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The impact of amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii Dybowsky, 1877) on the riverine ecosystem: food selectivity of amur sleeper in a recently colonized river

Marius Andrei Rau
Marius Andrei Rau
, 
Gabriel Plavan
Gabriel Plavan
, 
Stefan Adrian Strungaru
Stefan Adrian Strungaru
, 
Mircea Nicoara
Mircea Nicoara
, 
Pablo Rodriguez-Lozano
Pablo Rodriguez-Lozano
, 
Alin Mihu-Pintilie
Alin Mihu-Pintilie
, 
Dorel Ureche
Dorel Ureche
 et 
Piotr Klimaszyk
Piotr Klimaszyk
   | 06 mars 2017
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Article Category: Original research paper
Publié en ligne: 06 mars 2017
Pages: 96 - 107
Reçu: 19 janv. 2016
Accepté: 24 mai 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2017-0010
© Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland. All rights reserved
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Sampling sites for Amur Sleeper in the Siret River, Romania
Sampling sites for Amur Sleeper in the Siret River, Romania

Figure 2

Feeding strategy displayed by the Costello (1990) graphic method for Amur sleeper in relation size classes – A (< 70 mm Sl) and B ( ≥ 70 mm Sl) Acronyms used to abbreviate the macroinvertebrate groups, genus or species binomial nomenclature: ase – Asellus aquaticus; bae – Baetis spp.; cae – Caenis spp.; cer – Ceratopogonidae; chi – Chironomidae; coe – Coenagrion puella; cbi – Cricotopus bicinctus; cor – Corixa spp.; ctr – Cricotopus triannulatus; dia – Diamesa sp.; dyt – Dytiscus spp.; elo – Elophila spp.; erp – Erpobdella octoculata; fag – Fagotia esperi; for – Forcipomyinae; gom – Gomphus spp.; hal – Haliplus spp.; hcu -Hydrovatus cuspidatus; hel – Helobdella stagnalis; hyd – Hydropsyche spp.; ind – indeterminate; lym – Lymnaea spp.; mel – Meladema spp.; oli – Oligochaeta; ost – Ostracoda; phy – Physa acuta; pis – Pisidium spp.; psy – Psychodidae; set – Setodes spp.; sim – Simpetrum spp.; str – Stratiomyidae; tip – Tipula spp.; trr – Terrestrial macroinvertebrates; val – Valvatidae
Feeding strategy displayed by the Costello (1990) graphic method for Amur sleeper in relation size classes – A (< 70 mm Sl) and B ( ≥ 70 mm Sl) Acronyms used to abbreviate the macroinvertebrate groups, genus or species binomial nomenclature: ase – Asellus aquaticus; bae – Baetis spp.; cae – Caenis spp.; cer – Ceratopogonidae; chi – Chironomidae; coe – Coenagrion puella; cbi – Cricotopus bicinctus; cor – Corixa spp.; ctr – Cricotopus triannulatus; dia – Diamesa sp.; dyt – Dytiscus spp.; elo – Elophila spp.; erp – Erpobdella octoculata; fag – Fagotia esperi; for – Forcipomyinae; gom – Gomphus spp.; hal – Haliplus spp.; hcu -Hydrovatus cuspidatus; hel – Helobdella stagnalis; hyd – Hydropsyche spp.; ind – indeterminate; lym – Lymnaea spp.; mel – Meladema spp.; oli – Oligochaeta; ost – Ostracoda; phy – Physa acuta; pis – Pisidium spp.; psy – Psychodidae; set – Setodes spp.; sim – Simpetrum spp.; str – Stratiomyidae; tip – Tipula spp.; trr – Terrestrial macroinvertebrates; val – Valvatidae

Figure 3

Feeding strategy displayed by the Costello (1990) graphic method for Amur sleeper in relation to sampling sites – Galbeni (n=132), Cleja (n=152), Răcăciuni (n=65) Acronyms used to abbreviate the macroinvertebrate groups, genus or species binomial nomenclature – see Fig. 2
Feeding strategy displayed by the Costello (1990) graphic method for Amur sleeper in relation to sampling sites – Galbeni (n=132), Cleja (n=152), Răcăciuni (n=65) Acronyms used to abbreviate the macroinvertebrate groups, genus or species binomial nomenclature – see Fig. 2

Figure 4

Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationship between Amur sleeper food composition and fish morphology (weight, length and width) and environmental parameters (characteristics of the bottom substrate: rocks, mud, gravel, sand and the prevailing type of vegetation) Acronyms used to abbreviate the macroinvertebrate groups, genus or species binomial nomenclature – see Fig. 2
Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationship between Amur sleeper food composition and fish morphology (weight, length and width) and environmental parameters (characteristics of the bottom substrate: rocks, mud, gravel, sand and the prevailing type of vegetation) Acronyms used to abbreviate the macroinvertebrate groups, genus or species binomial nomenclature – see Fig. 2

Traits-based analysis for the total content of P. glenii gut size classes

Traits Categories Total < 70 mm ≥ 70 mm
mean SE mean SE mean SE
Potential size of the prey 0.5-1 cm 28.71 1.31 31.79 1.94 25.06 1.64
1-2 cm 61.89 1.49 58.02 2.16 66.46 1.94
2-4 cm 5.25 0.53 5.78 0.84 4.62 0.56
4-8 cm 0.53 0.13 0.39 0.15 0.70 0.22
5-25 cm 3.60 0.47 4.01 0.76 3.13 0.47
Locomotion and substrate relation Flier 0.70 0.11 0.33 0.11 1.14 0.20
Surface swimmer 0.22 0.06 0.19 0.08 0.25 0.10
Full water swimmer 15.71 0.79 15.96 1.01 15.42 1.23
Crawler 51.04 0.54 51.47 0.65 50.53 0.89
Burrower 4.98 0.41 4.74 0.57 5.26 0.58
Interstitial 22.91 0.62 22.32 0.86 23.61 0.90
Temporarily attached 4.44 0.38 5.00 0.57 3.79 0.49
Permanently attached 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.05
Food Microorganisms 0.22 0.04 0.30 0.07 0.13 0.03
Detritus < 1mm 19.35 0.38 20.52 0.55 17.96 0.50
Dead plant ≥ 1mm 27.95 0.81 26.16 1.11 30.06 1.15
Living microphytes Living macrophytes 26.92 14.40 0.52 0.28 28.38 14.16 0.79 0.44 25.20 14.70 0.63 0.31
Dead animal ≥ 1mm 3.86 0.23 3.82 0.32 3.91 0.33
Living microinvertebrates 3.87 0.28 3.24 0.33 4.61 0.46
Living macroinvertebrates 3.34 0.34 3.29 0.45 3.39 0.52
Vertebrates 0.09 0.05 0.13 0.08 0.05 0.04
Feeding habits Absorber 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01
Deposit feeder 11.86 0.51 13.85 0.77 9.50 0.61
Shredder 47.41 1.89 42.88 2.67 52.76 2.60
Scraper 27.43 1.28 30.88 1.93 23.36 1.56
Filter-feeder 5.18 0.45 5.30 0.66 5.04 0.60
Piercer 2.50 0.41 1.19 0.41 4.03 0.74
Predator 3.78 0.47 3.70 0.73 3.86 0.57
Parasite 1.83 0.15 2.17 0.22 1.43 0.19
Substrate Boulders/pebbles 13.52 0.35 14.83 0.51 11.96 0.45
Gravel 8.35 0.14 8.86 0.20 7.74 0.19
Sand 6.82 0.11 7.23 0.15 6.34 0.15
Silt 1.92 0.16 2.20 0.24 1.59 0.18
Macrophytes 30.83 0.41 30.04 0.57 31.75 0.57
Microphytes 8.11 0.34 7.37 0.49 8.99 0.47
Twigs/roots 12.43 0.19 12.78 0.28 12.02 0.23
Organic detritus/litter 12.19 0.30 10.75 0.36 13.90 0.46
mud 5.84 0.21 5.95 0.33 5.70 0.25
Current velocity Null 36.95 0.99 34.00 1.52 40.44 1.15
Slow 38.29 0.45 37.29 0.65 39.48 0.61
Medium 15.00 0.77 17.25 1.18 12.33 0.91
Fast 9.76 0.51 11.46 0.78 7.75 0.59
Tendency to drift in the water column None 2.22 0.39 1.78 0.62 2.73 0.43
Weak 31.91 0.90 31.27 1.43 32.68 0.99
Medium 41.59 0.46 40.46 0.66 42.92 0.63
High 24.28 0.80 26.49 1.27 21.67 0.86
Tendency to drift at the water surface None 9.00 0.77 6.32 0.93 12.17 1.21
Weak 56.85 1.69 54.12 2.46 60.08 2.24
Medium 22.44 1.02 25.93 1.51 18.33 1.23
High 11.71 0.67 13.64 1.04 9.42 0.76
Trajectory on the bottom substrate or in the drift None 18.20 0.98 19.67 1.45 16.46 1.26
Linear 38.28 0.96 34.64 1.37 42.57 1.26
By random 22.71 0.71 21.13 1.03 24.59 0.92
Oscillatory 20.81 1.05 24.56 1.51 16.38 1.34
Movement frequency Continuous 66.29 1.44 60.11 2.11 73.58 1.73
Discontinuous 33.71 1.44 39.89 2.11 26.42 1.73
Diel drift behavior None 9.42 0.70 9.18 1.00 9.69 0.97
Nocturnal 31.72 0.68 29.91 0.95 33.86 0.94
Dawn 21.75 0.24 22.29 0.37 21.11 0.29
Daylight 13.93 0.43 14.81 0.63 12.90 0.55
Dusk 23.17 0.28 23.79 0.43 22.44 0.33
Agility None (sluggish) 5.16 0.68 4.36 0.99 6.10 0.90
Weak 26.34 0.82 25.48 1.28 27.35 0.95
High 68.50 0.96 70.16 1.47 66.55 1.14
Aggregation tendency Weak 30.15 0.37 30.14 0.51 30.16 0.53
High 69.85 0.37 69.86 0.51 69.84 0.53
Concealment Fixed accessory 0.76 0.20 0.66 0.31 0.88 0.24
Movable accessory 6.38 0.53 7.57 0.80 4.97 0.66
Solidly colored 64.40 0.36 64.81 0.53 63.92 0.49
Variable 12.02 0.44 10.03 0.59 14.37 0.61
Patterned 16.44 0.42 16.93 0.64 15.86 0.52
Body shape Cylindrical 60.18 1.50 66.32 2.14 52.93 1.93
Spherical 1.35 0.25 0.32 0.17 2.56 0.49
Conical 2.98 0.50 3.22 0.76 2.68 0.63
Flattened 35.49 1.48 30.13 2.11 41.82 1.92
Hydrodynamic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Body flexibility None 8.58 0.91 5.53 1.08 12.19 1.47
Weak 25.79 0.70 24.85 0.98 26.90 1.00
High 65.63 0.93 69.62 1.25 60.91 1.29
Morphological defences Cerci, silk, spine 18.79 1.12 21.39 1.75 15.72 1.27
None 81.21 1.12 78.61 1.75 84.28 1.27

Mean frequencies and proportions of each taxa in the total content of P. glenii gut size classes

Total < 70 mm Sl ≥ 70 mm Sl
Frequency Proportion Frequency Proportion Frequency Proportion
ase 75.08 43.90 66.26 38.19 85.51 50.22
bae 59.47 26.98 58.90 30.92 60.14 22.32
chi 44.19 17.48 47.24 21.09 40.58 13.22
cor 11.30 2.71 1.84 0.55 22.46 5.15
phy 11.30 1.85 11.04 2.23 11.59 1.30
val 8.31 1.33 1.84 0.74 15.94 1.93
hyd 8.64 1.23 6.13 1.13 11.59 1.36
hal 3.99 0.76 4.91 1.05 2.90 0.42
ind 3.65 0.56 3.07 0.50 4.35 0.63
tip 4.32 0.43 1.84 0.22 7.25 0.68
erp 1.00 0.38 1.23 0.64 0.72 0.08
coe 4.65 0.37 2.45 0.22 7.25 0.56
lym 1.66 0.34 1.84 0.33 1.45 0.35
cae 1.33 0.28 1.84 0.48 0.72 0.04
elo 2.33 0.26 1.23 0.22 3.62 0.29
sim 0.66 0.23 0.00 0.00 1.45 0.51
psy 1.66 0.15 1.23 0.17 2.17 0.12
ost 0.33 0.13 0.61 0.25 0.00 0.00
dyt 1.00 0.09 1.23 0.12 0.72 0.04
oli 1.00 0.08 0.61 0.09 1.45 0.07
pis 0.66 0.07 0.61 0.10 0.72 0.04
cer 1.00 0.07 1.23 0.07 0.72 0.07
trr 1.00 0.07 0.61 0.03 1.45 0.12
set 0.33 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.14
hcu 0.33 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.09
gom 0.33 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.07
fag 0.33 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.07
mel 0.66 0.03 0.61 0.02 0.72 0.04
str 0.33 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.05
hel 0.33 0.02 0.61 0.03 0.00 0.00
for 0.33 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.03

Mean frequencies and proportions of each taxa at each sampling site – Galbeni (n=132), Cleja (n=152), Răcăciuni (n=65)

Total Galbeni Cleja Răcăciuni
F P F P F P F P
ase 75.08 43.90 73.60 40.58 76.58 56.15 75.38 29.36
bae 59.47 26.98 61.60 26.98 43.24 15.28 83.08 46.96
chi 44.19 17.48 53.60 22.12 41.44 19.85 30.77 4.50
cor 11.30 2.71 8.80 1.81 5.41 0.76 26.15 7.76
phy 11.30 1.85 23.20 4.25 3.60 0.21 1.54 0.04
val 8.31 1.33 4.80 0.41 6.31 1.39 18.46 3.00
hyd 8.64 1.23 4.80 0.50 5.41 1.35 21.54 2.44
hal 3.99 0.76 4.00 0.37 6.31 1.65 0.00 0.00
ind 3.65 0.56 4.80 0.67 0.90 0.06 6.15 1.20
tip 4.32 0.43 3.20 0.27 4.50 0.65 6.15 0.36
erp 1.00 0.38 1.60 0.13 0.90 0.90 0.00 0.00
coe 4.65 0.37 6.40 0.55 4.50 0.38 1.54 0.04
lym 1.66 0.34 2.40 0.43 0.90 0.30 1.54 0.22
cae 1.33 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.15 1.29
elo 2.33 0.26 2.40 0.33 3.60 0.33 0.00 0.00
sim 0.66 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.08 1.08
psy 1.66 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.23 6.15 0.30
ost 0.33 0.13 0.80 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
dyt 1.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.62 0.39
oli 1.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.13 3.08 0.15
pis 0.66 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.15 1.54 0.08
cer 1.00 0.07 1.60 0.15 0.00 0.00 1.54 0.04
trr 1.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 2.70 0.19 0.00 0.00
set 0.33 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.54 0.31
hcu 0.33 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.54 0.19
gom 0.33 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.54 0.15
fag 0.33 0.03 0.80 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
mel 0.66 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.05 1.54 0.04
str 0.33 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.54 0.10
hel 0.33 0.02 0.80 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
for 0.33 0.01 0.80 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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