Risk Profiling of Exposures to Potentially Toxic Metals PTM(S) Through Noodles Consumption. A Case Study of Human Health Risk Assessment

1Ahmed, S., Fatema-Tuj-Zohra, Mahdi, M.M., Md. Nurnabi, Md. Alam, Z. & Choudhury, T.R. (2022). Health risk assessment for heavy metal accumulation in leafy vegetables grown on tannery effluent contaminated soil. Toxicol Rep. 9, 346–355. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.009Search in Google Scholar

2Akhtar, S., Riaz, M., Naeem, I., Gong, Y.Y., Ismail, A., Hussain, M. & Akram, K. (2020). Risk assessment of aflatoxins and selected heavy metals through intake of branded and non-branded spices collected from the markets of Multan city of Pakistan. Food Control, 112, Article107132. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107132Search in Google Scholar

3Bielecka, J., Markiewicz-Żukowska, R., Nowakowski, P., Grabia, M., Puścion-Jakubik, A., Mielcarek, K., Gromkowska-Kępka, K.J., Soroczyńska, J. & Socha, K. (2020). Content of Toxic Elements in 12 Groups of Rice Products Available on Polish Market: Human Health Risk Assessment. Foods, 9(12), 1906. DOI: 10.3390/foods9121906Search in Google Scholar

4Bielecka, J., Markiewicz-Żukowska, R., Puścion-Jakubik, A., Grabia, M., Nowakowski, P., Soroczyńska, J. & Socha, K. (2022). Gluten-Free Cereals and Pseudocereals as a Potential Source of Exposure to Toxic Elements among Polish Residents. Nutrients, 14(11), 2342. DOI: 10.3390/nu14112342Search in Google Scholar

5Charles, I.A., Ogbolosingha, A.J. & Afia, I.U. (2018). Health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 25, 2580–2587. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0583-0Search in Google Scholar

6Collumb, C.J., Delelegn, A.A., Fernandez, G.M., Hudson, A.C., Kimberley, K.W., Sims, D.B. & Walton, D.J. (2019). Trace Elements in Gluten-free Pastas and Flours from Markets Located in the Las Vegas, Nevada Area. J Food Res. 8(5), 59–70. DOI: 10.5539/jfr.v8n5p59Search in Google Scholar

7Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffsSearch in Google Scholar

8Commission Regulation (EU) No 1129/2011 of 11 November 2011 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council by establishing a Union list of food additivesSearch in Google Scholar

9Cubadda, F., Raggi, A., Zanasi, F. & Carcea, M. (2003). From durum wheat to pasta: effect of technological processing on the levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel – a pilot study. Food Additives and Contaminants 20(4), 353–360. DOI: 10.1080/0265203031000121996Search in Google Scholar

10Geronimo, A.C.R., Melo, E.S.P., Silva, K.R.N., Pereira, H.S., Nascimento, V.A., Machate, D.J. & do Nascimento, V.A. (2021). Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Anxiety: Monitoring of Safety. Front Pharmacol. 12, Article772928. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772928Search in Google Scholar

11Ghanati, K., Zayeri, F. & Hosseini, H. (2019). Potential Health Risk Assessment of Different Heavy Metals in Wheat Products. Iran J Pharm Res. 18(4), 2093–2100. DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100865Search in Google Scholar

12Idrees, M. (2020). Analysis and Human Health Risk from Selected Heavy Metals in Common Instant Noodles. Biol Trace Elem Res. 198(1), 339 – 343. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02062-6Search in Google Scholar

13Karaś, K., Zioła-Frankowska, A., Bartoszewicz, M., Krzyśko, G. & Frankowski, M.(2020). Investigation of chocolate types on the content of selected metals and non-metals determined by ICPOES analytical technique. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 38(2), 293 – 303. DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1853821Search in Google Scholar

14Karaś, K., Zioła-Frankowska, A. & Frankowski, M.(2021). New Method for Simultaneous Arsenic and Selenium Speciation Analysis in Seafood and Onion Samples. Molecules, 26(20), 6223. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206223Search in Google Scholar

15Malavolti, M., Fairweather-Tait, S.J., Malagoli, C., Vescovi, L., Vinceti, M. & Filippini, T. (2020). Lead exposure in an Italian population: Food content, dietary intake and risk assessment. Food Res Int. 137, Article109370. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109370Search in Google Scholar

16Marín, S., Pardo, O., Sánchez, A., Sanchis, Y., Vélez, D., Devesa, V., Font, G. & Yusà, V. (2018). Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain). Toxicol Rep. 5, 654–670. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.05.005Search in Google Scholar

17Mawari, G., Kumar, N., Sarkar, S., Daga, M.K., Singh, M.M., Joshi, T.K. & Khan, N.A. (2022). Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fruits and Vegetables and Human Health Risk Assessment: Findings From Maharashtra, India. Environ Health Insights, 16. DOI: 10.1177/11786302221119151Search in Google Scholar

18Moradi, Q., Mirzaei, R., Alipour, M., Bay, A., Ghaderpoori, M., Asadi, A., Fakhri, Y., Sorooshian, A. & Khaneghah, A.M. (2021). The concentration, characteristics, and probabilistic health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in street dust: a case study of Kashan, Iran. Toxin Reviews, 40(4), 1421–1430. DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1728336Search in Google Scholar

19Pirhadi, M., Alikord, M., Tajdar-Oranj, B., Khaniki, G.J., Nazmara, S., Fathabad, A.E., Ghalhari, M.R. & Sadighara, P. (2022). Potential toxic elements (PTEs) concentration in wheat and flour products in Iran: A probabilistic risk assessment. Heliyon, 8(11), Articlee11803. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11803Search in Google Scholar

20Punshon, T. & Jackson, B.P. (2019). Essential micronutrient and toxic trace element concentrations in gluten containing and gluten-free foods. Food Chem. 252, 258–264. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.120Search in Google Scholar

21Sigrist, M., Hilbe, N., Brusa, L., Campagnoli, D. & Beldoménico, H. (2016). Total arsenic in selected food samples from Argentina: Estimation of their contribution to inorganic arsenic dietary intake. Food Chemistry, 210, 96–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.072Search in Google Scholar

22Tajdar-oranj, B., Shariatifar, N., Alimohammadi, M., Peivasteh-roudsari, L., Khaniki, G.J., Fakhri, Y. & Khaneghah, A.M. (2018). The concentration of heavy metals in noodle samples from Iran’s market: probabilistic health risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 25(31), 30928 – 30937. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3030-ySearch in Google Scholar

23Vromman, V., Waegeneers, N., Cornelis, C., De Boosere, I., Van Holderbeke, M., Vinkx, C., Smolders, E., Huyghebaert, A. & Pussemier, L. (2010). Dietary cadmium intake by the Belgian adult population. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 27(12). 1665-1673. DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.525752Search in Google Scholar

24Webb, D. (2019). Pasta’s History and Role in Healthful Diets. Nutrition Today, 54(5), 213 – 220. DOI: 10.1097/NT.0000000000000364Search in Google Scholar

25Wei, J. & Cen, K. (2020). Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in cereals, legumes, and their products: A case study based on the dietary structure of the residents of Beijing, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 260, Article 121001. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121001Search in Google Scholar

26Xu, X., Luo, P., Li, S., Zhang, Q. & Sun, D. (2022). Distributions of Heavy Metals in Rice and Corn and Their Health Risk Assessment in Guizhou Province. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 108, 926–935. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03407-0Search in Google Scholar

27Zioła-Frankowska, A., Karaś, K., Mikołajczak, K., Kurzyca, I., Kowalski, A. & Frankowski, M. (2021). Identification of metal(loid)s compounds in fresh and pre-baked bread with evaluation of risk health assessment. Journal of Cereal Science, 97, Article103164. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103164Search in Google Scholar

28United Stated Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The Technical Support Document for the Hazardous Waste De-listing Risk Assessment Software (DRAS). Chapter 4 – Risk and Hazard Assessment. Retrieved February 1, 2023, from https://www.epa.gov/hw/technical-support-document-hazardous-waste-delisting-risk-assessment-software-drasSearch in Google Scholar

29Union of the Organizations of Manufacturers of Pasta Products in the EU (UN.A.F.P.A.). Statistics. Retrieved February 1, 2023, from https://www.pastaunafpa.org/newt/unafpa/default.aspx?IDCONTENT=102Search in Google Scholar

30World Health Organization. (2011). Evaluation of certain contaminants in food: seventy-second report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Retrieved February 1, 2023, from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44514Search in Google Scholar

31World Instant Noodles Association. Demand Ranking. Retrieved February 1, 2023, from https://instantnoodles.org/en/noodles/demand/table/Search in Google Scholar