Treatments | Pf2010, Site 1 | Pm2012, Site 1 | Pm2010, Site 2 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crop | Biocide | No-tillage | Conventional tillage | No-tillage | Conventional tillage | No-tillage | Conventional tillage | ||||||
C-S-C-S | No biocide | 5,175 | ab A | 3,300 | c A | 959 | c A | 1,269 | cd A | 141 | b A | 138 | c A |
C-R-C-S | No biocide | 1,238 | d A | 1,550 | d A | 219 | d B | 734 | d A | 131 | b A | 13 | c B |
S-S-S-S | Streptomycin | 3,300 | c B | 6,575 | b A | 2,744 | b A | 2,513 | b A | 322 | a B | 1,806 | bc A |
S-S-S-S | Captan | 5,538 | b A | 7,225 | b A | 5,438 | a A | 2,256 | bc B | 1,047 | a A | 1,359 | a A |
S-S-S-S | No biocide | 4,275 | bc A | 6,388 | b A | 2,988 | b A | 2,344 | bc A | 956 | a A | 1,459 | ab A |
S-S-S-S | Formaldehyde | 14,463 | a A | 10,850 | a A | 5,788 | a A | 5,944 | a A |
Crop sequence | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | Biocide treatment |
1 | C | S | C | S | No |
2 | C | R1 | C | S | No |
3 | S | S | S | S | Streptomycin, every year |
4 | S | S | S | S | Captan, every year |
5 | S | S | S | S | No |
6 | S | S | S | S | Formalina |
Year | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | Pi | Pm | Pf | Pi | Pm | Pf | Pi | Pm | Pf | Pi | Pm | Pf | |
Site 1 | |||||||||||||
Tillage: | |||||||||||||
No-tillage | 4,258 a | 4,442 a | 7,033 a | 4,853 a | 2,400 b | 5,664 a | 4,442 a | 2,507 a | 6,319 a | 4,621 a | 3,022 a | 11,666 a | |
Conventional tillage | 4,393 a | 4,241 a | 8,547 a | 5,135 a | 3,378 a | 5,981 a | 4,622 a | 2,116 a | 6,457 a | 3,409 b | 2,510 a | 8,613 a | |
Crop-Biocide: | |||||||||||||
C-S-C-S, | no biocide | 3,881 a | 3,200 c | 2,250 b | 1,766 b | 1,102 d | 4,238 c | 2,263 c | 1,275 b | 1,175 d | 677 d | 1,114 c | 11,803 b |
C-R-C-S | no biocide | 4,519 a | 3,350 c | 2,756 b | 1,480 b | 848 d | 1,394 d | 1,075 d | 678 c | 438 e | 345 d | 477 d | 6,975 c |
S-S-S-S | streptomycin | 5,338 a | 5,452 a | 11,675 a | 6,609 a | 2,581 c | 4,938 bc | 3,556 b | 1,791 b | 6,488 c | 4,413 bc | 2,628 b | 6,209 c |
S-S-S-S | captan | 4,013 a | 5,409 a | 10,444 a | 6,775 a | 4,131 b | 6,381 b | 4,334 b | 2,406 b | 9,181 b | 6,206 ab | 3,847 b | 9,781 bc |
S-S-S-S | no biocide | 4,641 a | 4,847 ab | 9,794 a | 5,947 a | 2,828 c | 5,331 bc | 3,406 bc | 1,597 b | 6,506 c | 3,969 c | 2,666 b | 8,169 c |
S-S-S-S | formaldehyde | 3,566 a | 3,794 bc | 9,825 a | 7,391 a | 5,856 a | 12,656 a | 12,563 a | 6,125 a | 14,541 a | 8,481 a | 5,866 a | 17,897 a |
Overall means | 4,326 | 4,342 | 7,790 | 4,994 | 2,889 | 5,823 | 4,532 | 2,312 | 6,388 | 4,015 | 2,766 | 10,140 | |
ANOVA ( |
|||||||||||||
Tillage | 0.09 | 0.01 | 3.82 | 0.19 | 25.46* | 0.34 | 1.04 | 0.07 | 0.53 | 18.2* | 0 | 1.14 | |
Crop-Biocide | 1.98 | 5.65*** | 23.08**** | 33.56**** | 32.2**** | 32.83**** | 38.2**** | 16.09**** | 75.89**** | 39.18**** | 33.03**** | 10.88**** | |
Tillage × Crop-Biocide | 0.32 | 1.84 | 2.38 | 1.28 | 1.67 | 3.76** | 1.8 | 1.79 | 1.72 | 1.01 | 4.16** | 1.23 | |
Site 2 | |||||||||||||
Tillage: | |||||||||||||
No-tillage | 139 a | 553 a | 1,146 a | 899 a | 519 b | 2,586 a | 2,892 a | 2,747 a | 6,708 a | 3,635 a | 2,368 a | 7,646 a | |
Conventional tillage | 65 a | 539 a | 1,732 a | 803 a | 955 a | 2,893 a | 2,702 a | 2,467a | 6,205 a | 2,993 a | 2,634 a | 7,590 a | |
Crop-Biocide: | |||||||||||||
C-S-C-S | no biocide | 136 a | 106 b | 214 c | 64 b | 139 b | 1,381 b | 1,025 b | 1,363 b | 1,594 c | 806 c | 1,141 c | 8,231 a |
C-R-C-S | no biocide | 123 a | 158 b | 91 c | 374 b | 72 b | 153 c | 163 c | 100 c | 125 d | 144 d | 197 d | 3,631 b |
S-S-S-S | streptomycin | 92 a | 1,053 a | 1,586 b | 802 a | 1,064 a | 4,506 a | 3,919 a | 4,322 a | 10,369 ab | 3,988 b | 3,188 b | 7,991 a |
S-S-S-S | captan | 98 a | 809 a | 2,430 ab | 1,439 a | 1,203 a | 4,113 a | 5,150 a | 4,856 a | 12,563 a | 7,581 a | 5,859 a | 11,325 a |
S-S-S-S | no biocide | 61 a | 602 a | 2,873 a | 1,579 a | 1,208 a | 3,544 a | 2,781 a | 3,347 a | 7,631 b | 4,050 b | 2,119 b | 6,913 a |
Overall means | 102 | 546 | 1,439 | 851 | 737 | 2,740 | 2,797 | 2,607 | 6,457 | 3,314 | 2,501 | 7,618 | |
ANOVA ( |
|||||||||||||
Tillage | 3.9 | 0.41 | 2.07 | 1.64 | 10.56* | 0.96 | 1.21 | 0.89 | 3.85 | 0.25 | 2.87 | 0.02 | |
Biocide-crop | 7.18*** | 22.01**** | 7.77*** | 22.45**** | 34.09**** | 20.98**** | 29.94**** | 54.87**** | 37.73**** | 28.89**** | 6.09** | ||
Tillage × Crop-Biocide | 0.09 | 0.26 | 1.08 | 0.15 | 4.67** | 1.17 | 1.24 | 0.69 | 0.36 | 1.25 | 0.43 | 0.57 |