| MISCARRIAGE | Nelson et al. (2007) | Lack of Lactobacillus spp. in the vagina during the first trimester of pregnancy may be associated with a risk of miscarriage in the second trimester |
| Bretelle et al. (2015) | The presence of pathogenic bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Atopobium vaginae, and Gardnella vaginalis in the vagina is associated with high-risk pregnancies and may contribute to miscarriage |
| Nelson et al. (2015) | BV correlates with miscarriageAl-Memar et al. (2020) Decreased vaginal Lactobacillus spp. during the first or second trimester of pregnancy correlates with risk of miscarriage |
| Chang et al. (2020) | The presence of Lactobacillus iners in the vagina increases the risk of miscarriage |
| Xu et al. (2020) | The presence of Gardnerella, Prevotella as well as Megastrobila, and Cyclospora and the lack of Lactobacillus spp. in the vagina may contribute to pregnancy loss |
| RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE (RM) | Llahi-Camp et al. (1996) | The BV is significantly more common among women who have had a second-trimester miscarriage than among women with RM |
| Işik et al. (2016) | The BV is associated with the occurrence of one miscarriage in the past six months. The BV does not affect the occurrence of recurrent miscarriage |
| Kuon et al. (2017) | Lactobacillus spp. is not present in the vagina of women with RM |
| Zhang et al. (2019) | Pathogenic bacteria in the vagina include Prevotella, Atopobium, and Streptococcus and reduced Lactobacillus spp. correlate with RM |
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