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Planting patterns in rubber agroforestry (Hevea brasiliensis) developed by the communities of Menggala Mas Village, Lampung Province, Indonesia

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Figure 1.

Map of research location
Map of research location

Figure 2.

Alley cropping planting pattern (K – Karet/rubber, KA – Kayu Afrika, P – Pulai, M – Mentru)
Alley cropping planting pattern (K – Karet/rubber, KA – Kayu Afrika, P – Pulai, M – Mentru)

Figure 3.

Trees along border planting pattern (R – karet/rubber, N – nangka/jackfruit, A – akasia, MK – mengkudu, KR – kapuk randu, JB – jambu biji, J – jati, PT – petai)
Trees along border planting pattern (R – karet/rubber, N – nangka/jackfruit, A – akasia, MK – mengkudu, KR – kapuk randu, JB – jambu biji, J – jati, PT – petai)

Figure 4.

Random mixture planting pattern (K – karet/rubber, PT – petai, KC – ketepeng cina, A – akasia, JG – jengkol, GD – gadung, G – gaharu, DR – durian, LH – lengkuas hutan, MD – medang, KO – kopi/coffee, KY – kunyit/turmeric, PL – pelangas, KA – kakao, KK – kumis kucing, SG – sungkai, P – pisang/banana, CJ – cabe jawa, CN – cincau, SR – sereh, JM – jambu monyet, TK – takokak, P – pulai, MK – mengkudu)
Random mixture planting pattern (K – karet/rubber, PT – petai, KC – ketepeng cina, A – akasia, JG – jengkol, GD – gadung, G – gaharu, DR – durian, LH – lengkuas hutan, MD – medang, KO – kopi/coffee, KY – kunyit/turmeric, PL – pelangas, KA – kakao, KK – kumis kucing, SG – sungkai, P – pisang/banana, CJ – cabe jawa, CN – cincau, SR – sereh, JM – jambu monyet, TK – takokak, P – pulai, MK – mengkudu)

Figure 5.

Rubber agroforestry
Rubber agroforestry

Plants species of rubber agroforestry in Menggala Mas Village

No. Plants species Benefit
1 2 3
1 Karet/rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)

– the sap is a raw material for balls, tires and objects made of rubber

– the flesh of the seeds is used as fish food

– the seed shells are used as handicrafts

– the wood is used to make plywood

2 Kayu afrika (Maesopsis eminii)

– the wood is used for light construction materials, containers, boxes and plywood

– kayu afrika leaves are used for livestock feed because their dry matter content reaches 35% and can be digested well by livestock

3 Pulai (Alstonia scholaris)

– its beautiful crown is used as an ornamental plant

– the soft trunk of the tree can be used as a building material and craft material

– the root bark is used to treat vertigo, reduce hypertension and treat insomnia

4 Akasia (Acacia auriculiformis)

– the wood is used for building materials and furniture

5 Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis)

– the wood is the main material for good-quality furniture

– wood chips can be used to make incense and perfume

– the wood is used as a material for making chests

6 Jati (Tectona grandis)

– the wood is used for making household furniture, furniture and building materials

7 Mentru (Schima wallichii)

– the wood is used as a building material to make houses

– the wood is also used as a raw material for shipbuilding

8 Medang (Phoebe hunanensis)

– the wood is used for furniture such as cupboards, chairs, tables and plywood

– the bark is used as a raw material for mosquito coils

9 Pelangas (Aporosa aurita)

– the wood is used for building materials such as frames, doors and windows

10 Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack)

– the wood is used as a building material, for making furniture, floors and wall boards

– the leaves are used as a fever medicine, mouthwash to reduce toothache and to treat malaria

11 Bambu tali (Gigantochola apus)

– the stems are used as craft materials, building/house building materials, cooking utensils, herbal medicine and children’s toys

– young bambu tali stems are used as food

12 Kapuk randu (Ceiba pentandra)

– the fruit is used to fill mattresses, bolsters and pillows

– the leaves are usually used by rubber farmers as a rubber lubricant, so that the rubber can be easily removed when sold

– the leaves are also used as animal feed

13 Jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum)

– the fruit is used as a cooking ingredient, for making crackers and as a fresh vegetable

14 Petai (Parkia speciosa)

– the fruit is used as a cooking ingredient or as a fresh vegetable

15 Mangga/mango (Mangifera indica)

– the fruit is taken to eat or sell; usually, mangoes are processed into various dishes such as juice, petisan, chili sauce, ice cream, salad and jam

16 Cempedak (Artocarpus integer)

– the fruit is taken to eat or sell

– the seeds can be consumed by boiling

17 Nangka/jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

– ripe fruit is taken to eat or sell

– unripe fruit can be used as a cooking ingredient

18 Maja (Crescentia cujete)

– the flesh of the fruit is used by farmers to poison or eradicate pests such as rats

– the hard skin of the maja fruit is usually used as a scoop

– the leaves are used to treat skin diseases such as itching, rashes and boils

19 Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr)

– the fruit is taken to eat or sell

– the flesh of the fruit is usually used as a basic ingredient for making Tempoyak, a typical Lampung food

20 Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum)

– the fruit is taken to eat or sell

21 Kakao (Theobroma cacao)

– Ripe fruit flesh can be consumed directly

– the seeds are sold for making chocolate

22 Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala)

– the seeds are used as a cooking ingredient

– the leaves are used as a medicine for open wounds

– the seeds are used to treat diabetes mellitus and strengthen bones

23 Jambu biji (Psidium guajava)

– the leaves are used to treat diarrhoea

– the fruit can be consumed directly or made into juice

24 Jambu air (Syzygium aqueum)

– the fruit can be consumed directly or pickled

25 Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.)

– the fruit is used as a natural rubber solidifier

– the fruit is used as a medicine to lower bad cholesterol which can cause stroke and heart disease

26 Kopi/coffee (Coffea sp.)

– coffee beans can be sold or kept for own use

– the seeds are used as a raw material for making coffee

– coffee beans that have become coffee powder can be used as a traditional medicine to heal wounds

27 Pisang/banana (Musa paradisiaca)

– the fruit can be sold or consumed by the family

– the leaves are used as food wrappers

– banana blossoms and unripe fruit are taken for fresh vegetables

28 Singkong/cassava (Manihot utilisima)

– the tubers are sold or consumed personally

– the young leaves are used as fresh vegetables or as a cooking ingredient

– Leaves and stems are used as animal feed

29 Jambu monyet (Anacardium occidentale)

– the young leaves are used as fresh vegetables

– the fruit is made into juice

– the seeds are made into processed cashew nuts

30 Takokak (Solanum torvum)

– the fruit is used as a cooking ingredient

31 Ketepeng cina (Senna alata)

– the leaves are used as a traditional medicine to cure tinea versicolor, ringworm, scabies and as a worm medicine

32 Lengkuas hutan (Alpinia malaccensis)

– the rhizome is used as a spice to season dishes and treat ulcers or wounds

33 Gadung (Dioscorea hispida)

– the starch of gadung tubers is used as a rubber solidifier, so that the harvested latex becomes harder/suppler

34 Kumis kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus)

– the leaves and flowers are used as medicine to treat urinary tract infections, kidney stones, urinary tract infections and stomach acid

35 Kunyit/turmeric (Curcuma longa)

– the rhizome is used as a kitchen spice, medicine for ulcers and to relieve menstrual pain

36 Kunyit merah/red turmeric (Curcuma domestica)

– the rhizome is used as a kitchen spice and prevents heart disease, Alzheimer’s and cancer

37 Cincau (Cyclea barbata)

– cincau juice is used as an ingredient in drinks such as cincau ice, which is rich in antioxidants

38 Cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum)

– the fruit is used as a traditional medicine to treat low blood pressure, influenza, shortness of breath and headaches and cure diabetes

39 Talas (Colocasia esculenta)

– the tubers are used as food ingredients such as talas chips

40 Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus)

– the stems are used as a kitchen spice and cooking fragrance, and sereh essential oil can repel mosquitoes

41 Tebu/sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)

– the stems are used as a basic ingredient for making sugar or can be used as a sugar cane juice drink

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Sujets de la revue:
Life Sciences, Plant Science, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine