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Field and greenhouse evaluations of soil suppressiveness to Heterodera glycines in the Midwest corn-soybean production systems

Weiming Hu
Weiming Hu
, 
Eyob Kidane
Eyob Kidane
, 
Deborah A. Neher
Deborah A. Neher
 et 
Senyu Chen
Senyu Chen
   | 03 juin 2019
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Article Category: Arts & Humanities
Publié en ligne: 03 juin 2019
Pages: 1 - 12
Reçu: 18 déc. 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2019-032
© 2019 Weiming Hu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Tillage, crop rotation, and biocide treatment effects on soybean yield at two field sites infested with Heterodera glycines in Minnesota. (A) Tillage treatment at Site 1. (B) Biocide and crop sequence treatments at Site 1. (C) Tillage treatment at Site 2. (D) Biocide and crop sequence treatments at Site 2. CT = Conventional tillage, and NT = No-tillage. The CSCS, CRCS, and SSSS are 4-yr crop sequences where C is corn, S is SCN-susceptible soybean, R is SCN-resistant soybean, and the consecutive letters represent the crops in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. Illustrated are mean (±1 SE) main effects (n = 4). Bars annotated by contrasting letter(s) within the same year are different according to LSD test at P ⩽ 0.05.
Tillage, crop rotation, and biocide treatment effects on soybean yield at two field sites infested with Heterodera glycines in Minnesota. (A) Tillage treatment at Site 1. (B) Biocide and crop sequence treatments at Site 1. (C) Tillage treatment at Site 2. (D) Biocide and crop sequence treatments at Site 2. CT = Conventional tillage, and NT = No-tillage. The CSCS, CRCS, and SSSS are 4-yr crop sequences where C is corn, S is SCN-susceptible soybean, R is SCN-resistant soybean, and the consecutive letters represent the crops in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. Illustrated are mean (±1 SE) main effects (n = 4). Bars annotated by contrasting letter(s) within the same year are different according to LSD test at P ⩽ 0.05.

Figure 2:

Egg population density of Heterodera glycines and soybean shoot dry weight in the greenhouse assay of soil from plots treated with tillage, crop rotation, and biocides at two field sites in Minnesota. (A) Egg population density at Site 1. (B) Egg population density at Site 2. (C) Soybean shoot dry weight at Site 1. (D) Soybean shoot dry weight at Site 2. The data are means of all tillage and crop-biocide treatments with four replicates (n = 48 at Site 1, and n = 40 at Site 2). The lines above the bars indicate the standard error. Bars annotated by contrasting letter(s) within the same year are significantly different according to LSD test at P ⩽ 0.05.
Egg population density of Heterodera glycines and soybean shoot dry weight in the greenhouse assay of soil from plots treated with tillage, crop rotation, and biocides at two field sites in Minnesota. (A) Egg population density at Site 1. (B) Egg population density at Site 2. (C) Soybean shoot dry weight at Site 1. (D) Soybean shoot dry weight at Site 2. The data are means of all tillage and crop-biocide treatments with four replicates (n = 48 at Site 1, and n = 40 at Site 2). The lines above the bars indicate the standard error. Bars annotated by contrasting letter(s) within the same year are significantly different according to LSD test at P ⩽ 0.05.

Figure A1:

Field map of sample Site 1 in 2012.
Field map of sample Site 1 in 2012.

Interactive effects of tillage and crop-biocide treatments on the population density (eggs/100 cm3 soil) of Heterodera glycines.

Treatments Pf2010, Site 1 Pm2012, Site 1 Pm2010, Site 2
Crop Biocide No-tillage Conventional tillage No-tillage Conventional tillage No-tillage Conventional tillage
C-S-C-S No biocide 5,175 ab A 3,300 c A 959 c A 1,269 cd A 141 b A 138 c A
C-R-C-S No biocide 1,238 d A 1,550 d A 219 d B 734 d A 131 b A 13 c B
S-S-S-S Streptomycin 3,300 c B 6,575 b A 2,744 b A 2,513 b A 322 a B 1,806 bc A
S-S-S-S Captan 5,538 b A 7,225 b A 5,438 a A 2,256 bc B 1,047 a A 1,359 a A
S-S-S-S No biocide 4,275 bc A 6,388 b A 2,988 b A 2,344 bc A 956 a A 1,459 ab A
S-S-S-S Formaldehyde 14,463 a A 10,850 a A 5,788 a A 5,944 a A

Plot treatments.

Crop sequence
Treatment 2009 2010 2011 2012 Biocide treatment
1 C S C S No
2 C R1 C S No
3 S S S S Streptomycin, every year
4 S S S S Captan, every year
5 S S S S No
6 S S S S Formalina

Tillage, crop rotation, and biocide treatment effects on Heterodera glycines population density (eggs/100 cm3 soil) at nematode suppressive soil at two field sites in Minnesota.

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012
Treatment Pi Pm Pf Pi Pm Pf Pi Pm Pf Pi Pm Pf
Site 1
Tillage:
 No-tillage 4,258 a 4,442 a 7,033 a 4,853 a 2,400 b 5,664 a 4,442 a 2,507 a 6,319 a 4,621 a 3,022 a 11,666 a
 Conventional tillage 4,393 a 4,241 a 8,547 a 5,135 a 3,378 a 5,981 a 4,622 a 2,116 a 6,457 a 3,409 b 2,510 a 8,613 a
Crop-Biocide:
 C-S-C-S, no biocide 3,881 a 3,200 c 2,250 b 1,766 b 1,102 d 4,238 c 2,263 c 1,275 b 1,175 d 677 d 1,114 c 11,803 b
 C-R-C-S no biocide 4,519 a 3,350 c 2,756 b 1,480 b 848 d 1,394 d 1,075 d 678 c 438 e 345 d 477 d 6,975 c
 S-S-S-S streptomycin 5,338 a 5,452 a 11,675 a 6,609 a 2,581 c 4,938 bc 3,556 b 1,791 b 6,488 c 4,413 bc 2,628 b 6,209 c
 S-S-S-S captan 4,013 a 5,409 a 10,444 a 6,775 a 4,131 b 6,381 b 4,334 b 2,406 b 9,181 b 6,206 ab 3,847 b 9,781 bc
 S-S-S-S no biocide 4,641 a 4,847 ab 9,794 a 5,947 a 2,828 c 5,331 bc 3,406 bc 1,597 b 6,506 c 3,969 c 2,666 b 8,169 c
 S-S-S-S formaldehyde 3,566 a 3,794 bc 9,825 a 7,391 a 5,856 a 12,656 a 12,563 a 6,125 a 14,541 a 8,481 a 5,866 a 17,897 a
Overall means 4,326 4,342 7,790 4,994 2,889 5,823 4,532 2,312 6,388 4,015 2,766 10,140
ANOVA (F-statistics):
 Tillage 0.09 0.01 3.82 0.19 25.46* 0.34 1.04 0.07 0.53 18.2* 0 1.14
 Crop-Biocide 1.98 5.65*** 23.08**** 33.56**** 32.2**** 32.83**** 38.2**** 16.09**** 75.89**** 39.18**** 33.03**** 10.88****
 Tillage × Crop-Biocide 0.32 1.84 2.38 1.28 1.67 3.76** 1.8 1.79 1.72 1.01 4.16** 1.23
Site 2
Tillage:
 No-tillage 139 a 553 a 1,146 a 899 a 519 b 2,586 a 2,892 a 2,747 a 6,708 a 3,635 a 2,368 a 7,646 a
 Conventional tillage 65 a 539 a 1,732 a 803 a 955 a 2,893 a 2,702 a 2,467a 6,205 a 2,993 a 2,634 a 7,590 a
Crop-Biocide:
 C-S-C-S no biocide 136 a 106 b 214 c 64 b 139 b 1,381 b 1,025 b 1,363 b 1,594 c 806 c 1,141 c 8,231 a
 C-R-C-S no biocide 123 a 158 b 91 c 374 b 72 b 153 c 163 c 100 c 125 d 144 d 197 d 3,631 b
 S-S-S-S streptomycin 92 a 1,053 a 1,586 b 802 a 1,064 a 4,506 a 3,919 a 4,322 a 10,369 ab 3,988 b 3,188 b 7,991 a
 S-S-S-S captan 98 a 809 a 2,430 ab 1,439 a 1,203 a 4,113 a 5,150 a 4,856 a 12,563 a 7,581 a 5,859 a 11,325 a
 S-S-S-S no biocide 61 a 602 a 2,873 a 1,579 a 1,208 a 3,544 a 2,781 a 3,347 a 7,631 b 4,050 b 2,119 b 6,913 a
Overall means 102 546 1,439 851 737 2,740 2,797 2,607 6,457 3,314 2,501 7,618
ANOVA (F-statistics):
 Tillage 3.9 0.41 2.07 1.64 10.56* 0.96 1.21 0.89 3.85 0.25 2.87 0.02
 Biocide-crop 7.18*** 22.01**** 7.77*** 22.45**** 34.09**** 20.98**** 29.94**** 54.87**** 37.73**** 28.89**** 6.09**
 Tillage × Crop-Biocide 0.09 0.26 1.08 0.15 4.67** 1.17 1.24 0.69 0.36 1.25 0.43 0.57
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