<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Recent research has revealed a correlation between consumer gazing behaviour and decision-making in eye-tracking tests, which suggested a predictability decision-making from gazing behaviour. Since the eye-tracking test design has been reported to have an effect on gazing behaviour, the objective of this work is therefore to study systematically whether the test design influences the relationship between choice and gazing. Using a Tobii-T60 Eye Tracker, 100 persons participated in eye-tracking tests working on food images. Two design factors were tested: 1) Type of evaluation (<italic>maximum choice</italic>, <italic>minimum choice</italic>, <italic>ranking</italic>, <italic>and rating</italic>); 2) Question content (<italic>deliciousness</italic>, <italic>healthiness</italic>,<italic>prices</italic>, <italic>and familiarity</italic>). The results showed that the correlation between decision-making and gazing behaviour is influenced by both <italic>Type of evaluation</italic> and <italic>Question content</italic>. Only in the choice tests, a significant correlation between gazing behaviour and consumer decision-making was found. No correlation was found in the question content group Prices, but a very strong correlation existed in the three other question content groups. The results are discussed considering the relationship between visual attention and cognitive processes in decision-making.</abstract>

Department of Food Science and Technology

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU)

Hanoi University of Science and Technology

Eye-tracking test design influences the relationship between gazing behaviour and evaluation decision

<trans-abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Although the Austrian organic specialist trade only constitutes a small share of overall organic food revenues, the number of organic specialist trade shops has been increasing constantly. The aim of this study is to analyze customers of Viennese organic supermarkets (a type of organic specialist trade) and to derive target groups based on this analysis. Using a standardized questionnaire, 211 customers of organic supermarket “denn’s” were surveyed. Within the analysis of the survey, sociodemographic and psychographic attributes as well as attributes related to buying behavior were detected. The target group segmentation was done by cluster analysis using two cluster methods (single linkage and ward method). Descriptive survey results show that customers of Viennese organic supermarket “denn’s” are mainly female. Generally, customers are middle-aged and show a comparatively high level of education and income. When buying organic food, personal health is the most important aspect, followed by environmental protection and animal welfare. Regarding eating habits, more than 60% of the surveyed customers are vegetarians or vegans and about 35% follow a gluten- or lactose-free diet. Moreover, the crucial purchase motives are product selection, product information and pricing. Through cluster analysis four different target groups of customers were identified.</trans-abstract>

Segmentierung der Kunden des Wiener Bio-Supermarktes „denn’s Biomarkt“ mithilfe einer Clusteranalyse

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">At first glance, there appears little to link nitrogen cycling with entomology other that the use of isotope techniques. Soil management requires a contextual, adaptive, flexible approach that is based on understanding the factors that regulate the soil’s fundamental processes. Using stable isotope techniques for the analysis of the inherent biogeochemical processes can explain the complex soil–plant interactions, the determining factors of the nitrogen cycle, and the impacts of applying external inputs. Using the same stable isotope tools enables an interdisciplinary collaboration between soil science and entomology. Emerging plant pests, for instance, non-native insect species, are a threat to the agroecosystems. The knowledge of the origin and movement of invasive insects by using the intrinsic stable isotope signatures embedded in the environment allows identification of entry pathways and thus the establishment of effective management strategies to reduce the potential crop damage. Moreover, the feeding and mating biology of insects can also be understood using isotope techniques. Finally, the movement of mosquitoes can be understood by isotopic labeling so that these dangerous disease vectors can be more effectively managed. This and further research has led to a fuller understanding of insect feeding ecology and leading neatly around to how insect nutrition impacts soil organic matter turnover.</abstract>

Using light stable isotopes to understand nutrient cycling in soils and how these isotopic techniques can be leveraged to investigate the ecology and biology of insects – A review

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Organic farming represents an integral part of agriculture in Austria. The share of organic holdings and the share of area being organically farmed are already high relative to other countries within the European Union. So far, analyses of the organic sector have mainly focused on the economic output and the utilised area; less is known about absolute crop yields per hectare and the gap between organic and conventional crop yields. Given their relevance for profitability calculations and production strategies, such data is of major interest for farmers, advisors, and decision-makers. To address this lack of knowledge, we combine the Austrian farm accountancy data and Integrated Administration and Control System data for Austria. This paper presents a statistical analysis of organic crop yield data for the national Austrian territory as well as for regional categories and covers the period from 2003–2016. The results show a significant difference in crop yields: i) between organic and conventional farming systems; ii) between regional categories in Austria. Organic cereals achieve 35% lower average crop yields than conventional systems, yields for organic root and tuber crops were 27–49% lower. Yield gaps of oilseed and protein crops vary widely between respective crop species.</abstract>

Comparison of organic and conventional crop yields in Austria

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Home health care (HHC) services are faced with a rising demand in Austria. This is due to an increased life expectancy, changing family structures, and the trend to grow old at home. The percentage of their working time that is spent by the HHC staff for travelling from one client to the next one reaches 30% and even more in some rural areas. Changing the assignment of HHC staff to clients and the sequence of visits can lead to major reductions in the travel distances, and therefore, to more sustainable solutions. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview on the logistical planning of HHC services in Austria. In order to meet the future requirements, it is important to analyze different mobility concepts for the HHC staff and to provide tailored solution approaches for routing and scheduling. The reader learns about the current HHC situation in Austria, the logistical requirements for planning these services, possible mobility concepts for the HHC staff, and potential threats for HHC operations. The developed solution methods are presented in brief and the main findings are highlighted and discussed. The paper concludes with an outlook on potential future research paths in HHC routing and scheduling.</abstract>

Recent planning approaches and mobility concepts for home health care services in Austria – A review

Buchbesprechung: Essentials of Soil Science - Soil formation, functions, use and classification (World Reference Base, WRB)

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Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

“Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment” is an interdisciplinary forum dedicated to all aspects of research in the rural area. Our aim is to provide an international outlet for new results in all disciplines of land management, food, environment and related sciences.  The journal publishes in an open access model.  Rejection Rate   10 % (2014)   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.  Copyright Policy  The work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.  Peer Review process  The journal uses a double-blind reviewing process, thus authors remain anonymous to referees and referees remain anonymous to authors. 

Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

Volume 68 (2017): Issue 4 (December 2017)

Research Article

Eye-tracking test design influences the relationship between gazing behaviour and evaluation decision

Segmentierung der Kunden des Wiener Bio-Supermarktes „denn’s Biomarkt“ mithilfe einer Clusteranalyse

Using light stable isotopes to understand nutrient cycling in soils and how these isotopic techniques can be leveraged to investigate the ecology and biology of insects – A review

Comparison of organic and conventional crop yields in Austria

Recent planning approaches and mobility concepts for home health care services in Austria – A review

Book Reviews

Buchbesprechung: Essentials of Soil Science - Soil formation, functions, use and classification (World Reference Base, WRB)

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