250 |
| 8 | Olszanka Myśliszcze |
01.08.2014 21.10.2014 |
Clearing the surface dividing line of trees and shrubs over a distance of 0.8 km to allow for butterfly movement and the regeneration of hemp agrimony | 573D/601B | 400 |
| 9 | Przewłoka |
01.08.2014 21.10.2014 |
Clearing of 1 km of roads obstructing the passage of fire and forest service vehicles | 670BC | 500 |
| Total – 2014 | Four conservation measures (three reserves) | 13,150 | |||
| 10 | Berezowo |
24.03.2015 30.11.2015 |
Cutting and mowing roadside trees and shrubs over a length of 1 km | 575CD/603AB | 540 |
| Total – 2015 | One conservation measure (one reserve) | 540 | |||
| 11 | Podcerkwa |
04.04.2019 29.08.2019 |
Control of the succession of trees and shrubs on the former timber yard and disused hunting fields by mowing herbaceous vegetation in the second half of August (treatment to be carried out once in every 2 years) and removing shrubs – 3.54 ha | 577Ck; 577Dg; 578Ad; 578Bg; 578Bi | 1700 |
| Total – 2019 | One conservation measure (one reserve) | 1700 | |||
| 12 | Podcerkwa |
08.08.2023 06.09.2023 |
Control of the succession of trees and shrubs on the former timber yard and disused hunting fields by mowing herbaceous vegetation in the second half of August (treatment to be carried out once in every 2 years) and removing shrubs – 3.54 ha | 577Ck, 577Dg, 578Ad, 578Bg, 578Bi | 11,340 |
| 13 | Podcerkwa |
08.08.2023 06.09.2023 |
Prevention of overgrowth of gaps by de-bushing and removal of shrub vegetation – 0.5 ha | 577Bc, 577Cc; 578Ab | |
| Total – 2023 | Two conservation measures (one reserve) | 11,340 | |||
| Total – 2012–2023 | 13 conservation measures (four reserves) | 38,900 | |||
Summary of the conservation measures carried out in four faunistic nature reserves from external sources in the years 2016–2023
| No. | Nature reserve | Year of realisation | Type of conservation measures and its scope | Forest location | Cost (PLN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Przewłoka | 2016 | Stopping tree and shrub succession in the Leśna River valley by mowing herbaceous vegetation and removing trees and shrub vegetation – 1.92 ha | 670Ci | 1555 |
| 2 | Olszanka Myśliszcze | 2016 | Stopping tree and shrub succession in the Leśna River valley by mowing herbaceous vegetation and removing trees and shrub vegetation – 25.04 ha | 573Dm; 601Ba; 601Da; 634Fa | 12,846 |
| 3 | Przewłoka | 2017 | Stopping tree and shrub succession in the Leśna River valley by mowing herbaceous vegetation and removing trees and shrub vegetation – 1.92 ha | 670Ci | 1888 |
| 4 | Olszanka Myśliszcze | 2018 | Stopping tree and shrub succession in the Leśna River valley by mowing herbaceous vegetation and removing trees and shrub vegetation – 12.55 ha | 573Dm; 601Ba; 601Da; 634Fa | 12,425 |
| 5 | Olszanka Myśliszcze | 2020 | Stopping tree and shrub succession in the Leśna River valley by mowing herbaceous vegetation and removing trees and shrub vegetation – 12.55 ha | 573Dm; 601Ba; 601Da; 634Fa | 14,909 |
| 6 | Podcerkwa | 2021 | Control of the succession of trees and shrubs on the former timber yard and disused hunting fields by mowing herbaceous vegetation in the second half of August (treatment to be carried out once in every 2 years) and removing shrubs – 3.54 ha | 577Ck, 577Dg, 578Ad, 578Bg, 578Bi | 4202 |
| Total | 47,825 | ||||
Planned conservation measures for faunistic nature reserves (Berezowo, Olszanka Myśliszcze, Przewłoka, Podcerkwa) in the Białowieża Forest included in the conservation plans
| Nature reserve | No. | Type of conservation measures | Scope of conservation measures |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Berezowo | 1 | Stopping the succession of trees and shrubs on both sides of the Olemburska Road, causing disappearance of the hemp agrimony | Once in every 3 years, cutting and mowing roadside trees and shrubs |
| 2 | Protection of hollow trees and old-growth forests | Leaving hollow, dying and dead trees and old-growth trees in the nature reserve for their natural decomposition | |
| Olszanka Myśliszcze | 1 | Inhibiting the succession of trees and shrubs in the valley of Leśna River |
Mowing herbaceous vegetation 50–100 m wide from the forest wall on the west side of the river (the treatment should be carried out once in every 2 years), after 15 September, collect the swath Removal of shrub vegetation |
| 2 | Prevention of wetland overgrowth | Removal of shrub vegetation | |
| 3 | Road cleaning | Removal of roadside trees damaged as a result of crooks and obstructing the passage of fire brigade and forest service vehicles, if needed | |
| 4 | Protection of hollow trees, dead trees and old-growth trees | Leaving hollow and dead trees in the reserve for their natural decomposition | |
| 5 |
Allowing butterflies to move Enabling the regeneration of hemp agrimony |
Clearing the forest compartment line of trees and shrubs over a length of about 3 km (logging about 10 m3 birch, willow, alder, spruce, aspen, ash) | |
| Przewłoka | 1 | Inhibiting the succession of trees and shrubs in the valley of Leśna River 7.32 ha |
Mowing herbaceous vegetation (treatment should be carried out once in every 2 years) Removal of trees and shrubby vegetation |
| 2 | Protection of hollow trees, dead trees and old-growth trees | Leaving hollow and dead trees and old-growth trees in the reserve for their natural decomposition | |
| 3 | Road cleaning | Removal of roadside trees obstructing the passage of fire brigade and forest service vehicles, if needed | |
| Podcerkwa | 1 | Inhibiting the succession of trees and shrubs on the former timber yard and unused hunting plots – area 3.54 ha |
Mowing herbaceous vegetation in the second half of August (the treatment should be carried out once in every 2 years) Removal of shrub vegetation |
| 2 | Prevention of overgrowing of gaps – area of 3 ha |
Clearing of gaps Removal of shrub vegetation |
|
| 3 | Road cleaning | Removal of roadside trees damaged as a result of snow damage and obstructing the passage of fire brigade and forest service vehicles, if needed | |
| 4 | Protection of hollow trees, dead trees, old-growth trees | Leaving hollow and dead trees in the reserve for their natural decomposition |