<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) is a highly aggressive and metastatic primary bone tumour in dogs. Standard therapy is amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy (<italic>e.g</italic>. with doxorubicin). Liposomal drug delivery may augment therapeutic efficacy and reduce negative side effects. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-liposomal doxorubicin treats human metastatic cancers effectively. The study aimed was to evaluate PEG-liposomal doxorubicin’s inhibitory effect on canine metastatic proliferation and migration <italic>in vitro</italic>. It also aimed to appraise the drug’s extravasation inhibition <italic>in vivo</italic> using the human medicine–proven chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane <italic>ex ovo</italic> model.</p></sec>
<sec>
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>The canine D-17 OSA cell line was cultured and inoculated with decreasing concentrations of PEG-liposomal doxorubicin and conventional doxorubicin in a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test of cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry with Annexin V and Draq 7 staining confirmed the MTT test results, indicating dead, early and late apoptotic, and live cells. The inhibitory effect of the two preparations on cancer cell migration was investigated with a wound-healing assay. Culture plates seeded with cells were prepared. The cell monolayer was scratched and images of cells migrating to the scratch were captured at 0 h, 12 h and 24 h. Also, embryos were removed from three-day-incubated fertilised chicken eggs. On the 12<sup>th</sup> day, labelled D-17 cells were injected into each embryo. Embryos in one group received 100 μL of phosphate-buffered saline as controls, those in another group 30 μg/mL of PEG-liposomal doxorubicin, and those in the last group 6 μg/mL of conventional doxorubicin. The effectiveness of the intravascular administration of the D-17 cells was confirmed under a microscope.</p></sec>
<sec>
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>PEG-liposomal doxorubicin inhibited the migration of canine OSA cells more effectively than conventional doxorubicin (P ≤ 0.05). The <italic>ex ovo</italic> model showed that both drugs had similar impacts on canine metastatic OSA.</p></sec>
<sec>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>The liposomal form of the drug may be considered a potentially effective compound in canine metastatic OSA; nevertheless, further <italic>in vivo</italic> studies are essential to confirm this hypothesis.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) is a highly aggressive and metastatic primary bone tumour in dogs. Standard therapy is amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy (e.g. with doxorubicin). Liposomal drug delivery may augment therapeutic efficacy and reduce negative side effects. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-liposomal doxorubicin treats human metastatic cancers effectively. The study aimed was to evaluate PEG-liposomal doxorubicin’s inhibitory effect on canine metastatic proliferation and migration in vitro. It also aimed to appraise the drug’s extravasation inhibition in vivo using the human medicine–proven chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane ex ovo model.

Material and Methods
The canine D-17 OSA cell line was cultured and inoculated with decreasing concentrations of PEG-liposomal doxorubicin and conventional doxorubicin in a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test of cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry with Annexin V and Draq 7 staining confirmed the MTT test results, indicating dead, early and late apoptotic, and live cells. The inhibitory effect of the two preparations on cancer cell migration was investigated with a wound-healing assay. Culture plates seeded with cells were prepared. The cell monolayer was scratched and images of cells migrating to the scratch were captured at 0 h, 12 h and 24 h. Also, embryos were removed from three-day-incubated fertilised chicken eggs. On the 12th day, labelled D-17 cells were injected into each embryo. Embryos in one group received 100 μL of phosphate-buffered saline as controls, those in another group 30 μg/mL of PEG-liposomal doxorubicin, and those in the last group 6 μg/mL of conventional doxorubicin. The effectiveness of the intravascular administration of the D-17 cells was confirmed under a microscope.

Results
PEG-liposomal doxorubicin inhibited the migration of canine OSA cells more effectively than conventional doxorubicin (P ≤ 0.05). The ex ovo model showed that both drugs had similar impacts on canine metastatic OSA.

Conclusion
The liposomal form of the drug may be considered a potentially effective compound in canine metastatic OSA; nevertheless, further in vivo studies are essential to confirm this hypothesis.

PEG-liposomal doxorubicin as a potential agent for canine metastatic osteosarcoma – <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>ex ovo</italic> studies

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

PEG-liposomal doxorubicin as a potential agent for canine metastatic osteosarcoma –  and  studies

Introduction
Appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) is a highly aggressive and metastatic primary bone tumour in dogs. Standard therapy is amputation and adjuvant...

PEG-liposomal doxorubicin as a potential agent for canine metastatic osteosarcoma – in vitro and ex ovo studies

Publicado en línea: 16 jun 2023

Páginas: 297 - 305

Recibido: 15 feb 2023

Aceptado: 19 abr 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0026

Palabras clave
caelyx, chick chorioallantoic membrane, cancer, extravasation, migration

© 2023 Magdalena Walewska et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

PEG-liposomal doxorubicin as a potential agent for canine metastatic osteosarcoma – in vitro and ex ovo studies

Publicado en línea: 16 jun 2023

Páginas: 297 - 305

Recibido: 15 feb 2023

Aceptado: 19 abr 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0026

Palabras clavecaelyx, chick chorioallantoic membrane, cancer, extravasation, migration

© 2023 Magdalena Walewska et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Palabras clave
caelyx, chick chorioallantoic membrane, cancer, extravasation, migration