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MULTI-VARIABLE OPTIMIZATION MODELS FOR BUILDING ENVELOPE DESIGN USING ENERGYPLUS SIMULATION AND METAHEURISTIC ALGORITHMS

Krzysztof GRYGIEREK
Krzysztof GRYGIEREK
 and 
Joanna FERDYN-GRYGIEREK
Joanna FERDYN-GRYGIEREK
   | Aug 06, 2019
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Article Category: review
Published Online: Aug 06, 2019
Page range: 81 - 90
Received: Jul 18, 2018
Accepted: Apr 26, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2019-025
Keywords
© 2019 Krzysztof GRYGIEREK et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Flowchart diagram for the developed simulation/optimization
Flowchart diagram for the developed simulation/optimization

Figure 2.

Ground floor view (dimensions in cm), adopted from Ferdyn-Grygierek and Grygierek [26]
Ground floor view (dimensions in cm), adopted from Ferdyn-Grygierek and Grygierek [26]

Figure 3.

Life cycle costs convergence history
Life cycle costs convergence history

Optimal results

Case Reference building Building after optimization
GA PSO TLBO
Type of glazing G10 G05 G05 G05
Window area, m2 W1 3.375 5.250 3.000 3.000
W2 3.375 4.500 0 6.375
W3 3.375 4.125 6.375 0
W4 2.250 3.375 2.250 2.250
W5 1.875 4.125 2.250 3.375
W6 1.875 0 1.500 0
W7 3.375 3.375 3.375 3.375
W8 1.875 3.000 2.250 0
W9 1.875 1.125 1.500 3.375
Insulation, cm external walls 12 15 18 18
ground floor 5 15 10 12
ceiling 20 22 28 28
Building orientation, deg (clockwise) 0 180 247.5 247.5
Sum of windows area, m2 23.25 28.875 22.500 21.750
Sum of glazing area, m2 15.711 19.592 15.396 14.941
LCC, PLN 38 408 32 611 31 760 31 299
LCC savings, % 0 15 17 19
Heating demand, kWh/m2 52.6 32.1 30.9 29.1
Cooling demand, kWh/m2 9.7 19.1 13.2 13.4
Total energy savings, % 0 18 29 32

Cost data for design variables and options used for the optimization analysis

Design variable Options Cost *
Glazing type for window G10 (U glass =1.0 W/m2 K, SHGC=0.49)G07 (U glass =0.7 W/m2 K, SHGC=0.61)G06 (U glass =0.6 W/m2 K, SHGC=0.51)G05 (U glass =0.5 W/m2 K, SHGC=0.43) 148 PLN/m2 278 PLN/m2 230 PLN/m2 249 PLN/m2
Windows area Height: 1.5 mWidth: 0 and 0.75 m – 4.25 m with step 0.25 mWindows area for RB: 23.25 m2 0 PLN for all options
Insulation
Ground floor: polystyrene (λ = 0.031 W/mK) 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 cm (thickness) 223 PLN/m3
External wall: polystyrene (λ = 0.031 W/mK) 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25 cm (thickness) 198 PLN/m3
Ceiling to unheated attic: mineral wool (λ = 0.038 W/mK) 20, 22, 25, 28, 30, 35 cm (thickness) 1.36 PLN/m2 for 1 cm of thickness
Azimuth (orientation of the building relatively to the north) 0–337.5 with step 22.5 0 PLN for all options
Additionally included the costs of window frame and installation and cost of external wall construction

Characteristics of the reference building

Number of occupants 4
Number of heated floors 1
Area of heated floor 150 m2
Floor-to-floor height 2.6 m
External wall construction Brick with polystyrene insulation, U = 0.22 W/m2K
Ceiling construction Ferroconcrete with mineral wool insulation, U = 0.18 W/m2K
Roof construction Covered with ceramic tiles and uninsulated
Ground floor construction Concrete with polystyrene insulation, U = 0.29 W/m2K
Windows construction Double glazed, PCV frame, U glass = 1.00 W/m2K
Opaque external wall 102.15 m2
Window area 23.25 m2
Ventilation Natural
Cooling System Split system air conditioner (electricity)
Heating System Central heating with radiators (natural gas boiler)
eISSN:
1899-0142
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Architecture and Design, Architecture, Architects, Buildings
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