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Figure 1
Type I IFN-activated signaling pathways. The type I IFN can be activated by different signaling cascades: JAK-STAT, MAPK [8], PI3K-NFκB or alternative NFκB. JAK-STAT activation leads to the ISGs induction via tyrosine phosphorylation of the STAT1 and STAT1-STAT2 complex. STATs dimer is transported to the nucleus to create a complex with IRF9 transcription factor and bind to ISRE. NFκB activation may occur via phosphorylation of Akt and IKKβ or TRAF and IKKα. Other signaling pathway activates three MAP kinases: p38, JNK, ERK