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Effects of lipopolysaccharide administration on thymus damage, antioxidant capacity and immune function in weaned piglets

Lingna Bai

Lingna Bai

College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang, China
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Bai, Lingna
, 
Yijie Jiang

Yijie Jiang

College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang, China
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Jiang, Yijie
, 
Xi Li

Xi Li

Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Pingxiang CityPingxiang, China
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Li, Xi
, 
Wanting Yu

Wanting Yu

College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang, China
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Yu, Wanting
, 
Wenlu Zhu

Wenlu Zhu

College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang, China
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Zhu, Wenlu
, 
Guotong Zhao

Guotong Zhao

College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang, China
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Zhao, Guotong
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Tingyu Yang

Tingyu Yang

College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang, China
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Yang, Tingyu
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Yunxiao Zhou

Yunxiao Zhou

College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang, China
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Zhou, Yunxiao
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Jinyan Li

Jinyan Li

College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang, China
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Li, Jinyan
 y 
Yong Li

Yong Li

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Li, Yong
  
25 mar 2025
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Publicado en línea: 25 mar 2025
Páginas: 111 - 119
Recibido: 06 sept 2024
Aceptado: 10 mar 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0018
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© 2025 Lingna Bai et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

The nitric oxide (NO) secretion in the thymus of weaned piglets. CON – control group; LPS – lipopolysaccharide group; * – significant increase (P-value < 0.05); ** – highly significant increase (P-value < 0.01)
The nitric oxide (NO) secretion in the thymus of weaned piglets. CON – control group; LPS – lipopolysaccharide group; * – significant increase (P-value < 0.05); ** – highly significant increase (P-value < 0.01)

Fig. 2.

The mRNA expression of thymic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, related inflammatory factors and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). IL – interleukin; MyD88 – myeloid differentiation factor 88; NFκB – nuclear factor kappa B; TNF-α – tumour necrosis factor α; CON – control group; LPS – lipopolysaccharide group; * – significant increase (P-value < 0.05); ** – highly significant increase (P-value < 0.01); # – significant decrease (P-value < 0.05); ## – highly significant decrease (P-value < 0.01)
The mRNA expression of thymic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, related inflammatory factors and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). IL – interleukin; MyD88 – myeloid differentiation factor 88; NFκB – nuclear factor kappa B; TNF-α – tumour necrosis factor α; CON – control group; LPS – lipopolysaccharide group; * – significant increase (P-value < 0.05); ** – highly significant increase (P-value < 0.01); # – significant decrease (P-value < 0.05); ## – highly significant decrease (P-value < 0.01)

Fig. 3.

The mRNA expression of thymic JAK-STAT pathway and Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. A – janus kinase 1 (JAK1); B – kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1); C –signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3); D – nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). * – significant increase (P-value < 0.05); ** – highly significant increase (P-value < 0.01); # – significant decrease (P-value < 0.05); ## – highly significant decrease (P-value < 0.01)
The mRNA expression of thymic JAK-STAT pathway and Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. A – janus kinase 1 (JAK1); B – kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1); C –signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3); D – nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). * – significant increase (P-value < 0.05); ** – highly significant increase (P-value < 0.01); # – significant decrease (P-value < 0.05); ## – highly significant decrease (P-value < 0.01)

The antioxidant parameters in the thymus of weaned piglets

Group Day 1 Day 5 Day 9 Day 13
T-AOC (mmol/g protein) CON 0.1462 ± 0.00640 0.1077 ± 0.02364 0.0755 ± 0.01391 0.1027 ± 0.00941
LPS 0.1527 ± 0.01974 0.1189 ± 0.00409 0.0787 ± 0.00503 0.0960 ± 0.00266
CAT (U/mg protein) CON 1.3091 ± 0.12010 1.0701 ± 0.09588 1.1309 ± 0.04572 0.5535 ± 0.08402
LPS 2.2744 ± 0.16687** 1.3503 ± 0.14927* 1.0992 ± 0.16026 0.6420 ± 0.09374
SOD (U/mg protein) CON 15.4502 ± 1.37575 14.0568 ± 0.18257 9.0334 ± 0.31115 9.7733 ± 0.53686
LPS 14.4014 ± 1.02473 14.3906 ± 0.49276 9.8023 ± 0.31115* 9.3018 ± 0.20602
GSH-Px (U/mg protein) CON 15.5310 ± 1.45508 13.7160 ± 0.42498 13.5570 ± 0.60307 16.8665 ± 1.07325
LPS 22.0999 ± 1.2071* 18.0544 ± 1.9736* 17.5424 ± 2.1281* 21.4042 ± 1.58232**
MDA (nmol/mg protein) CON 0.3856 ± 0.02354 0.3444 ± 0.11768 0.2435 ± 0.08353 0.2268 ± 0.00967
LPS 0.3634 ± 0.04299 0.3772 ± 0.07952 0.1684 ± 0.4000 0.2365 ± 0.04973

Primers used in RT-qPCR analysis

Gene Primer sequence (5′-3′) Product size (base pairs) GenBank accession No.
GAPDH F: CCTGGAGAAACCTGCAAAATAR: AACCTGGTCCTCAGTGTAGCC 100 NM_001206359.1
TLR4 F: GACGAAGACTGGGTGAGGAATGAACR: CCTGGATGATGTTAGCAGCGATGG 124 NM_001113039.2
MyD88 F: CGTCTGGTCCATTGCTAGAACTCR: TTCTGATGGGCACCTGGAGAGAG 141 NM_001099923.1
NF-κB F: CTGAGGCTATAACTCGCTTGGTGACR: CATGTCCGCAATGGAGGAGAAGTC 131 NM_001114281.1
TNF-α F: TCTATTTTGGGATCATTGCCCR: CCAGCCCCTCATTCTCTTTCT 127 NM_214022.1
IL-2 F: ACTTTCCAGGATGCTCACR: ACTTCCTCCAGAGGTTTG 102 DQ852342.1
IL-6 F: ATAAGGGAAATGTCGAGGCTGTGCR: GGGTGGTGGCTTTGTCTGGATTC 93 NM_001252429.1
IL-10 F: GCATCCACTTCCCAACCAR: GCAACAAGTCGCCCATCT 108 NM_214041.1
JAK1 F: GACCGTCACCTGCTTTGAGAR: ACGAAGCTGATGTTGTCCGT 104 AB00601
STAT3 F: AGCCTCTCCGCAGAGTTCAAR: GCCCCCGTTCCCACAT 60 NM_001044580.1
iNOS F: CAGCGGGATGACTTTCCAAR: TTGCAAGCAAGATCCCCTTT 60 NM_001143690.1
Keap1 F: ACGACGTGGAGACAGAAACGTR: GCTTCGCCGATGCTTCA 56 NM_001114671.1
Nrf2 F: GCCCCTGGAAGCGTTAAACR: GGACTGTATCCCCAGAAGGTTGT 67 XM_003133500.5
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Ciencias de la vida, Biología molecular, Microbiología y virología, Ciencias de la vida, otros, Medicina, Medicina veterinaria
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