<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0017_s_005">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Since April 2020, when the first SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in mink and subsequently in mink farm workers in the Netherlands, it has been confirmed that human-to-mink and mink-to-human transmission can occur. Later, SARS-CoV-2 infections in mink were reported in many European and North American countries.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0017_s_006">
<h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>Samples from 590 mink from a total of 28 farms were tested by real-time RT-PCR. Whole genome sequences from one positive farm were generated and genetic relatedness was established.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0017_s_007">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on a breeder farm with stock of 5,850 mink. Active viraemia was confirmed in individually tested samples with Ct values respectively between 19.4 and 29.6 for E and N gene fragments. Further testing of samples from culled animals revealed 70% positivity in throat swabs and 30% seropositivity in blood samples. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length nucleotide sequences of two SARS-CoV-2 isolates revealed that they belong to the 20B Nextstrain clade. Several nucleotide mutations were found in analysed samples compared to the reference Wuhan HU-1 strain and some of them were nonsynonymous.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0017_s_008">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>We report the infection of mink with SARS-CoV-2 on one farm in Poland and the results of subsequent analysis of virus sequences from two isolates. These data can be useful for assessment of the epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland and how it endangers public health.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Since April 2020, when the first SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in mink and subsequently in mink farm workers in the Netherlands, it has been confirmed that human-to-mink and mink-to-human transmission can occur. Later, SARS-CoV-2 infections in mink were reported in many European and North American countries.

Material and methods
Samples from 590 mink from a total of 28 farms were tested by real-time RT-PCR. Whole genome sequences from one positive farm were generated and genetic relatedness was established.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on a breeder farm with stock of 5,850 mink. Active viraemia was confirmed in individually tested samples with Ct values respectively between 19.4 and 29.6 for E and N gene fragments. Further testing of samples from culled animals revealed 70% positivity in throat swabs and 30% seropositivity in blood samples. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length nucleotide sequences of two SARS-CoV-2 isolates revealed that they belong to the 20B Nextstrain clade. Several nucleotide mutations were found in analysed samples compared to the reference Wuhan HU-1 strain and some of them were nonsynonymous.

Conclusion
We report the infection of mink with SARS-CoV-2 on one farm in Poland and the results of subsequent analysis of virus sequences from two isolates. These data can be useful for assessment of the epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland and how it endangers public health.

Mink SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland – short communication

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

{"article-title":"Mink SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland \u2013 short communication"}

Introduction
Since April 2020, when the first SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in mink and subsequently in mink farm workers in the Netherlands, it has been...

	throat swabs		serum samples
sample set
	studied	positive	studied	positive
1	20	20	120	30

2	30	15	30	15

total	50	35	150	45
		(70%)		(30%)

SARS-CoV-2 gene	EPI_ISL_984307 (210209_3597/2021)	EPI_ISL_984305 (210209_3596/2021)
	C1247F	C1247F
	D614G	D614G
S	G75V	G75V
	Y453F	Y453F
	-	M177T

	D343Y	D343Y
N	G204L	G204L
	R203K	R203K

NS3	R126M	-

NS7b	L22stop	L22stop
	Q275H	Q275H

NSP2	S138L	S138L
	V541I	V541I

	D218E	D218E
NSP3
	E869D	E869D

	G37E	G37E
NSP9	P57S	P57S

NSP12	P323L	P323L

NSP13	K94I	K94I

	A274S	A274S
NSP14	M49I	M49I

NSP15	M218T	M218T

	Strain classification

GISAID clade	O	GR

PANGO lineage	B.1.1.279	B.1.1.279

Nextstrain clade	20B	20B

Positive throat swab	3	8	11	12
E gene	19.4	23.9	22.3	23.9
N gene	24.9	29.6	27.9	28.9
RdRp1	29.9	37.8	34.3	36.2
RdRp2	28.8	36.9	33.6	35.5

Mink SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland – short communication

Publicado en línea: 09 mar 2021

Páginas: 1 - 5

Recibido: 18 feb 2021

Aceptado: 01 mar 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0017

Palabras clave
SARS-CoV-2, WGS, Poland, mink

© 2021 K. Domańska-Blicharz et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Summary of further sample testing from the infected mink

Summary of amino acid substitutions identified in two SARS-CoV-2 genomes detected in infected mink

Results of SARS-CoV-2 testing for E, N and RdRp genes of individual throat swabs collected from infected mink

Mink SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland – short communication

Publicado en línea: 09 mar 2021

Páginas: 1 - 5

Recibido: 18 feb 2021

Aceptado: 01 mar 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0017

Palabras claveSARS-CoV-2, WGS, Poland, mink

© 2021 K. Domańska-Blicharz et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Summary of further sample testing from the infected mink

Summary of amino acid substitutions identified in two SARS-CoV-2 genomes detected in infected mink

Results of SARS-CoV-2 testing for E, N and RdRp genes of individual throat swabs collected from infected mink

Palabras clave
SARS-CoV-2, WGS, Poland, mink