<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<bold>Aim of the study:</bold> The aim was to perform a morphometric analysis of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of morbidly obese women and to determine the relationship between adipocyte size and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
<bold>Materials and methods:</bold> White adipose tissue of morbidly obese women was obtained from subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue during bariatric surgery. The same tissues were obtained at judicial autopsy in non-obese (lean) non-diabetic patients. The harvested tissue was embedded in paraffin and 5 μm thick hematoxylin-eosin stained sections were analyzed by the Olympus cellSens system. Statistical evaluation was performed by GraphPad Prism 6.1 software.
<bold>Results:</bold> We found a relationship between adipocyte size and the presence of T2D. The most pronounced changes were seen in visceral adipocytes (cell diameter increased from 61.9 μm in controls to 79.5 μm in patients with T2D). Also, the size of the subcutaneous adipocytes increased against the control. A statistically significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients was not proven in subcutaneous adipocytes. We also observed differences in the distribution of adipocyte mean diameters. Whilst in the control group there was a normal (Gaussian) distribution, in the morbidly obese we found an asymmetric distribution with a positive skewness to the right.
<bold>Conclusion:</bold> We have demonstrated that in morbidly obese women a significant increase in visceral adipocyte size is associated with the development of both insulin resistance and T2D.
</abstract>

Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava

Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University

Adipocyte size in morbidly obese women and its relation to type 2 diabetes

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) represents a frequent cardiovascular condition associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which may have progressive course and become malignant. Dysregulation of autonomic nervous system - especially sympathetic overdrive – is one of the factors considered to play a key role in its aetiology and development. There is a growing evidence of a large impact of sympathetic system on the development of MVP. Exaggerated sympathetic activity may lead to morphologic changes in valves tissue such as thickening and redundancy. Nowadays, few investigative methods are known for evaluation of the regulatory state of sympathetic nervous system, which could be, theoretically, used to identify the subjects with sympathetic overactivity associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Electrodermal activity or blood pressure variability represent promising non-invasive methods for evaluation of the regulatory outputs of sympathetic nervous system. There is a possibility to extend a set of investigative methods in MVP and include the monitoring of sympathetic activity in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. This article summarizes knowledge about pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutical approaches of MVP, and brings some novel insights on the parameters of autonomic nervous regulation, which haven’t yet been used in cardiovascular risk assessment in MVP.
</abstract>

Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava

Sympathetic nervous system and cardiovascular risk in mitral valve prolapse

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Non-invasive measurement of cerebral tissue oxygenation (cStO2) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is attracting an increasing attention not only in neonatology. The vast diversity of commercially available NIRS devices makes it difficult to compare in the published clinical studies. This review provides a view on the practical use of NIRS as a tool for cStO2 measurement, its limitations and pitfalls, with a focus on brain dysfunction caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. This syndrome of disturbed neurologic function in the earliest days after the birth in the term infants is manifested by difficulty with initiating and maintaining respiration, depression of tone and reflexes, subnormal level of consciousness, and often seizures. This fascinating technology has already proven accurate and has been recommended to use during daily routine tool to evaluate the level of oxygen saturation in brain in intensive care units worldwide.
</abstract>

Clinic of Neonatology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin

Comenius University in Bratislava, and Martin University Hospital

Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin

Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy in term newborns: reference values and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The function of parathyroid gland is affected by a wide spectrum of diseases, among them primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common. In about 85% of the patients a solitary parathyroid adenoma is the cause of the hyperparathyroidism. Surgical removal of pathologically changed gland is a treatment of choice, usually performed by miniinvasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy.
In this article the authors review current knowledge, research state, and present some cases of this operation at the Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia.
</abstract>

Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery

Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and Martin University Hospital

Radio-guided miniinvasive surgery of solitary parathyroid adenoma as a cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Traffic medicine is an important part within the scope of concerns of forensic medicine. We are dealing with consequences of traffic accidents – fatal or survived – but this problem overlaps the borders of our specialization. Sustained injuries are the focus of various fields of medicine and in combination with alcohol and illicit drugs abuse this issue is growing. The following review has an ambition to bring more light into the problem concerning the effect of alcohol and cannabis (which is the most common illicit drug used worldwide) on driving abilities.
</abstract>

Cannabis and alcohol in road traffic: an overview

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Background: Symbols play a very crucial role in the culture of a society, and the medical society is not an exception to this. In the world of Orthodox medicine, the Rod of Asclepius is regarded as the true symbol of medicine. However, there exists to be an issue of interchange of the correct medical symbol (i.e. Rod of Asclepius) with another similar symbol (i.e. the Caduceus). This study aims to explore medical students’ knowledge and opinion on the appropriate symbol of medicine.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey of 84 medical students at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University (UDU), North-West Nigeria. Study tool was a paper questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Epi info 7 Software.
Results: The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 23.7 (±3.4) years, 72.6% were males, and 73.8% were in their 4th year. Only 59.5% had interest in non-medical literature. Also, only 6.0% had doctors as their parents. The majority (88.1%) of the participants erroneously identified the Caduceus symbol as the most appropriate symbol of medicine. Furthermore, only 45.2% indicated that the Rod of Asclepius and the Caduceus symbols originated from ancient Greece. Virtually all (97.6%) the participants opined that the Caduceus symbol is the most popular symbol of Medicine. Finally, the majority (73.8%) of the participants recommended that a course on the History of Medicine should be added to the medical curriculum of their school.
Conclusion: This study found that the majority of the surveyed medical students did not know much about the historically correct medical symbol. This shows the need for awareness creation on the true symbol of medicine among medical students, and even the public-at-large.
</abstract>

Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery

Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital

Department of Planning Research and Statistics

Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry

One Snake or Two? Exploring Medical Symbols Among Medical Students

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 24 (2024): Issue 1 (April 2024)

Volume 23 (2023): Issue 3 (December 2023)

Volume 23 (2023): Issue 2 (August 2023)

Volume 23 (2023): Issue 1 (April 2023)

Volume 22 (2022): Issue 3 (December 2022)

Volume 22 (2022): Issue 2 (August 2022)

Volume 22 (2022): Issue 1 (April 2022)

Volume 21 (2021): Issue 3 (December 2021)

Volume 21 (2021): Issue 2 (August 2021)

Volume 21 (2021): Issue 1 (March 2021)

Volume 20 (2020): Issue 3 (December 2020)

Volume 20 (2020): Issue 2 (August 2020)

Volume 20 (2020): Issue 1 (April 2020)

Volume 19 (2019): Issue 3 (December 2019)

Volume 19 (2019): Issue 2 (August 2019)

Volume 19 (2019): Issue 1 (April 2019)

Volume 18 (2018): Issue 3 (December 2018)

Volume 18 (2018): Issue 2 (August 2018)

Volume 18 (2018): Issue 1 (June 2018)

Volume 17 (2017): Issue 3 (December 2017)

Volume 17 (2017): Issue 2 (August 2017)

Volume 17 (2017): Issue 1 (April 2017)

Volume 16 (2016): Issue 3 (December 2016)

Volume 16 (2016): Issue 2 (August 2016)

Volume 16 (2016): Issue 1 (April 2016)

Volume 15 (2015): Issue 3 (December 2015)

Volume 15 (2015): Issue 2 (September 2015)

Volume 15 (2015): Issue 1 (May 2015)

Volume 14 (2014): Issue 2 (September 2014)

Volume 14 (2014): Issue 1 (May 2014)

Volume 13 (2014): Issue 3 (February 2014)

Volume 13 (2013): Issue 2 (November 2013)

Volume 13 (2013): Issue 1 (March 2013)

Volume 13 (2013): Issue Supplement-1 (March 2013)

Volume 12 (2012): Issue Supplement-1 (February 2012)

Volume 12 (2012): Issue 3 (December 2012)

Volume 12 (2012): Issue 2 (August 2012)

Volume 12 (2012): Issue 1 (March 2012)

Volume 11 (2011): Issue Supplement-1 (March 2011)

Volume 11 (2011): Issue 3 (December 2011)

Volume 11 (2011): Issue 2 (August 2011)

Volume 11 (2011): Issue 1 (March 2011)

Acta Medica Martiniana

 Acta Medica Martiniana is a medical scientific journal, first published in print form in December 2001. It is a continuation of the journal / almanac Folia Medica Martiniana (1971 - 1996). The journal‘s owner is the Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Slovakia. The aims and scope of the AMM:   Dissemination of research results and scientific knowledge from all areas of medicine and nursing.  Stimulation, facilitation and supporting of publication activity for the young medical research and clinical generation. The contributions of young novice authors (PhD students and post-doctorials) are particularly welcome.   Acta Medica Martiniana (AMM) publishes, and here only in English, high quality original papers (in extenso and short-rapid communications), case reports as well as review articles.  Acta Medica Martiniana is an open-access journal, with a periodicity of publishing three times per year (Apr/Aug/Dec). It covers a wide range of basic medical disciplines, such as anatomy, histology, biochemistry, human physiology, pharmacology, etc., as well as all clinical areas incl. preventive medicine, public health and nursing. Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary manuscripts, including papers from all areas of biomedical research, are welcome.  All articles are submitted to a peer-review process. They are peer-reviewed anonymously (double blind) by external experts pursuant to the standard evaluation criteria. Based on the reviewers opinions, the Editorial Board will decide whether a paper is to be included in the journal.  Rejection Rate:   15-30%   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 