Leadership skills, stakeholder management and execution of fibre-optic infrastructure: intervening influence of government policy

Fig. 1

Extent to which leaderships skills are applied in steering fibre-optic infrastructure

Score	Frequency	Percentage
2.00	4	2.3
3.00	8	4.7
4.00	4	2.3
5.00	14	8.1
6.00	18	10.5
7.00	34	19.8
8.00	48	27.9
9.00	22	12.8
10.00	20	11.6
Total	172	100.0

Descriptive analysis of government policy from visual analogue scale data

Score	Frequency	Percentage
2.00	2	1.2
3.00	10	5.8
4.00	4	2.3
5.00	24	14.0
6.00	20	11.6
7.00	36	20.9
8.00	44	25.6
9.00	26	15.1
10.00	6	3.5
Total	172	100.0

Model with dependent variable regressed on independent variables (path c)

Source	SS	df	MS	Number of observations	172
Model	273.277533	1	273.277533	F(1,170)	162.6
Residual	285.722467	170	1.6807204	Prob > F	0.000
Total	559	171	3.26900585	R2	0.4889
				Adjusted R2	0.4859
				Root MSE	1.2964

Performance of companies in execution of fibre-optic infrastructure

Score	Frequency	Percentage
2.00	2	1.2
3.00	4	2.3
4.00	6	3.5
5.00	10	5.8
6.00	24	14.0
7.00	30	17.4
8.00	38	22.1
9.00	38	22.1
10.00	20	11.6
Total	172	100.0

Descriptive analysis of government policy from Likert scale data

Statements	1	2	3	4	5	Mean	Standard deviation
Government of Kenya has implemented policy on fibre-optic infrastructure	8.1	15.1	27.9	31.4	17.4	3.348	1.172
The government implements a dig once policy in conjunction with laying new roads and widening some	16.3	19.8	30.2	27.9	5.8	2.872	1.162
There is a uniform right of way policy for fibre-optic and other infrastructures	11.6	26.7	26.7	24.4	10.5	2.953	1.183
Significant delays in execution of fibre-optic infrastructure as a result of delays in obtaining permits	2.3	5.8	12.8	24.4	54.7	4.232	1.033
Lack of coordination among multiple authorities in issuance of permits is a reason for significant delays	2.3	5.8	12.8	24.4	54.7	4.232	1.033
Introduction of utility corridors will prevent repeated digging which interfere with other underground infrastructure	2.3	1.2	7.0	30.2	59.3	4.430	0.858
Regulations by the government on fibre-optic infrastructure are not fair and should be revised	5.8	4.7	36.0	22.1	31.4	3.686	1.136
More regulations should be put in place to check on how fibre-optic infrastructure is implemented	1.2	4.7	7.0	38.4	48.8	4.290	0.876
Global standards are adopted and customised in implementation of fibre-optic infrastructure	3.5	15.1	25.6	30.2	25.6	3.593	1.127
Building code should be revised to allow for fibre-optic services in new buildings	0.0	3.5	4.7	29.1	62.8	4.511	0.745
Average						3.8147	1.0325

Performance of companies in stakeholder management

Score	Frequency	Percentage
2.00	6	3.5
3.00	4	2.3
4.00	4	2.3
5.00	28	16.3
6.00	30	17.4
7.00	12	7.0
8.00	38	22.1
9.00	30	17.4
10.00	20	11.6
Total	172	100.0

Model for the relationship between independent variables and intervening variable

Source	SS	df	MS	Number of observations	172
Model	192.889365	1	192.889365	F(1,170)	88.72
Residual	369.622263	170	2.17424861	Prob > F	0.000
Total	562.511628	171	3.28954168	R2	0.3429
				Adjusted R2	0.3390
				Root MSE	1.4745

Model with dependent variable regressed on intervening variable and independent variables – paths b and c

Source	SS	df	MS	Number of observations	172
Model	337.78105	1	168.890525	F(1,170)	129.02
Residual	221.21895	170	1.30898787	Prob > F	0.000
Total	559	171	3.26900585	R2	0.6043
				Adjusted R2	0.5996
				Root MSE	1.1441