Analysis of Changes in Shopping Habits and Causes of Food Waste Among Consumers Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland

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The results of the mean, kurtosis, median, and standard deviation for responses regarding shopping behaviour

Before the pandemic COVID-19
N=500	I was preparing a list of needed products	I bought products according to the shopping list I had prepared	I happened to take a product off my shopping list	I chose the foods I wanted	I have often reached out to products offered as a ‘novelty’ to try them	I checked the expiry date before putting a food item in shopping cart	I bought products with a short ‘use by’ date if they were discounted	I bought products whose shopping packaging was deformed	I was shopping for supplies
Mean1	2,70	2,72	2,47	2,28	2,97	2,15	3,04	3,98	3,68
Standard deviation	1,19	1,15	0,93	0,91	0,97	1,11	1,14	1,11	1,16
Median	3,00	2,00	2,00	2,00	3,00	2,00	3,00	4,00	4,00
Grouped - median	2,68	2,62	2,46	2,24	2,99	1,95	3,05	4,19	3,80
Kurtosis	-1,09	-0,89	-0,14	0,07	-0,56	-0,22	-0,75	-0,18	-0,63

Pearson's correlation results between attendance and shopping volume versus discarding selected food items before the COVID-19 pandemic

Specification	Frequency of food shopping	Volume of food shopping	Meat (pork, beef, veal, muton, venison)	Poultry (whole, breast, tenderloin, thighs, wings, other)	Meat preparations (pates, sausages, cold cuts)	Cottage cheese	Renneted cheese	Fish	Milk (bottle)	Fermented milk drinks (yoghurts, kefirs, buttermilks)	Bread	Fruits & vegetables
Frequency of food shopping	1	-,455**	-0,048	0,007	-0,034	0,063	0,076	-0,037	-0,029	-0,052	-0,066	-,147**
Volume of food shopping	-,455**	1	0,024	-0,038	-0,003	-0,047	-0,017	-0,024	-0,039	-0,001	-0,016	0,009
Meat (pork, beef, veal, muton, venison)	-0,048	0,024	1	,832**	,708**	,492**	,427**	,555**	,422**	,420**	,419**	,328**
Poultry (whole, breast, tenderloin, thighs, wings, other)	0,007	-0,038	,832**	1	,704**	,532**	,464**	,612**	,429**	,411**	,456**	,327**
Meat preparations (pates, sausages, cold cuts)	-0,034	-0,003	,708**	,704**	1	,624**	,534**	,481**	,478**	,482**	,498**	,436**
Cottage cheese	0,063	-0,047	,492**	,532**	,624**	1	,630**	,391**	,500**	,528**	,441**	,406**
Renneted cheese	0,076	-0,017	,427**	,464**	,534**	,630**	1	,454**	,497**	,525**	,480**	,372**
Fish	-0,037	-0,024	,555**	,612**	,481**	,391**	,454**	1	,494**	,464**	,387**	,269**
Milk (bottle)	-0,029	-0,039	,422**	,429**	,478**	,500**	,497**	,494**	1	,574**	,471**	,423**
Fermented milk drinks (yoghurts, kefirs, butter-milks)	-0,052	-0,001	,420**	,411**	,482**	,528**	,525**	,464**	,574**	1	,634**	,585**
Bread	-0,066	-0,016	,419**	,456**	,498**	,441**	,480**	,387**	,471**	,634**	1	,703**
Fruits & vegetables	-,147**	0,009	,328**	,327**	,436**	,406**	,372**	,269**	,423**	,585**	,703**	1
**. Correlation significant at the 0,01 level (two-sided).

Characteristics of the respondents

Respondents’ characteristics	Share [%]
Gender
Female	60
Male	40
Age
18–26	43,8
27–35	11,2
36–40	9
41–45	7,8
46–50	6,6
51–55	7,6
56–60	7
>60	7
Place of residence
Village	18,6
City up to 19,000 inhabitants	9,2
City between 20,000 and 49,000 inhabitants	10
City with 50,000 to 99,000 inhabitants	9,8
City with 100,000 to 199,000 inhabitants	8,2
City between 200,000 and 499,000 inhabitants	11,8
City > 500,000 inhabitants	32,4
Household size
One-person	11,8
Two-person	31,4
Three-person	23,8
Four-person	18,2
Five-person	8,2
Six-person	3,4
>Six-person	3,2

Pearson's correlation results between attendance and shopping volume versus discarding selected food items during the COVID-19 pandemic

Specification	Frequency of food shopping	Volume of food shopping	Meat (pork, beef, veal, muton, venison)	Poultry (whole, breast, tenderloin, thighs, wings, other)	Meat preparations (pates, sausages, cold cuts)	Cottage cheese	Renneted cheese	Fish	Milk (bottle)	Fermented milk drinks (yoghurts, kefirs, buttermilks)	Bread	Fruits & vegetables
Frequency of food shopping	1	-,556**	0,071	0,008	0,038	0,045	0,037	0,084	,152**	,178**	,119**	,145**
Volume of food shopping	-,556**	1	0,033	0,060	0,027	-0,024	-0,012	-0,015	-0,080	-,154**	-,112*	-,151**
Meat (pork, beef, veal, muton, venison)	0,071	0,033	1	,865**	,763**	,540**	,516**	,616**	,465**	,470**	,471**	,390**
Poultry (whole, breast, tenderloin, thighs, wings, other)	0,008	0,060	,865**	1	,770**	,551**	,532**	,618**	,479**	,476**	,492**	,386**
Meat preparations (pates, sausages, cold cuts)	0,038	0,027	,763**	,770**	1	,670**	,622**	,515**	,548**	,555**	,576**	,510**
Cottage cheese	0,045	-0,024	,540**	,551**	,670**	1	,782**	,472**	,570**	,619**	,576**	,547**
Renneted cheese	0,037	-0,012	,516**	,532**	,622**	,782**	1	,476**	,554**	,545**	,571**	,497**
Fish	0,084	-0,015	,616**	,618**	,515**	,472**	,476**	1	,513**	,429**	,397**	,302**
Milk (bottle)	,152**	-0,080	,465**	,479**	,548**	,570**	,554**	,513**	1	,664**	,623**	,515**
Fermented milk drinks (yoghurts, kefirs, buttermilks)	,178**	-,154**	,470**	,476**	,555**	,619**	,545**	,429**	,664**	1	,705**	,716**
Bread	,119**	-,112*	,471**	,492**	,576**	,576**	,571**	,397**	,623**	,705**	1	,756**
Fruits & vegetables	,145**	-,151**	,390**	,386**	,510**	,547**	,497**	,302**	,515**	,716**	,756**	1
**. Correlation significant at the 0,01 level (two-sided).