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High-resolution OSL dating of a coastal sediment sequence from the South Yellow Sea

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Map of the study area and its surrounding environment, (b) location of core YZ07. The DEM data in Fig. 1a were downloaded from http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/. The base map in Fig. 1b was obtained from a Landsat TM 8 image http://glovis.usgs.gov/.
Map of the study area and its surrounding environment, (b) location of core YZ07. The DEM data in Fig. 1a were downloaded from http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/. The base map in Fig. 1b was obtained from a Landsat TM 8 image http://glovis.usgs.gov/.

Lithological profile of the upper part of core YZ07, including sample ID, sampling depth, lithology and sedimentary facies.
Lithological profile of the upper part of core YZ07, including sample ID, sampling depth, lithology and sedimentary facies.

(a) Preheat plateau tests at a temperature range of 160–300°C at intervals of 20°C; (b) dose recovery tests at a temperature range of 160–300°C at intervals of 20°C; (c) histograms of recovered ratios conducted on 14 samples under fixed experimental conditions; (d) recovered tests measured under fixed experimental conditions from a series of irradiated doses on bleached aliquots.
(a) Preheat plateau tests at a temperature range of 160–300°C at intervals of 20°C; (b) dose recovery tests at a temperature range of 160–300°C at intervals of 20°C; (c) histograms of recovered ratios conducted on 14 samples under fixed experimental conditions; (d) recovered tests measured under fixed experimental conditions from a series of irradiated doses on bleached aliquots.

(a) Natural OSL decay curve and its growth curve (inset) fitted with single saturation exponential function for a representative young sample NL-589; (b) natural OSL decay curve and its growth curve (inset) fitted with single saturation exponential function for a representative old sample NL-632.
(a) Natural OSL decay curve and its growth curve (inset) fitted with single saturation exponential function for a representative young sample NL-589; (b) natural OSL decay curve and its growth curve (inset) fitted with single saturation exponential function for a representative old sample NL-632.

De distributions and relevant statistical characteristics of two representative samples (a–d). Radial plot shows CAM De values (in red) and the De scatter for samples NL-588 (a) and NL-612 (c), respectively. Kernel density estimation (KDE) plot showing the shapes of De distributions for samples NL-588 (b) and NL-612 (d), respectively.
De distributions and relevant statistical characteristics of two representative samples (a–d). Radial plot shows CAM De values (in red) and the De scatter for samples NL-588 (a) and NL-612 (c), respectively. Kernel density estimation (KDE) plot showing the shapes of De distributions for samples NL-588 (b) and NL-612 (d), respectively.

Summary of dose rate data, Des and OSL ages.
Summary of dose rate data, Des and OSL ages.

A) Age–depth relationship of core YZ07 in (a). The process of sea level change since the LGM in (b–d). B) Comparison with adjacent Nakdong delta chronological sequence.
A) Age–depth relationship of core YZ07 in (a). The process of sea level change since the LGM in (b–d). B) Comparison with adjacent Nakdong delta chronological sequence.

Migration history of coastline and the evolution of the Yangtze River delta since the LGM, modified from the Delta Research Group (1978) and Li and Li (1983).
Migration history of coastline and the evolution of the Yangtze River delta since the LGM, modified from the Delta Research Group (1978) and Li and Li (1983).

Results of statistical characteristics of the 28 samples

Sample IDDepth (m)nDe (Gy)OD (%)SkewnessKurtosis
meanmedianKDE. MaxCAM
NL-5886.4242.32.32.32.2 ± 0.114.3 ± 0.90.583.11
NL-5896.9241.91.91.91.9 ± 0.120.7 ± 1.40.222.81
NL-5907.8243.03.13.23.0 ± 0.119.0 ± 1.5–0.202.42
NL-5919.1242.72.62.72.6 ± 0.116.0 ± 1.10.763.35
NL-59311.7243.63.43.53.5 ± 0.225.4 ± 2.00.612.73
NL-59412.2233.43.13.13.3 ± 0.221.6 ± 1.72.358.21
NL-59513.1253.23.23.13.2 ± 0.117.5 ± 1.20.372.11
NL-59613.6272.62.12.12.4 ± 0.240.7 ± 3.82.237.50
NL-59714.7263.02.93.32.9 ± 0.229.7 ± 2.40.643.29
NL-59918.4213.23.32.73.3 ± 0.113.2 ± 0.9–0.193.81
NL-60322.1263.13.23.46.6 ± 0.325.3 ± 1.40.353.42
NL-60423.3305.45.65.85.2 ± 0.327.2 ± 1.9–0.182.39
NL-60625.0256.56.26.56.5 ± 0.318.4 ± 1.30.472.56
NL-60726.1375.65.45.95.5 ± 0.225.0 ± 1.50.552.48
NL-60826.2296.96.66.96.8 ± 0.215.0 ± 0.80.743.05
NL-60928.6246.66.16.86.3 ± 0.432.2 ± 2.90.663.82
NL-61028.9295.15.25.84.8 ± 0.332.3 ± 2.70.202.28
NL-61129.6205.24.55.14.9 ± 0.330.8 ± 2.80.882.51
NL-61230.3327.57.57.37.3 ± 0.324.9 ± 1.61.164.36
NL-61432.2249.06.59.07.8 ± 0.746.4 ± 4.62.679.61
NL-61634.52410.79.29.79.3 ± 0.945.4 ± 4.53.4815.61
NL-61836. 6279.59.210.19.1 ± 0.529.9 ± 2.30.913.58
NL-61937.5327.36.77.87.1 ± 0.324.0 ± 1.51.604.96
NL-62038.5248.98.29.38.6 ± 0.526.9 ± 2.11.454.59
NL-62241.32215.912.014.813.8 ± 1.550.7 ± 5.51.715.13
NL-62644.42313.210.314.411.8 ± 1.144.0 ± 4.31.504.81
NL-62846.52515.313.916.013.3 ± 1.452.9 ± 5.51.012.99
NL-63250.32856.253.374.851.3 ± 3.043.8 ± 2.70.372.18

CG quartz OSL dating results of the 28 samples.

Sample IDDepth (m)U (ppm)Th (ppm)K (%)Water content (%)Total dose rate (Gy/ka)Mean age (ka)CAM age (ka)
NL-5886.41.84 ± 0.088.71 ± 0.261.50 ± 0.0520.3 ± 102.0 ± 0.21.2 ± 0.11.1 ± 0.1
NL-5896.92.12 ± 0.0810.40 ± 0.291.44 ± 0.0520.5 ± 102.0 ± 0.20.9 ± 0.10.9 ± 0.1
NL-5907.81.85 ± 0.089.38 ± 0.271.61 ± 0.0522.9 ± 102.0 ± 0.21.5 ± 0.21.5 ± 0.2
NL-5919.11.98 ± 0.0810.10 ± 0.281.74 ± 0.0524.6 ± 102.1 ± 0.21.3 ± 0.21.3 ± 0.2
NL-59311.72.08 ± 0.0812.20 ± 0.342.06 ± 0.0629.0 ± 102.3 ± 0.31.6 ± 0.21.5 ± 0.2
NL-59412.22.06 ± 0.0811.1 ± 0.311.69 ± 0.0523.7 ± 102.1 ± 0.31.6 ± 0.21.5 ± 0.2
NL-59513.12.27 ± 0.0913.01 ± 0.342.04 ± 0.0626.1 ± 102.4 ± 0.31.3 ± 0.21.3 ± 0.2
NL-59613.62.46 ± 0.0914.80 ± 0.392.31 ± 0.0630.5 ± 102.5 ± 0.31.0 ± 0.20.9 ± 0.1
NL-59714.71.91 ± 0.0810.01 ± 0.271.74 ± 0.0520.7 ± 102.2 ± 0.31.4 ± 0.21.3 ± 0.2
NL-59918.41.61 ± 0.078.92 ± 0.261.53 ± 0.0519.7 ± 101.9 ± 0.21.7 ± 0.21.7 ± 0.2
NL-60322.11.96 ± 0.089.36 ± 0.271.82 ± 0.0521.2 ± 102.2 ± 0.33.3 ± 0.53.1 ± 0.4
NL-60423.31.73 ± 0.078.68 ± 0.261.74 ± 0.0520.7 ± 102.1 ± 0.32.6 ± 0.32.5 ± 0.3
NL-60625.01.54 ± 0.078.01 ± 0.241.72 ± 0.0519.4 ± 102.0 ± 0.23.3 ± 0.43.2 ± 0.4
NL-60726.12.80 ± 0.1013.40 ± 0.361.5 ± 0.0518.8 ± 102.4 ± 0.32.5 ± 0.32.3 ± 0.3
NL-60826.21.86 ± 0.0810.60 ± 0.291.6 ± 0.0520.0 ± 102.1 ± 0.33.3 ± 0.43.3 ± 0.4
NL-60928.61.47 ± 0.077.74 ± 0.241.74 ± 0.0518.8 ± 102.0 ± 0.23.3 ± 0.53.1 ± 0.4
NL-61028.91.27 ± 0.066.61 ± 0.211.82 ± 0.0514.7 ± 102.1 ± 0.32.4 ± 0.32.3 ± 0.3
NL-61129.61.19 ± 0.066.38 ± 0.211.68 ± 0.0519.9 ± 101.8 ± 0.22.8 ± 0.42.7 ± 0.4
NL-61230.31.71 ± 0.079.30 ± 0.261.87 ± 0.0525.1 ± 102.0 ± 0.23.7 ± 0.53.6 ± 0.5
NL-61432.21.87 ± 0.089.02 ± 0.271.66 ± 0.0522.3 ± 102.0 ± 0.24.6 ± 0.93.9 ± 0.6
NL-61634.52.09 ± 0.088.32 ± 0.251.71 ± 0.0518.0 ± 102.1 ± 0.35.0 ± 1.14.3 ± 0.7
NL-61836.61.50 ± 0.078.05 ± 0.241.72 ± 0.0517.4 ± 102.1 ± 0.34.6 ± 0.64.4 ± 0.6
NL-61937.52.15 ± 0.088.71 ± 0.261.73 ± 0.0520.7 ± 102.1 ± 0.33.5 ± 0.53.4 ± 0.4
NL-62037.52.30 ± 0.0911.90 ± 0.331.89 ± 0.0521.1 ± 102.4 ± 0.33.7 ± 0.53.6 ± 0.5
NL-62241.32.23 ± 0.0811.50 ± 0.321.88 ± 0.0523.3 ± 102.3 ± 0.37.0 ± 1.36.1 ± 1.0
NL-62644.41.70 ± 0.078.50 ± 0.261.87 ± 0.0520.8 ± 102.1 ± 0.36.2 ± 1.06.0 ± 1.0
NL-62846.52.22 ± 0.0811.20 ± 0.311.71 ± 0.0518.3 ± 102.3 ± 0.36.6 ± 1.16.0 ± 1.0
NL-63250.31.76 ± 0.089.80 ± 0.281.83 ± 0.0521.5 ± 102.1 ± 0.326.2 ± 3.523.9 ± 3.2
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