<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

We lost a man - a person always rational, always free and gifted with the soul. We lost a man mainly in the space of language. Instead of a human is “individual” - a measure. This process has already accelerated in the second half of the 19th century. There is no human being anymore, there are individuals with a definable quality, and to segregate and destroy those who do not correspond to the desired image. Also in globally meant social aid. There is a need to go back to seeing the face of each human. Restore everyone.
</abstract>

Restoring a Man

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Mobbing is one of the most important threats to the functioning of the organization. It refers to the use of unethical activities whose purpose is to harm a colleague. The aim of this study is to present the most important issues related to the issue of mobbing and to describe its causes and consequences that it causes in the individual and social sphere. It turns out that it causes many negative consequences in the functioning of the employee and generates significant financial losses of the organization. An important aspect is the consequent elimination of it, which may contribute to improving the functioning of the organization and its employees.
</abstract>

Mobbing in the Workplace-Causes and Consequences

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The aim of this article is to analyze which issues, and why, influenced the systems of education at the turn of XX and XXI century to the extent that led to the need of resolving them at the level of international tribunals in Europe - the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Within the case law of the CJEU, the analysis was based on the cases concerning the right to education of migrant children and the right of the holder of a secondary education diploma awarded in a Member State to access the higher education institution in another Member State. As far as the case law of the ECtHR is concerned, the author considers the cases dealing with the issue of wearing headscarves and displaying crucifixes in educational institutions in the context of the freedom of religion, the case with a problem of an alternative for religious education in public school and the cases on the discrimination in education. The conclusion is that the systems of education are vulnerable to challenges faced by the entire society and reflect the changes undergoing within it.
</abstract>

Selected Problems of Education in Europe at the Turn of XX and XXI Century in the Case Law of European Tribunals

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The article entitled <italic>The Directions of the Development of the Russian System of Education in the 21st century</italic> came into existence as a result of the continuation of research on the Russian education initiated with publishing of the series of articles in the 1990s as well as the book <italic>Democratic Transformation of Education in Russia</italic>, Krakow 2003. The first section of this article is devoted to the current structure of Russian education emphasizing its differences while comparing it to Polish education. The second section is a critical analysis of the state of Russian education at its all levels during the first two decades of the 21st cent., taking into account the changes the system has undergone since the period of Perestroika (1985-1989). The analysis is conducted from the perspective of the social situation of Russia undergoing disadvantageous demographic transformations, with the education influenced to a great extent by ineffective economy as well as Russia`s accession to the Bologna Accords. The final section presents the tendencies of the development of the Russian system of education taking into consideration its unfavorable socio-economic conditions and the lack of stabilization in the country. These are the main directions of the development of global and specific character, resulting from multicultural needs of citizens of this multinational state.
</abstract>

The Directions of the Development of the Russian System of Education in the 21st Century

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Is it necessary and worth reflecting on the choice of a model of education and upbringing in contemporary Polish system of education? What ought to be done to make school not only the transmission of knowledge but also the introduction to the world of values?
The current model can be characterised with the decomposition of a teacher’s role by the introduction of excessive pseudo-subjectivity of a student, and as a consequence getting rid of the “missionary” character of teaching profession, fulfilling the task of raising a conscious citizen and patriot, able to acquire knowledge necessary for finding one`s place in the constantly changing world.
The alternative for the current Polish model of education ought to be sought in the upbringing of an individual in personalised spirit, at the same time expressing the need for shaping its character within the culture of Latin civilisation. Thus, it will enable a young individual to overtake the control over his own process of development. Such an activity ought to become the foundation of the new model of upbringing in Polish schools.
</abstract>

A New Model of Education and Upbringing in Polish School

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The study aims at proving that philosophy plays a significant role in the process of development of a child. Thanks to it a child acquires a fuller comprehension of itself and the surrounding world. It also gains the need to express its own concepts, share doubts of existential nature.
A child articulates its amazement from the earliest stage of its development, which is a classical example of philosophical thinking. However, traditional terms seem to be the biggest obstacle in practicing philosophy with children. Therefore, it is avoided since it ought to be performed with the use of terminology which is alien to a child.
Discovering philosophy should become an adventure for a child, enabling it to recognize mental processes in a human being. It also allows the explanation of numerous phenomena associated with human attitudes, behaviors, rules of reasoning and acting, organization of the world and social life. In no way should anyone be forced to precise philosophy. A man must crave for it and miss it on his own. Childhood is the most appropriate period of time enabling to perceive philosophy as the love of wisdom.
</abstract>

The Shaping of Concepts and Philosophical Thinking in the Conscience of a Child

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The article deals with issues related to contemporary education towards selected phenomena using the case study method. In recent years, the proposed topic is important. Very often, the presentation of aspects related to the case study in a much better perspective illustrates difficulties and problematic issues concerning social, medical or psychological phenomena. Analysis of a single case, using a detailed description, which is usually a real case, allowing to draw conclusions about the causes and results of its course and technical, cultural, social conditions, etc. The phenomenon of suicide is a very complicated process. To understand this issue thoroughly, modern teaching methods are used, thanks to which the adoption and understanding of even difficult material is used. The work is therefore of a theoretical and practical nature, as examples of case studies from conducted scientific research carried out on a group of people after suicide attempt from 2014 will be presented.
</abstract>

Contemporary Education Towards Selected Phenomena. Case Study as an Educational Method – A Suicidal Aspect

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We live in an ageing society that is technologically characterized at the same time In order to function well in it, one must have appropriate competences. Those can be acquired through media education. This is vital for older people who are exposed to digital marginalization. The exclusion occurs when some individuals or groups are not free to participate fully in the network society. The aim of this article is not only to prove that media education in practice affects the reduction of the digital divide but also that seniors can use media spaces to the same extent as younger generations. It is also intended to sensitize the society to the presence of seniors in the virtual space.
</abstract>

Media Education of Seniors as a form of Action Against the Digital Marginalization of People over 65 Years of Age

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 4 (2020): Issue 1 (July 2020)

Volume 3 (2019): Issue 1 (October 2019)

Volume 2 (2018): Issue 1 (December 2018)

Volume 1 (2018): Issue 1 (April 2018) Transformations of the Education Systems in Europe and in Asia at the turn of 20th and 21st century

21st Century Pedagogy

 21st Century Pedagogy is an international open-access peer-reviewed journal on pedagogy. The journal’s scope includes, but is not limited to the following areas of research: education, social rehabilitation, learning, school education, formal and informal education, tertiary and vocational education, higher education, systems of education, educational policy.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 