[
Abei H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Method Enzymol., 105: 121–126.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ahmadifar E., Eslami M., Kalhor N., Zaretabar A., Mohammadzadeh S., Moghadam M.S., Yousefi M., Ahmadifar M., Hoseinifar S.H., Pusadee T., van Doan H. (2022). Effect of a diet enriched with sodium propionate on growth performance, antioxidant property, innateadaptive immune response, and growth-related genes expression in critically endangered beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 125: 101–108.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ajdari A., Ghafarifarsani H., Hoseinifar S.H., Javahery S., Narimanizad F., Gatphayak K., Van Doan H. (2022). Effects of dietary supplementation of primaLac, inulin, and biomin imbo on growth performance, antioxidant, and innate immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquac. Nutr., 2022: 1–13.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Aliko V., Qirjo M., Sula E., Morina V., Faggio C. (2018). Antioxidant defense system, immune response and erythron profile modulation in gold fish, Carassius auratus, after acute manganese treatment. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 76: 101–109.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Andersch M.A., Szczypinski A.J. (1947). Use of p-nitrophenylphosphate as the substrate in determination of serum acid phosphatase. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 17: 571–574.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
AOAC (1995). Offcial Methods of Analysis of the Association of Offcial Analytical Chemists. Association of Offcial Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bal A., Panda F., Pati S. G., Das K., Agrawal P.K., Paital B. (2021). Modulation of physiological oxidative stress and antioxidant status by abiotic factors especially salinity in aquatic organisms. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 241: 108971.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bernfeld P. (1955). Amylase. In: Methods in enzymology, Colowick S.P., Kaplan N.O. (eds). Academic Press, New York, pp. 149–158.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Beutler E. (1984). Red cell metabolism: a Manual of Biochemical Methods, 2nd Ed., Biochemistry, 72: 248–254.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Borges A., Scotti L.V., Siqueira D.R., Jurinitz D.F., Wassermann G.F. (2004) Hematologic and serum biochemical values for jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Fish Physiol. Biochem., 30: 21–25.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bradford M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem., 72: 248–254.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cukalovic A., Stevens C.V. (2008). Feasibility of production methods for succinic acid derivatives: a marriage of renewable resources and chemical technology. Biofuel Bioprod. Biorefin., 2: 505–529.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Darvishi M., Shamsaie Mehrgan M., Khajehrahimi A.E. (2022). Effect of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) extract as an immunostimulant on serum and skin mucus immune parameters, transcriptomic responses of immune-related gene, and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Front. Vet. Sci., 9: 811684.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dawood M.A., Koshio S, Esteban M.Á. (2018). Beneficial roles of feed additives as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review. Rev. Aquac., 10: 950–974.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dawood M.A., El Basuini M.F., Yilmaz S., Abdel-Latif H.M., Alagawany M., Kari Z.A., Abdul Razab M.K.A., Hamid N.K.A., Moonmanee T., Van Doan H. (2022). Exploring the roles of dietary herbal essential oils in aquaculture: A review. Animals, 12: 823.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Duan Y., Wang Y., Zhang J., Sun Y., Wang J. (2018). Dietary effects of succinic acid on the growth, digestive enzymes, immune response and resistance to ammonia stress of Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 78: 10–17.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ellis A. (2001). Innate host defense mechanisms of fish against viruses and bacteria. Dev. Comp. Immunol., 25: 827–839.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
El-Saadony MT., Alagawany M., Patra A.K., Kar I., Tiwari R., Dawood M. A. Abdel-Latif H.M. (2021). The functionality of probiotics in aquaculture: An overview. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 117: 36–52.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
El-Sharkawy E.A., Abd El-Razek I.M., Amer A.A., Soliman A.A., Shukry M., Gewaily M.S., Téllez-Isaías G., Kari Z.A., Dawood M.A. (2023). Effects of sodium butyrate on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal health, and immune responses of Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada) juveniles. Aquac. Rep., 30: 101530.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Firth K.J., Johnson S.C., Ross N.W. (2000). Characterization of proteases in the skin mucus of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) infected with the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and in whole-body louse homogenate. J. Parasitol., 86: 1199–1205.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fischer U., Utke K., Somamoto T., Köllner B., Ototake M., Nakanishi T. (2006). Cytotoxic activities of fish leucocytes. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 20: 209–226.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
García-Carreño F.L. (1992). Protease inhibition in theory and practice. Biotechnol. J., 3: 145–150.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Haghparast R.J., Moghanlou K.S., Mohseni M., Imani A. (2019). Effect of dietary soybean lecithin on fish performance, hemato-immunological parameters, lipid biochemistry, antioxidant status, digestive enzymes activity and intestinal histomorphometry of pre-spawning Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 91: 50–57.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hajirezaee S., Khanjani M.H. (2023). Rosmarinic acid alone or in combination with Lactobacillus rhamnosus ameliorated resistance to ammonia stress in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: growth, immunity, antioxidant defense and liver functions. J. Anim. Sci., 23: 819–831.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Heshmatfar F., Safari R., Shabani A., Hoseinifar S.H., Ghaffari H., Shokohian B., Ullah M.R., Siddik M.A. (2023). The effects of combined or singular administration of formic acid and Pediococcus acidilactici on stress resistance, growth performance, immune responses and related genes expression in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquac. Rep., 29: 101474.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hooshyar Y., Abedian Kenari A., Paknejad H., Gandomi H. (2020). Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 on different parameters related to health status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the protection against Yersinia ruckeri. Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins, 12: 1370–1384.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hoseini S.M., Rajabiesterabadi H., Abbasi M., Khosraviani K., Hoseinifar S.H., Van Doan H. (2022). Modulation of humoral immunological and antioxidant responses and gut bacterial community and gene expression in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, by dietary lactic acid supplementation. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 125: 26–34.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hoseinifar S.H., Safari R., Dadar M. (2017). Dietary sodium propionate affects mucosal immune parameters, growth and appetite related genes expression: Insights from zebrafish model. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 243: 78–83.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hoseinifar S.H., Sun Y.Z., Zhou Z., Van Doan H., Davies S.J. Harikrishnan R. (2020). Boosting immune function and disease bio-control through environment-friendly and sustainable approaches in finfish aquaculture: herbal therapy scenarios. Rev. Fish Sci. Aquac., 28: 303–321.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Iijima N., Tanaka S., Ota Y. (1998). Purification and characterization of bile salt-activated lipase from the hepatopancreas of red sea bream, Pagrus major. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 18: 59–69.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kasarci G., Ertugrul B., Iplik E. S., Cakmakoglu B. (2021). The apoptotic efficacy of succinic acid on renal cancer cell lines. Med. Oncol., 38: 144.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kuda T., Matsumoto C., Yano T. (2002). Changes in acid and alkaline phosphatase activities during the spoilage of raw muscle from horse mackerel Trachurus japonicus and gurnard Lepidotriga microptera. Food Chem., 76: 443–447.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kumar M.S., Karthikeyan S., Ramprasad C., Aruna P.R., Mathivanan N., Velmurugan D., Ganesan S. (2015). Investigation of phloroglucinol succinic acid dendrimer as antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Nano. Biomed. Eng., 7: 62–74.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lenchenko E., Lenchenko S., Sachivkina N., Kuznetsova O., Ibragimova A. (2022). Interaction of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus with the biofilm-forming Aeromonas hydrophila. Vet. World, 15: 2458.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Li R. X., Zhou W.H., Ren J., Wang J., Qiao F., Zhang M.L., Du Z.Y. (2022). Dietary sodium lactate promotes protein and lipid deposition through increasing energy supply from glycolysis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 550: 737858.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Loh J.Y., Chan H.K., Yam H.C., In L.L.A., Lim C.S.Y. (2020). An overview of the immunomodulatory effects exerted by probiotics and prebiotics in grouper fish. Aquac. Int., 28: 729–750.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Magnadóttir B. (2006). Innate immunity of fish (overview). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 20: 137–151.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Martins M., Tavares-Dias M., Fujimoto R., Onaka E., Nomura D. (2004). Haematological alterations of Leporinus macrocephalus (Osteichtyes: Anostomidae) naturally infected by Goezia leporini (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in fish pond. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., 56: 640–646.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McCord J.M., Fridovich I. (1969). An enzymic function for erythrocuprein. J. Biol. Chem., 244: 6049–6055.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mirghaed A.T., Yarahmadi P., Hosseinifar S.H., Tahmasebi D., Gheisvandi N., Ghaedi A. (2018). The effects singular or combined administration of fermentable fiber and probiotic on mucosal immune parameters, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota and growth performance of Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) fingerlings. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 77: 194–199.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mokhtar D.M., Zaccone G., Alesci A., Kuciel M., Hussein M.T., Sayed R.K. (2023). Main components of fish immunity: An overview of the fish immune system. Fishes, 8: 1–24.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Naderi Farsani M., Bahrami Gorji S., Hoseinifar S.H., Rashidian G., Van Doan H. (2020). Combined and singular effects of dietary PrimaLac® and potassium diformate (KDF) on growth performance and some physiological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins, 12: 236–245.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Naderi Farsani M., Meshkini S., Manaffar R. (2021). Growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as influenced through singular or combined consumption of resveratrol and two‐strain probiotics. Aquac. Nutr., 27: 2587–2599.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ng W.K., Koh C.B. (2017). The utilization and mode of action of organic acids in the feeds of cultured aquatic animals. Rev. Aquac., 9: 342–368.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Niazi A., Shamsaie Mehrgan M. Rajabi Isalmi H. (2023). Optimizing turmeric and green tea fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis to enhance growth performance, digestive enzymes, and immunity in rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 577: 739962
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ohkawa H. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem., 44: 276–278.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Oroji E., Mehrgan M.S., Islami H.R., Sharifpour I. (2021). Dietary effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides extract on zootechnical performance, immune response, and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquac. Rep., 21: 100827.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pajdak‐Czaus J., PlattSamoraj A., Szweda W., Siwicki A.K., Terech‐Majewska E. (2019). Yersinia ruckeri – a threat not only to rainbow trout. Aquac. Res., 50: 3083–3096.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Puvanasundram P., Chong C.M., Sabri S., Yusoff M.S., Karim M. (2021). Multi-strain probiotics: Functions, effectiveness and formulations for aquaculture applications. Aquac. Rep., 21: 100905.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ross N.W., Firth K.J., Wang A., Burka J.F., Johnson S.C. (2000). Changes in hydrolytic enzyme activities of naive Atlantic salmon Salmo salar skin mucus due to infection with the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis and cortisol implantation. Dis. Aquat. Organ., 41: 43–51.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Safari O., Paolucci M., Ahmadniaye Motlagh H. (2021). Effect of dietary encapsulated organic salts (Na‐acetate, Na‐butyrate, Na‐lactate and Na‐propionate) on growth performance, haemolymph, antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities and gut microbiota of juvenile narrow clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823. Aquac. Nutr., 27: 91–104.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Safari R., Hoseinifar S.H., Dadar M., Nejadmoghaddam S., Van Doan H. (2020). Effect of dietary sodium acetate on skin mucus immune parameters and expression of gene related to growth, immunity and antioxidant system in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) intestine. Ann. Anim. Sci., 20: 1441–1452.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Salinas I., Magadán S. (2017). Omics in fish mucosal immunity. Dev. Comp. Immunol., 75: 99–108.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Santos G.G., Libanori M.C.M., Pereira S.A., Ferrarezi J.V.S., Ferreira M.B., Soligo T.A., Yamashita E., Martins M.L., Mouriño J.L.P. (2023). Probiotic mix of Bacillus spp. and benzoic organic acid as growth promoter against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia. Aquaculture, 566: 739212.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Saravanan K., Sivaramakrishnan T., Praveenraj J., Kiruba-Sankar R., Haridas H., Kumar S., Varghese B. (2021). Effects of single and multi-strain probiotics on the growth, hemato-immunological, enzymatic activity, gut morphology and disease resistance in Rohu, Labeo rohita. Aquaculture, 540: 736749.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sarkar P., Issac P.K., Raju S.V., Elumalai P., Arshad A., Arockiaraj J. (2021). Pathogenic bacterial toxins and virulence influences in cultivable fish. Aquac. Res., 52: 2361–2376.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shekarabi S.P.H., Javarsiani L., Mehrgan M.S., Dawood M.A., Adel M. (2022). Growth performance, blood biochemistry profile, and immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed dietary Persian shallot (Allium stipitatum) powder. Aquaculture, 548: 737627.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Siwicki A. (1993). Nonspecific defense mechanisms assay in fish: II. Potential killing activity of neutrophils and macrophages, lysozyme activity in serum and organs and total immunoglobulin level in serum. Fish Dis. Diag. Prevent. Met., 105–112.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sotoudeh E., Esmaeili N. (2022). Effects of Biotronic® Top3, a feed additive containing organic acids, cinnamaldehyde and a permeabilizing complex on growth, digestive enzyme activities, immunity, antioxidant system and gene expression of barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Aquac. Rep., 24: 101152.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tadese D.A., Song C., Sun C., Liu B., Liu B., Zhou Q., Xu P., Ge X., Liu M., Xu X., Tamiru M. (2022). The role of currently used medicinal plants in aquaculture and their action mechanisms: A review. Rev Aquac., 14: 816–847.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Taherpour M., Roomiani L., Islami H.R., Mehrgan M.S. (2023). Effect of dietary butyric acid, Bacillus licheniformis (probiotic), and their combination on hemato-biochemical indices, antioxidant enzymes, immunological parameters, and growth performance of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquac. Rep., 30: 101534.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tran N.T., Yang W., Nguyen X.T., Zhang M., Ma H., Zheng H., Zhang Y., Chan K.G., Li S. (2022). Application of heat-killed probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture, 548: 737700.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Van Doan H., Hoseinifar S.H., Ringø E., Angeles Esteban M., Dadar M., Dawood M.A., Faggio C. (2020). Host-associated probiotics: a key factor in sustainable aquaculture. Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac., 28: 16–42.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Vijayaram S., Sun Y.Z., Zuorro A., Ghafarifarsani H., Van Doan H., Hoseinifar S.H. (2022). Bioactive immunostimulants as health-promoting feed additives in aquaculture: A review. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 130: 294–308.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Vijayaram S., Ringø E., Zuorro A., van Doan H., Sun Y. (2023). Beneficial roles of nutrients as immunostimulants in aquaculture: A review. Aquac. Fish., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2023.02.001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wang Y., Wu Y., Wang Y., Xu H., Mei X., Yu D., Wang Y., Li W. (2017). Antioxidant properties of probiotic bacteria. Nutrients, 9: 521.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yano T. (1992). Assays of hemolytic complement activity, Stolen J.S., Fletcher T.C., Anderson D.P., Kaattari S.L., Rowley A.F. (eds). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 2: 131–141.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yeganeh S., Adel M., Nosratimovafagh A., Dawood M.A. (2021). The effect of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis PTCC 1403 on the growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, antioxidative status, immune response, and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins., 13: 1723–1733.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yılmaz S., Ergun S., Yigit M., Çelik E.Ş. (2020). Effect of combination of dietary Bacillus subtilis and trans‐cinnamic acid on innate immune responses and resistance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss to Yersinia ruckeri. Aquac. Res., 51: 441–454.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yousefi M., Farsani M.N., Ghafarifarsani H., Raeeszadeh M. (2023). Dietary Lactobacillus helveticus and Gum Arabic improves growth indices, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microbiota, innate immunological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance in common carp. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 135: 108652.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yousefi M., Ghafarifarsani H., Raissy M., Yilmaz S., Vatnikov Y.A., Kulikov E.V. (2023). Effects of dietary malic acid supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant and immunological parameters, and intestinal gene expressions in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 563: 738864.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zare R., Abedian Kenari A., Yazdani Sadati M. (2021). Influence of dietary acetic acid, protexin (probiotic), and their combination on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, digestive enzymes, immunological parameters, and fatty acids composition in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869). Aquac. Int., 29: 891–910.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhang L., Zhang P., Xia C., Cheng Y., Guo X., Li Y. (2020). Effects of malic acid and citric acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, haematology and immune response of Carassius auratus gibelio. Aquac. Res., 51: 2766–2776.
]Search in Google Scholar
