Case | Reference building | Building after optimization | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GA | PSO | TLBO | |||
Type of glazing | G10 | G05 | G05 | G05 | |
Window area, m2 | W1 | 3.375 | 5.250 | 3.000 | 3.000 |
W2 | 3.375 | 4.500 | 0 | 6.375 | |
W3 | 3.375 | 4.125 | 6.375 | 0 | |
W4 | 2.250 | 3.375 | 2.250 | 2.250 | |
W5 | 1.875 | 4.125 | 2.250 | 3.375 | |
W6 | 1.875 | 0 | 1.500 | 0 | |
W7 | 3.375 | 3.375 | 3.375 | 3.375 | |
W8 | 1.875 | 3.000 | 2.250 | 0 | |
W9 | 1.875 | 1.125 | 1.500 | 3.375 | |
Insulation, cm | external walls | 12 | 15 | 18 | 18 |
ground floor | 5 | 15 | 10 | 12 | |
ceiling | 20 | 22 | 28 | 28 | |
Building orientation, deg (clockwise) | 0 | 180 | 247.5 | 247.5 | |
Sum of windows area, m2 | 23.25 | 28.875 | 22.500 | 21.750 | |
Sum of glazing area, m2 | 15.711 | 19.592 | 15.396 | 14.941 | |
LCC, PLN | 38 408 | 32 611 | 31 760 | 31 299 | |
LCC savings, % | 0 | 15 | 17 | 19 | |
Heating demand, kWh/m2 | 52.6 | 32.1 | 30.9 | 29.1 | |
Cooling demand, kWh/m2 | 9.7 | 19.1 | 13.2 | 13.4 | |
Total energy savings, % | 0 | 18 | 29 | 32 |
Design variable | Options | Cost
|
---|---|---|
Glazing type for window | G10 ( |
148 PLN/m2
|
Windows area | Height: 1.5 m |
0 PLN for all options |
Insulation | ||
Ground floor: polystyrene (λ = 0.031 W/mK) | 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 cm (thickness) | 223 PLN/m3 |
External wall: polystyrene (λ = 0.031 W/mK) | 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25 cm (thickness) | 198 PLN/m3 |
Ceiling to unheated attic: mineral wool (λ = 0.038 W/mK) | 20, 22, 25, 28, 30, 35 cm (thickness) | 1.36 PLN/m2 for 1 cm of thickness |
Azimuth (orientation of the building relatively to the north) | 0–337.5 with step 22.5 | 0 PLN for all options |
Additionally included the costs of window frame and installation and cost of external wall construction |
Number of occupants | 4 |
Number of heated floors | 1 |
Area of heated floor | 150 m2 |
Floor-to-floor height | 2.6 m |
External wall construction | Brick with polystyrene insulation, |
Ceiling construction | Ferroconcrete with mineral wool insulation, |
Roof construction | Covered with ceramic tiles and uninsulated |
Ground floor construction | Concrete with polystyrene insulation, |
Windows construction | Double glazed, PCV frame, |
Opaque external wall | 102.15 m2 |
Window area | 23.25 m2 |
Ventilation | Natural |
Cooling System | Split system air conditioner (electricity) |
Heating System | Central heating with radiators (natural gas boiler) |