Accès libre

The Polish–Belarusian Border Crisis and the (Lack of) European Union Response

À propos de cet article

Citez

Amnesty International, Greece: Violence, Lies, and Pushbacks – Refugees and Migrants Still Denied Safety and Asylum at Europe’s Borders, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur25/4307/2021/en/. Search in Google Scholar

Amnesty International, Polska: Okrucieństwo zamiast współczucia na granicy z Białorusią, https://amnesty.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Raport-Amnesty-Intrnational-POLSKA-OKRUCIENSTWO-ZAMIAST-WSPOLCZUCIA-NA-GRANICY-Z-BIALORUSIA.pdf. Search in Google Scholar

Arraf J., Khaleel S., Limping and Penniless, Iraqis Deported From Belarus Face Bleak Futures, ‘New York Times’ 22.11.2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/22/world/middleeast/belarus-iraqi-migrant-deportations.html. Search in Google Scholar

Baranowska G., Pushbacks in Poland: Grounding the Practice in Domestic Law in 2021, ‘Polish Year-book of International Law’ 2023, vol. 41, pp. 193–211. Search in Google Scholar

Bast J., von Harbou F., Wessels J., Human Rights Challenges to European Migration Policy, Baden-Baden 2022.10.5771/9783748926740 Search in Google Scholar

Bodnar A., Grzelak A., In Poland, Where is Frontex? ‘Politico.eu’ 04.11.2021, https://www.politico.eu/article/poland-frontex-belarus-border-migration-crisis/. Search in Google Scholar

Christides G., Lüdke S., Why Der Spiegel Is Publishing the EU Investigative Report on Pushbacks, ‘Der Spiegel’ 13.10.2022, https://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/why-der-spiegel-is-publishing-the-eu-investigative-report-on-pushbacks-a-5218398a-5c1e-414e-a477-b26515353fce. Search in Google Scholar

Commissioner for Human Rights, Commissioner Calls for Immediate Access of International and National Human Rights Actors and Media to Poland’s Border with Belarus to End Human Suffering and Violations of Human Rights, 19.11.2021, https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/commissioner-calls-for-immediate-access-of-international-and-national-human-rights-actors-and-media-to-poland-s-border-with-belarus-in-order-to-end-hu. Search in Google Scholar

Commissioner for Human Rights, Poland should take immediate action to protect the human rights of people stranded at its border with Belarus, https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/poland-should-take-immediate-action-to-protect-the-human-rights-of-people-stranded-at-its-border-with-belarus. Search in Google Scholar

Czuchnowski W., Kryzys na granicy polsko-białoruskiej. Dziennikarz uraził 200 funkcjonariuszy Straży Granicznej wpisem o ‘naszywkach SS’, ‘Gazeta Wyborcza’ 26.11.2022, https://wyborcza.pl/7,75398,29185828,kryzys-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej-dziennikarz-urazil-200.html. Search in Google Scholar

Czuchnowski W., Sąd: Kurdej-Szatan nie znieważyła Straży Granicznej, ‘Gazeta Wyborcza’ 06.12.2022, https://wyborcza.pl/7,75398,29229732,sad-kurdej-szatan-nie-zniewazyla-strazy-granicznej.html. Search in Google Scholar

Doliwa-Klepacka A., The New Pact on Migration and Asylum as a Response to Current Migration Challenges: Selected Issues, ‘Bialostockie Studia Prawnicze’ 2021, no. 1, pp. 9–21.10.15290/bsp.2021.26.01.01 Search in Google Scholar

Dowd R., McAdam J., International Cooperation and Responsibility-Sharing to Protect Refugees: What, Why and How? ‘International and Comparative Law Quarterly’ 2017, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 863–892.10.1017/S0020589317000343 Search in Google Scholar

European Parliament press release, Poland–Belarus border: MEPs alarmed by humanitarian and political crisis, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20211110IPR17001/Poland–Belarus-border-meps-alarmed-by-humanitarian-and-political-crisis. Search in Google Scholar

European Parliamentary Research Service, Solidarity in EU Asylum Policy, PE 649.344, March 2020, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/649344/EPRS_BRI(2020)649344_EN.pdf. Search in Google Scholar

Filipec O. Multilevel Analysis of the 2021 Poland–Belarus Border Crisis in the Context of Hybrid Threats, ‘Central European Journal of Politics’ 2022, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–18.10.24132/cejop_2022_1 Search in Google Scholar

Fundamental Rights Agency, Fundamental Rights Issues at Land Borders https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2020/migration-fundamental-rights-issues-land-borders. Search in Google Scholar

Górczyńska M., Szczepanik M., A Road to Nowhere: The Account of a Monitoring Visit at the Brześć–Terespol Border Crossing between Poland and Belarus, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights 2016, https://www.hfhr.pl/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/A-road-to-nowhere.-The-account-ofa-monitoring-visit-at-the-Brze%C5%9B%C4%87-Terespol-border-crossing-point-FINAL.pdf. Search in Google Scholar

Grupa Granica, Kryzys humanitarny na pograniczu polsko-białoruskim, https://www.grupagranica.pl/files/Raport-GG-Kryzys-humanitarny-napograniczu-polsko-bialoruskim.pdf. Search in Google Scholar

Grzelak A., Wróblewski M., Ochrona praw podstawowych w ramach przestrzeni wolności, bezpieczeństwa i sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej, (in:) J. Barcz (ed.), Współpraca sądowa w sprawach cywilnych, karnych i współpraca policyjna. System Prawa Unii Europejskiej, Tom 8, Warsaw 2020, pp. 705–858. Search in Google Scholar

Higgins A., Belarus Clears Migrant Camp, Easing Border Standoff with Poland, ‘New York Times’ 18.11.2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/18/world/europe/belarus-poland-migrant-camp.html. Search in Google Scholar

Human Rights Watch, Frontex Failing to Protect People at EU Borders, https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/23/frontex-failing-protect-people-eu-borders. Search in Google Scholar

Human Rights Watch, Poland: Asylum Seekers Blocked at Border, Ensure Procedure Access; Halt Summary Returns, https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/03/01/poland-asylum-seekers-blocked-border. Search in Google Scholar

International Rescue Committee, Policy Brief: The New Pact on Migration and Asylum: One Year on, a Fair and Humane Asylum System is Needed More Than Ever, 23.09.2021, https://eu.rescue.org/article/new-pact-migration-and-asylum-one-year-fair-and-humane-asylum-system-needed-more-ever. Search in Google Scholar

Klaus W. (ed.), Poza prawem. Prawna ocena działań państwa polskiego w reakcji na kryzys humanitarny na granicy polsko-białoruskiej, Warsaw 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Klaus W., Szulecka M., Departing or Being Deported? Poland’s Approach towards Humanitarian Migrants, ‘Journal of Refugee Studies’ 2022, p. feac063, https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feac063.10.1093/jrs/feac063 Search in Google Scholar

Klimowicz J., Sąd: Push-back nielegalny. Pierwszy wyrok w sprawie wywózek migrantów na granicę z Białorusią ‘Gazeta Wyborcza’ 29.03.2022, https://bialystofk.wyborcza.pl/bialystok/7,35241,28278358,sad-push-backi-sa-nielegalne-pierwszy-wyrok-w-sprawie-wywozek.html. Search in Google Scholar

Küçük E., The Principle of Solidarity and Fairness in Sharing Responsibility: More than Window Dressing? ‘European Law Joual’ 2016, vol. 22, pp. 448–469.10.1111/eulj.12185 Search in Google Scholar

Kużelewska E., Piekutowska A., The EU Member States’ Diverging Experiences and Policies on Refugees and the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, ‘Bialostockie Studia Prawnicze’ 2021, no. 1, pp. 23–36.10.15290/bsp.2021.26.01.02 Search in Google Scholar

Miadzvetskaya Y., Designing Sanctions: Lessons from EU Restrictive Measures against Belarus, GMF Policy Paper June 2022, https://www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/2022–06/Designing%20Sanctions%20Lessons%20from%20EU%20Restrictive%20Measures%20against%20Belarus.pdf. Search in Google Scholar

Moreno-Lax V., EU External Migration Policy and the Protection of Human Rights, September 2020, EP/EXPO/DROI/FWC/2019–01/LOT6/1/C/06 EN September 2020 -PE 603.512. Search in Google Scholar

Notes from Poland, UN Refugee Agency Calls on Poland to Admit Asylum Seekers on Border with Bela-rus, 24.08.2021, https://notesfrompoland.com/2021/08/24/un-refugee-agency-calls-on-poland-to-admit-asylum-seekers-on-border-with-belarus/. Search in Google Scholar

Peers S., EU Justice and Home Affairs Law: EU Immigration and Asylum Law, Oxford 2016.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198776833.001.0001 Search in Google Scholar

Refugee Rights Europe and the End Pushbacks Partnership, Pushbacks and Rights Violations at Europe’s Borders: The State of Play in 2020, https://refugee-rights.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/push-backs-and-rights-violations-at-europes-borders.pdf. Search in Google Scholar

Relief Web, People Repeatedly Repelled at Lithuania and Latvia Borders Face Increased Suffering, https://reliefweb.int/report/lithuania/people-repeatedly-repelled-lithuania-and-latvia-borders-face-increased-suffering. Search in Google Scholar

Rumieńczyk B., Szok i niedowierzanie! Wolontariusze KIK nie przemycali ludzi [Shock and Disbelief. KIK volunteers did not participate in human trafficking], ‘OKO.Press’ 07.09.2022, https://oko.press/szok-i-niedowierzanie-wolontariusze-kik-nie-przemycali-ludzi. Search in Google Scholar

Sadurski W., Poland’s Constitutional Breakdown, Oxford 2019.10.1093/oso/9780198840503.001.0001 Search in Google Scholar

Schotel B., EU Operational Powers and Legal Protection. A Legal Theory Perspective on the Operational Powers of the European Border and Coast Guard, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3587298. Search in Google Scholar

Thym D., Tsourdi E. (L.), Searching for Solidarity in the EU Asylum and Border Policies: Constitutional and Operational Dimensions, ‘Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law’ 2017, no. 24, pp. 611–612.10.1177/1023263X17741273 Search in Google Scholar

Turski M., Unde malum? Skąd bierze się zło? Lecture at Warsaw University, 16.11.2021. Search in Google Scholar

UNHCR, IOM, UNHCR Provide Emergency Aid to Asylum-Seekers and Migrants at the Belarus–Poland Border, Call to Ensure Well-Being of People and Prevent Loss of Life, 12.11.2021, https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2021/11/618e20c34/iom-unhcr-provide-emergency-aid-asylum-seekers-migrants-belarus-poland.html. Search in Google Scholar

UNHCR, UNHCR and IOM Call for Immediate De-Escalation at the Belarus–Poland Border, 09.11.2021, https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2021/11/618a63674/unhcr-iom-call-immediate-de-escalation-belarus-poland-border.html. Search in Google Scholar

Usnarz Górny to czubek góry lodowej. Nie pozwolimy na to (Usnarz Górny is just the tip of the iceberg. We will not allow this), ‘Rzeczpospolita’, 2 September 2021, https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art18878991-mariusz-kaminski-usnarz-gorny-to-czubek-gory-lodowej-nie-pozwolimy-na-to (accessed 16.02.2023). Search in Google Scholar

Władysław Frasyniuk miał znieważyć żołnierzy. Sąd warunkowo umorzył sprawę [Władysław Frasyniuk was alleged to have insulted soldiers. The Court has conditionally redeemed the case], ‘TVN24’ 04.08.2022, https://tvn24.pl/polska/wroclaw-sad-umorzyl-proces-wladyslawa-frasyniuka-o-zniewazenie-zolnierzy-jest-zapowiedz-apelacji-6057396. Search in Google Scholar

Zdanowicz M., Poland’s Stance on the Refugee and Migration Crisis in the European Union, ‘Białostockie Studia Prawnicze’ 2021, no. 1, pp. 85–103.10.15290/bsp.2021.26.01.07 Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2719-9452
Langues:
Anglais, Polaco
Périodicité:
4 fois par an
Sujets de la revue:
Law, International Law, Foreign Law, Comparative Law, other, European Law, Social Sciences, Political Science